• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.493-500
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• 2008

This paper describes a design of internal frequency modulation(FM) radio antenna fur mobile terminal. In order to control of impedance at an operating frequency of the designed antenna, the lumped constant elements of R and L chip components are used. Patch and stubs located at antenna backside are added to control an exact resonance frequency and miniaturization. A fabricated antenna sire, the measured return loss, impedance, bandwidth, and gain are $40{\times}70{\times}1$ mm, -23 dB at 99 MHz, $55-j7{\Omega}$, 22 MHz($88{\sim}110$ MHz) below -10 dB, and -15 dBi, respectively. These measured results show a good agreement with simulated results. Especially, the measured gain of fabricated antenna is similar with value of a conventional ear-phone antenna in the designed frequency band. The measured radiation pattern agrees well with the calculated omni-directional pattern.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.1371-1377
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• 2002

During a 5-yr period, 1994-1998, pre-weaning and weaning data were collected on 591 calves produced by mating either straightbred Jersey, straightbred Limousin or $F_1$ (Limousin${\times}$Jersey) bulls to mature purebred Jersey or Limousin cows. Traits recorded included birth and weaning weight, height, length, girth, fat depth and a measure of muscle (ratio of stifle to hip width expressed as a percentage). All traits were analyzed assuming a model with sire and dam random effects that included effects of year and date of birth, sex, breed and year${\times}$sex interaction. Main effects were generally significant with few exceptions. Direct genetic effects were large for weight, height, girth and muscle with a breed trend from purebred Jersey (small) to purebred Limousin (large). At weaning, the maternal effect of the Jersey dam was positive for weight (10.9${\pm}$4.9 kg), girth (3.7${\pm}$1.0 cm) and muscle (6.0${\pm}$0.9%). Heterosis was highly significant and positive only for fat depth (1.5${\pm}$0.2 mm) with the $F_1$ progeny being the fattest, followed by the backcrosses, then purebred Jersey and purebred Limousin. Also, significant (p<0.001) but negative heterosis was observed for weight, girth and muscle. The change in ranking for fat depth relative to other traits is a reflection of the large heterotic effects relative to direct effects on fat depth. Epistatic effects were not significant on any trait at birth or weaning. This study has indicated the possibility of exploiting the positive heterotic and maternal effects for fat depth and muscularity to meet specific meat quality and quantity demand by consumers.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.1250-1256
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• 2002

A novel fine-mapping method exploiting linkage disequilibrium (LD) was applied to better refine the quantitative trait loci (QTL) positions for milk production traits on bovine chromosome 14 in the pedigree comprising 22 paternal half-sib families of a Black-and-White Holstein-Friesian grand-daughter design in the Netherlands for a total of 1,034 sons. The chromosome map was constructed with the 31 genetic markers spanning 90 Kosambi cM with the average inter-marker distance of 3.5 cM. The linkage analyses, in which the effects of sire QTL alleles were assumed random and the random factor of the QTL allelic effects was incorporated into the Animal Model, found the QTL for milk, fat, and protein yield and fat and protein % with the Lod scores of 10.9, 2.3, 6.0, 25.4 and 3.2, respectively. The joint analyses including LD information by use of multi-marker haplotypes highly increased the evidence of the QTL (Lod scores were 25.1, 20.9, 11.0, 85.7 and 17.4 for the corresponding traits, respectively). The joint analyses including DGAT markers in the defined haplotypes again increased the QTL evidence and the most likely QTL positions for the five traits coincided with the position of the DGAT gene, supporting the hypothesis of the direct causal involvement of the DGAT gene. This study strongly indicates that the exploitation of LD information will allow additional gains of power and precision in finding and localising QTL of interest in livestock species, on the condition of high marker density around the QTL region.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.10
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• pp.1261-1267
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• 2010

Milk production traits are important economic traits for dairy cattle. The aim of the present study was to refine the position of previously detected quantitative trait loci (QTL) on bovine chromosome 6 affecting milk production traits in Chinese Holstein dairy cattle. A daughter design with 918 daughters from 8 elite sire families and 14 markers spanning the previously identified QTL region were used in the analysis. We employed a combined linkage and linkage disequilibrium analysis (LDLA) approach with two options for calculating the IBD probabilities, one was based on haplotypes of all 14 markers (named Method 1) and the other based on haplotypes with sliding windows of 5 markers (named Method 2). For milk fat yield, the two methods revealed a highly significant QTL located within a 6.5 cM interval (Method 1) and a 4.0 cM interval (Method 2), respectively. For milk protein yield, a highly significant QTL was detected within a 3.0 cM interval (Method 1) or a 2.5 cM interval (Method 2). These results confirmed the findings of our previous study and other studies, and greatly narrowed down the QTL positions.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.1634-1640
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to compare pork characteristics and to determine consumer acceptability of pork chops from antibiotic free Yorkshire crossbreds sired by Berkshire (BY), Large Black (LBY), Tamworth (TY) or Yorkshire (YY) boars and reared in hoop houses. The experiments were conducted at the North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University (NCA&TSU) Farm in Greensboro, NC and the Cherry Research Station Center for Environmental Farming Systems (CEFS) Alternative Swine Unit in Goldsboro, NC (source of antibiotic free Yorkshire sows used at both places). Twenty-four sows were artificially inseminated at each location in each of three trials. Litters were weaned at 4 wks old, and reared within deep-bedded outdoor hoop houses. To compare pork characteristics, 104 randomly selected animals were harvested at a USDA-inspected abattoir at approximately 200 d of age. Variables measured included pH, color score, $L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$, marbling score, drip loss, hot carcass weight, backfat thickness (BF), loin muscle area (LMA), and slice shear force. Sensory panel tests were also conducted at two time periods. The data was analyzed with GLM in SAS 9.01 including location, trial, and sire breed as fixed effects. Backfat thickness, LMA, color score and $a^*$ were different among breeding groups (p<0.05). The LBY pigs had thicker backfat and smaller LMA than the other breed types. The TY and YY had less backfat than all other breed groups. Color score was lower for YY than BY and LBY but intermediate for TY. The $a^*$ was lower for TY than other breeds except LBY which was intermediate. For one sensory panel test, YY pork was more preferred overall as well as for juiciness and texture compared to BY and LBY (p<0.05), but no impact of breed type was noted for the other test, with values similar for BY, LBY, TY and YY pork. This information may help small farmers make decisions about breed types to use for outdoor production.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.1700-1713
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• 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to verify the usefulness of artificial neural networks (ANN), multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), naïve Bayes classifier (NBC), general discriminant analysis (GDA), and logistic regression (LR) for dystocia detection in Polish Holstein-Friesian Black-and-White heifers and cows and to indicate the most influential predictors of calving difficulty. Methods: A total of 1,342 and 1,699 calving records including six categorical and four continuous predictors were used. Calving category (difficult vs easy or difficult, moderate and easy) was the dependent variable. Results: The maximum sensitivity, specificity and accuracy achieved for heifers on the independent test set were 0.855 (for ANN), 0.969 (for NBC), and 0.813 (for GDA), respectively, whereas the values for cows were 0.600 (for ANN), 1.000 and 0.965 (for NBC, GDA, and LR), respectively. With the three categories of calving difficulty, the maximum overall accuracy for heifers and cows was 0.589 (for MARS) and 0.649 (for ANN), respectively. The most influential predictors for heifers were an average calving difficulty score for the dam's sire, calving age and the mean yield of the farm, where the heifer was kept, whereas for cows, these additionally included: calf sex, the difficulty of the preceding calving, and the mean daily milk yield for the preceding lactation. Conclusion: The potential application of the investigated models in dairy cattle farming requires, however, their further improvement in order to reduce the rate of dystocia misdiagnosis and to increase detection reliability.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.10D no.7
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• pp.1127-1136
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• 2003

Estimation of software project cost, effort and duration in the early stage of software development cycle is a difficult and key problem in software engineering. Most of models estimate the development effort using the function point that is measured from the requirement specification. This paper presents optimal team size and duration prediction based on function point in order to provide information that can be used as a guide in selecting the most Practical and productive team size for a software development project. We introduce to productive metrics and cost for decision criteria of ideal team size and duration. The experimental is based on the analysis of 300 development and enhancement software project data. These data sets are divide in two subgroups. One is a development project; the other is a maintenance project. As a result of evaluation by productivity and cost measured criteria in two subgroups, we come to the conclusion that the most successful projects has small teams and minimum duration. Also, I proposed that predictive model for team sire and duration according to function point size based on experimental results. The presented models gives a criteria for necessary team site and duration according to the software size.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.112-117
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• 2012

This report evaluated the convenience and accessibility of a penile translocation surgery in the lateral recumbency of a calf using a tilt-up mobile compared with that of dorsal recumbency on the ground of a barn. One nine-month-old F-1 (Korean native sire x Holstein dam) calf was sedated with xylazine (0.03 mg/kg, IV) and restrained in the right lateral recumbency position on a tilt-up restraint mobile (90 cm high), whereas the other nine-month-old Korean native calf was administered xylazine (0.3 mg/kg, IV) and restrained in dorsal recumbency position on the ground of a barn, with assistance by one person. For the two calves, lidocaine was administered subcutaneously from the preputial orifice to the S-shaped penis. The preputial orifice was incised, and the preputial sheath and penis were separated bluntly, then laterally translocated to the site toward the left flank at a $40^{\circ}$ angle. Anti-inflammatory drug (ketoprofen) and antibiotics (penicillin) were administered following the surgery. The duration of surgery was 30 min shorter in the calf that received the surgery in lateral recumbency using the tilt-up mobile with operator's standing posture (60 min) than the one that underwent surgery in dorsal recumbency on the ground with operator's bending posture (90 min). One week after the surgery, the operation area, including the translocated preputial orifice, was healed without complications in both cases. The results detailed in this report demonstrate that penile translocation surgery in the lateral recumbency position using a tilt-up mobile might be used conveniently in calves due to the convenience of restraint, reduced surgery time, and reduced physical inconvenience for the surgeon.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.15-27
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• 2001

To identify an antioxidant system, Se and Vit. E were administered into Hanwoo young sire and the effects of administration on blood components(Se, Vit. E, chemical values, estradiol-17 $\beta$, testosterone) were examined. The 16 heads ranging from twenty to thirty two months of age were randomly assigned to control group, Se-administered group(Se-group), Vit. E-administered group(Vit. E-group) and Se and Vit. E administered group(Se and Vit. E-group). Each reagent (Se : 0.1 mg, Vit. E . 1,500IU, Se+vit. E : 0.1 mg+1,500IU per kg of body weight, respectively) administered 3 times every 30days by intramuscular injection. Se concentration in serum was higher in Se-group and Se and Vit. E-group than in control group and Se and Vit. E-group also was higher than Vit. E-group(p<0.05). Although all Se-, Vit. E-administered groups were a little higher than control group, the injection of Se and Vit. E were not significant effect on Vit. E concentration in serum(p>0.05). All groups showed significant variance by periods, but there were not significantly different among groups in blood chemical values. The estradiol-17 $\beta$ concentrations of all Se-, Vit. E-administered groups were a little higher than those of control group, but there were not significant(p>0.05). There have no significant difference among groups in testosterone concentration. These results indicate that the administration of Se, Se + Vit. E increase Se concentration in Hanwoo young bull.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.187-195
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• 1986

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of hatching time on body weights and body measurements in White Plymouth Rock selected for female lines of broiler parents stock, Thirty cockerels were mated to 300 hens and the hatching eggs produced by each hen were pedigreed for sire and dam. The total of 975 chickens were classified into 14 groups by hatching time and their body weights and body measurements were recorded every 2 weeks. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The body weight at 4,6 and 8 weeks of age, and the length of keel and shank were decreased as hatching times were delayed. Correlation coefficient between hatching tine and body weights or body measurements was negative. 2. Chickens from strain D were hatched 7.4 hours later in male and 7.2 hours in female than chickens from strain C and the growth rate of strain C was superior to that of. strain D.