• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.50-57
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• 2020

The objective of this research work was to know ovarian dynamics and pregnancy rate of cyclic Murrah buffalo cows with induced estrus by administration of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) and timed artificial insemination (TAI) with frozen thawed semen. A total of 31 female buffaloes were selected for the study. The buffalos having matured CL observed by ultrasonography were given one intra muscular injection of cloprostenol 500 ㎍ and TAI was performed using frozen thawed semen of Indian Murrah buffalo bull. Results showed that 90.32% (significantly, at p < 0.05) cows explore the sign of heat after injection of PG and 67.85% (significantly, at p < 0.05) cows were become pregnant out of 28 inseminated (TAI) cows. In the 28 inseminated (TAI) cows, average number of smaller and larger size of follicles were non-significantly (p > 0.05) higher at day 3 post PG injection, but the medium size of follicles was nonsignificantly (p > 0.05) higher at PG injection. At day 3 post PG injection the diameter of follicles was significantly (p < 0.05) higher, but the diameter of CL was significantly (p < 0.01) lower compared at PG injection. At PG injection the diameter of largest follicle was non-significantly differences (p > 0.05) in between pregnant and non-pregnant cows. But at day 3 post PG injection it was significantly (p < 0.01) higher in pregnant cows compared to non-pregnant cows. The number of small, medium, and large follicles at PG injection and at day 3 post PG injection were non-significantly (p > 0.05) difference in between pregnant and non-pregnant buffalo cows. Finally, it is concluded that the CL was effectively regresses and induced the sign of heat in buffalo cows and after AI the cows were become pregnant with significant rate. The study will help to the veterinarian and researcher to know the efficacy of PG injection and AI for reproductive efficiency in buffalo cows.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.67-78
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• 2018

This paper aims to investigate the nature of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) in liner shipping industries, study the organization's general characteristics which could help to promote such CRM practices, and analyze the relationship between the CRM and the organization's effectiveness. The result of analysis shows that the organizational characteristics which affect the CRM most in shipping industries are the market orientation and the CEO's support. In particular, the CRM was proven to have significant impact on employee satisfaction, service competitiveness enhancement, financial performance, customer satisfaction and the repurchase intention of the customers. This study also suggests that the CRM of liner shipping industries should be enforced comprehensively in synchronization with organizational characteristics, such as organizational culture and organizational systems. Based on such organizational characteristics, the noted CRM strategies were justified to have significantly impacted the overall management performance of the organizational performance of shipping industries and the customer's satisfaction and repurchase intention. This study would be appreciated as a meaningful analysis on the CRM in liner shipping industries which pursues the best interests of both shipping companies and customers.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.135-154
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• 2024

As the digital transformation accelerates, the demand for professionals with competencies in various digital technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data is increasing in the industry. In response, the government is developing various educational programs to nurture talent in these emerging technology fields. However, the lack of a clear definition of competencies, which is the foundation of curriculum development and operation, has posed challenges in effectively designing digital technology education programs. This study systematically reviews the definitions and characteristics of competencies presented in prior research based on a literature review. Subsequently, in-depth interviews were conducted with 30 experts in emerging technology fields to derive a definition of competencies suitable for technology education programs. This research defines competencies for the development of technology education programs as 'a set of one or more knowledge and skills required to perform effectively at the expected level of a given task.' Additionally, the study identifies the elements of competencies, including knowledge and skills, as well as the principles of competency construction. The definition and characteristics of competencies provided in this study can be utilized to create more systematic and effective educational programs in emerging technology fields and bridge the gap between education and industry practice.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.265-279
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• 1996

Damage produced by radiation elicits a complex response in mammalian cells, including growth rate changes and the induction of a variety of genes associated with growth control and apoptosis. At doses of 10,000 cGy or greater, the exposed individual was killed in a matter of minutes to a couple of days, with symptoms consistent with pathology of the central nervous system(CNS) including degenerative changes. The nature of the damage in irradiated cells underlies the unique hazards of ionizing radiation. Radiation injury to CNS is a rare event in clinical medicine, but it is catastrophic for the patient in whom it occurs. The incidence of cerebral necrosis has been reported as high as 16% for doses greater than 6,000 cGy. In this study, the effect of radiation on brain tissue was studied in vivo. Jun and p53 genes in the rat brain were induced by whole body irradiation of rat with 600Co in doses between 1 Gy and 100 Gy and analyzed for expression of jun and p53 genes at the postirradiation time up to 6 hours. Northern analyses were done using 1.8 Kb & 0.8 Kb-pGEM-2-JUN/Eco RI/Pst I fragments, 2.0 Kb-php53B/Bam HI fragment and ,1.1 Kb-pBluescript SK--ACTIN/Eco RI fragment as the digoxigenin or [${\alpha}^{32}P$] dCTPlabeled probes for Jun, p53 and ${\beta}$-actin genes, respectively. Jun gene seemed to be expressed near the threshold levels in 1 hour after irradiation of $^{60}$Co in dose less than 1 Gy and was expressed in maximum at 1 hour after irradiation of $^{60}$Co in dose of 30 Gy. Jun was expressed increasingly with time until 5 or 6 hours after irradiation of $^{60}$Co in doses of 1 Gy and 10 Gy. After irradiation of $^{60}$Co in dose between 20 Gr and 100 Gy, the expression of Jun was however increased to peak in 2 hours and decreased thereafter. p53 gene in this study also seemed to be expressed near the threshold levels in 1 hour after irradiation of $^{60}$Co in dose less than 1 Gy and was expressed in maximum at 6 hours after irradiation of $^{60}$Co in dose of 1 Gy, p53 was expressed increasingly with time until 5 or 6 hours after irradiation of $^{60}$Co in dose between 1 Gy and 40 Gy. After irradiation of $^{60}$Co in doses of 50 Gy and 100 Gy, the expression of p53 was however increased to peak in 2 hours and decreased thereafter. The expression of Jun and p53 genes was not correlative in the brain tissue from rats. It seemed to be very important for the establishment of the optimum conditions for the animal studies relevant to the responses of genes inducible on DNA damage to ionizing radiation in mammalian cells. But there are many limitations to the animal studies such as the ununiform patterns of gene expression from the tissue because of its complex compositions. It is necessary to overcome the limitations for development of in situ Northern analysis.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.160-169
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• 2014

44 compounds and 9 minerals were isolated from and detected in the New Zealand deer velvet antler Cervus elaphus var. scoticus L$\ddot{o}$nnberg. The chemical structures of (1 - 26) were identified on the basis of the spectroscopic methods and comparisons with literature, respectively. The structures were identified as cholesterol (CS, 6), 7-keto-CS (7), $7{\beta}$-hydroxy-CS (8), and $7{\alpha}$-hydroxy-CS (9), and included 12 steroid $3{\beta}$-O-(palmitic/stearic/myristic acid esters; PM/SA/MS) [CS-$3{\beta}$-O-PM (1 - 1), CS-$3{\beta}$-O-SA (1 - 2), CS-$3{\beta}$-O-MR (1 - 3), 7-keto-CS-$3{\beta}$-O-PM (2 - 1), 7-keto-CS-$3{\beta}$-O-SA (2 - 2), 7-keto-CS-$3{\beta}$-O-MR (2 - 3), $7{\beta}$-hydroxy-CS-$3{\beta}$-O-SA (3 -1), $7{\beta}$-hydroxy-CS-$3{\beta}$-O-PM (3 - 2), $7{\beta}$-hydroxy-CS-$3{\beta}$-O-MR (3 - 3), $7{\alpha}$-hydroxy-CS-$3{\beta}$-O-SA (4 - 1), $7{\alpha}$-hydroxy-CS-$3{\beta}$-O-PM (4 - 2), and $7{\alpha}$-hydroxy-CS-$3{\beta}$-O-MR (4 - 3)], dinonyl phthalate (5), 8 nucleic acids analogues [uracil (10), deoxyguanosine (11), deoxyuridine (12), uridine (13), deoxyadenosine (14), adenosine (15), inosine (16), and guanosine (17)], and the 9 free amino acids [L-phenylalanine (18), L-isoleucine (19), L-leucine (20), L-tyrosine (21), L-valine (22), L-proline (23), L-threonine (24), L-alanine (25), and L-hydroxyproline (26)]. Also, there are 8 kinds of amino acids [asparagine, serine, glutamine, glycine, histidine, arginine, methionine, and lysine], 2 sialic acids [N-acetylneuraminic acid (27), ketodeoxynonulosonic acid (28)], and 9 minerals [Na > K > Ca > Mg > Fe > Zn > B > Al > Cu] were detected from the autoaminoacid analyzer and ICP spectrometer, HPAEC-PAD/HPLC-FLD, respectively. 9 kinds of oxycholesterol-$3{\beta}$-O-fatty acid ester (2 - 1, 2 - 2, 2 - 3, 3 - 1, 3 - 2, 3 - 3, 4 - 1, 4 - 2, and 4 - 3) and 3 nucleic acids (12, 14, and 15) were isolated from the velvet antler for the first time. 6 kinds of steroids (7, 8, 9, 2 - 1, 3 - 1, and 4 - 1) were examined for their anti-proliferative effects against L1210, P388D1, K562, MEG-01, KG-1, MOLT-4, A549, HepG2, MCF-7, SK-OV-3, and SW-620 cancer cell lines. They showed anti-proliferative effects with $IC_{50}$ values of 0.06, 2.16, 2.42, > 50.0, 1.66 and $8.31{\mu}M$ against L1210, while the values were 24.05, 9.44, 5.22, 0.25. 9.48 and $49.77{\mu}M$ against P388D1, respectively. The others were inactive.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.5-10
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• 2008

This study was conducted to isolate protein components from culture supernatant of Lactobacillus casei. and measure anti-cancer activity. The protein components were isolated A and B on Ultrafiltration membrane(3, 10, 30, 100 KDa). And the protein components A and B were isolated fractions(number $3{\sim}9$) on FPLC. Experimental studies were progressed through the cell cytotoxicity and anti-cancer activities. Cell cytotoxicity test using human kidney normal cell(293) showed cytotoxicity of below 20% by the protein components A and B($100{\mu}g/mL$). The anti-cancer activity was increased up to 70% by the protein components A and B($100{\mu}g/mL$) in AGS(stomach cancer), A549(lung cancer), MCF-7 (breast cancer), SK-OV-3(ovary cancer) and LoVo(colon cancer). Cell cytotoxicity test was showed cytotoxicity of about 50% by the fractions(number 3, 8, 9) isolated FPLC. The others have not the cytotoxicity about the human normal cell. The anti-cancer activity was increased up to 70% by the fraction number 7 in cancer cell line. Therefore the components isolated from culture supernatant of Lactobacillus casei were showed anti-cancer activity.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.209-227
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• 2010

One type of innovative multimedia platform environments is mobile data services (MDS), exemplified by Nate, Show, and OZ. In the context of MDS, enhancing user's continuance intention is a significant challenge to the continuing growth and long-term viability of MDS. Because the cost of using MDS is borne mainly by users, they are likely to evaluate it based on perceptions of what is received and what is given. This study identifies perceived usefulness and perceived enjoyment as the 'get'components, and perceived fee and perceived anxiety as the 'give' components. To understand the role of get and give components in the MDS post-adoption environment, this study incorporates these components into expectation confirmation model. We collected data from 204 users who had direct experiences with MDS within recent 3 months. The data was analyzed by employing PLS (partial least squares). Theoretical and practical implications of our findings are discussed.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.151-175
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• 2015

Although three types of the information security measures (technical, physical and managerial ones) are all together critical to maintaining information security in the organizations and should be implemented at the same time, this study aims at providing theoretical basis of establishing and implementing effective managerial security measures. The rationale behind this research objective is that it is very important to effectively perform the managerial security measures to achieve the target performance level of the technical and the physical security measures because main agents of practicing the information security measures in the organizations are staff members even though the technical and the physical ones are well constructed and implemented. In particular, this study intends to develop and propose the theoretical model applicable to providing the way of improving organizational members' intention to use information security technologies since the very intention to use them is essential to effectively establishing and promoting managerial security measures. In order to achieve the objective of this study, the factors critical to influencing upon the intention to use information security technologies are derived through systematically reviewing related theories and previous studies, and then the research model and hypotheses are proposed by logically reasoning the casual relationship among the these factors. Also, the empirical analyses are performed by conducting the survey of the organization members of domestic large companies and analyzing the structural equation model by PLS (Partial Least Squares) method. The significant results of this study can contribute to expanding the research area of managerial information security and can be applied to suggesting the practical guidelines for effectively establishing and implementing the managerial security measures in various organizations.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2017.04a
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• pp.83-83
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• 2017

국내에 유통되는 제초날은 대부분 금속으로 제작되며, 금속 날의 대부분 탄소공구강(SK-3~5)으로 제작되고, 날 수 및 날 형태에 따라 2도 날, 3도 날, 4도 날, 8도 날, 톱날로 구분된다. 대부분 평지 제초작업에 사용되고, 고랑 제초 작업에 알맞은 제초날의 없어 고랑 제초 작업의 효율이 떨어진다. 본 연구는 굴곡이 있는 밭의 고랑 제초 작업에 효율적인 원형 제초날을 설계 하고자 한다. 밭작물의 제초작업은 굴곡이 있는 이랑과 고랑 사이의 잡초를 제거해야 하기 때문에 평지의 잡초를 제거하는 제초날로는 제초작업이 거의 불가능하다. 따라서 고랑 형상에 맞는 원형 제초날을 설계 하였으며, 회전 균형 및 무게의 균일성 설계가 쉬운 뼈대형 원형 제초날을 설계한 후 데이터를 이용하여 원형 제초날을 설계하였다. 또한 고랑의 잡초 뿌리부분을 제거하기 위해 원형 제초날에 돌출부를 추가하는 방법으로 설계하였다. 제초날은 밭작물 고랑폭을 기준으로 하여 높이는 85mm 직경은 300mm로 설계하였으며, 제초날 설계시 원형 제초날은 뼈대형 원형 제초날과 같이 고랑폭을 기준으로 하여 높이 및 직경을 뼈대형 원형 제초날과 동일한 치수로 설계하였다. 원형 제초날 설계에서 돌출부를 볼트 결착방식으로 설계하였으며, 회전중 돌출부의 파손 혹은 이탈을 방지하기 위하여 직경 5mm이상의 볼트 결착이 필요하였다. 볼트 결착방식은 제초날 조립후 제초날 회전시 고랑의 잡초를 효과적으로 제거하기 위한 작업공간 확보가 어려울 것으로 판단되었다. 따라서 제초날 원형부에 돌출부를 절단 절곡하는 방식으로 돌출부를 재설계하였으며, 돌출부 길이는 안쪽 부분 15mm, 바깥 부분 20mm로 설계하고, 돌출부 회전반경은 안쪽 날 20mm, 바깥 날 10mm로 설계하였다. 일반적인 제초날 과 달리 원형 제초날을 개발하기 위해서 회전균형과 안전이 제초날 설계에 중요한 요인이 된다. 뼈대형 제초날을 통하여 제초날의 균형 데이터를 분석하였고 이를 바탕으로 원형 제초날을 설계하였다. 또한 발란싱 머신을 이용한 회전시험에서 unbalance 정도가 3,600rpm에서 4.51/47.1deg로 나타나 제초기에 적용 가능할 것으로 판단되었다.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.1-27
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• 2008

In a power-asymmetry relationship like franchise system, a high dependent franchisee must often rely on its powerful partner. Therefore, in order to build up 'win-win' systems, therefore channel members should increase trust and commitment each other to enhance the relationship quality to sustain long-term cooperative relationships. First of all, to increase the relationship quality in franchise system, franchisor should increase franchisee's perception of the powerful franchisor's justice. The point of this research, I established basic hypotheses and comparative hypotheses to examine franchisor's behavior what franchisee expected which influences on franchisee's attitude and behavior in power - asymmetry relationship in franchise system. For the purpose of the empirical testing, managers of franchisee in the food service industry of Korea had been selected and analyzed, and major findings in this study as follow: First, the relational norm between franchisor and franchisee increased both distributive justice and procedural justice, especially relational norm had more effect on procedural justice than distributive justice. Second, distributive justice increased both economic commitment and social commitment while procedural justice just increased social commitment only but economic commitment. So, on the relational commitment, distributive justice was more important element than procedural justice. On the other hand, procedural justice had indirect effect on economic commitment through distributive and social commitment.