• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.62-72
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• 2016

This study investigated the dynamics associated with prolonged ensiling and aerobic deterioration of whole crop corn (WCC) silages and total mixed ration (TMR) silages containing WCC (C-TMR silages) to clarify the differences that account for the enhanced aerobic stability of TMR silages. Laboratory-scale barrel silos were randomly opened after 7, 14, 28, and 56 d of ensiling and were subjected to analyses of fermentation quality, microbial and temperature dynamics during aerobic exposure. WCC and C-TMR silages were both well preserved and microorganisms were inhibited with prolonged ensiling, including lactic acid bacteria. Yeast were inhibited to below the detection limit of 500 cfu/g fresh matter within 28 d of ensiling. Aerobic stability of both silages was enhanced with prolonged ensiling, whereas C-TMR silages were more aerobically stable than WCC silages for the same ensiling period. Besides the high moisture content, the weak aerobic stability of WCC silage is likely attributable to the higher lactic acid content and yeast count, which result from the high water-soluble carbohydrates content in WCC. After silo opening, yeast were the first to propagate and the increase in yeast levels is greater than that of other microorganisms in silages before deterioration. Besides, increased levels of aerobic bacteria were also detected before heating of WCC silages. The temperature dynamics also indicated that yeast are closely associated with the onset of the aerobic deterioration of C-TMR silage, whereas for WCC silages, besides yeast, aerobic bacteria also function in the aerobic deterioration. Therefore, the inclusion of WCC might contribute to the survival of yeast during ensiling but not influence the role of yeast in deterioration of C-TMR silages.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.343-357
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• 2014

As science and technology infiltrates every aspects of modern society in terms of economic and social growth and development, funding for research and development (R&D) is growing rapidly. Republic of Korea is not an exception in this trend and the R&D funding in Korea has been grown about 10% every year, recently. However, as the scope and size of funding grows exponentially, need for monitoring and managing these R&D projects becoming more and more imminent. Though different types of project management systems were developed by a variety of agencies and departments and used in monitoring and managing, these systems were developed as standalone silo type systems. These systems are not connected to each other while the same researchers may involved in different projects across agencies and department. Also, these management systems are not linked to the banking systems in which real transactions of funding occurs, such as cost reimbursement and financial audit of each R&D accounts. Historically, a few fraud and malappropriation cases were found and indicted. However, as the number of these incidents grows along with the growth of R&D funding, a large scale integration/linking of project management systems and banking systems. Realizing the importance of systems integration among agencies as well as with the banking systems, situational requirements analyses were conducted concerning the current state of R&D management system. As a results, a Real-time Case Management System (RCMS) was proposed as a solution to current problems. In this paper, the collected systems requirements were documents with analyses of the situation, the architecture of the integrated systems with more user-friendly technological alternatives. This large scale linkage requires interface standardization as well as modularization of interfaces. Proposed systems architecture is introduced here with technical details of Jex Framework used,, followed by resulting technical and economic performance of the Realtime Cashflow Management System (RCMS).

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.163-168
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of bacterial inoculation (Lactobacillus plantarum) and cutting height on the chemical composition, fermentation characteristics and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) in whole crop barley silage. Barley forage (Youngyang hybrid) was harvested at about 27% of dry matter (DM) level at two different cutting height (5 vs. 15 cm). And it was chopped to 5 cm length and treated with or without L. plantarum. Four replicates of each treatment were ensiled into 10 L mini silo (3 kg) for 100 days. After 100 days, bacterial inoculation decreased (p=0.001) DM content, while increased cutting height increased (p=0.002) DM in uninoculated silage. Crude protein (CP) concentration was decreased by increasing height in uninoculated silage (8.84 vs. 8.16) but increased in inoculated silage (8.19 vs. 8.99). Both neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (p<0.011) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) (p<0.004) were decreased by increasing cutting height of forage at harvest. The IVDMD and ammonia-N was increased (p=0.001) by increasing cutting height and inoculation, respectively. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) was increased (p=0.002) in inoculated silage, but yeast count was decreased (p=0.026) in uninoculated silages. It is concluded that increased cutting height of forage at harvest could be useful to make a fibrous portion with increase of dry matter digestibility of silages.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 1996.06c
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• pp.539-546
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• 1996

The physical condition of rapeseed delivered to fat industry plants plays a significant role in the formation of the qualitative features of the raw material for oil production and, consequently , of the oil itself. Rapeseed is stored in silos , frequently for months, before it is subjected to processing. During the long storage, the conditions of the seed cover is very important, as the seed cover provides natural protection of the seed against the effect of the environment. Seeds with damaged seed cover are more easily affected by mildew, and the rate of chemical processes. Deteriorating the quality of oil contained in the cotyledons is faster in such seeds. Cracked seed covers facilitates also the growth and development of microorgaism. So as rapeseed damage occurring inthe course of harvest and the post-harvest processing have a negative effect of the quality and quantity of oil the sees contain. The study presented here was aimed at examining the typical process of purcha ing and handling of rapeseed in fat industry plants, in the aspect of the occurrence of mechanical damage to the seeds. Special attention was paid to the condition of rapeseed immediately after combine harvesting : next , the successive stages of technological handling of the seed were examined. observing the operation parameters of the particular machinery and equipment in order to identify those operations which caused deterioration in the quality of the material (sees). Seed samples were taken successively from the following the hopper, prior to cleaning , after cleaning , prior to drying , after drying, from dry rape silo. The total level of damage increased through the handling. The content of unusable contaminants had the tendency to decrease in the successive operations. though the actual values still exceeded levels permitted by standards. The study allow to indicate the operation fo postharvest technological process, which cause the most seed damage as well as gave quantita ive description of the losses occurred.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.81-81
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• 2001

초지 공정은 wire, roll, pump등의 회전체로 이루어진 공정이 거의 대부분이기 때문에 주기적으로 변동하는 성분들이 많고, QCS(Quality Control System) 및 DCS(Distributed Co n ntrol System)상에 서 의 자동 Control Logic에 의 한 불안정 (Fluctuation)요소도 내 재 되 어 있 어 이에 대한 분석이 필요하다. 이러한 주기적인 변동은 제품의 여러 물성(평량, 두께, 광택 도등) 에 영향을 미치게 되어 품질의 균일성이나 프로파일에 영향을 미치게 된다. 따라서 공정상이나 품질에서 주기적으로 변동하는 성분을 추출하여 공정 각 성분과 연관을 시키변 품질에 나타나는 주기적 성분의 요인이 어느 부분에서 기인하는 지를 직접적으로 찾아낼 수 있고 이의 개선을 통해 품질의 균일성 및 프로파일 향상을 꾀할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 Air padded type 헤드박스 초지기에서 DAQ(Data Acquisition) System 을 이용하여 각 공정별로 MD(Machine Direction)방향으로의 변동을 측정하고 제품의 물성 변동과 비교하였다. DAQ System은 각 공정상의 전기적 신호를 높은 주파수 영역까지 다채널로 동시에 받 아 들일 수 있는 장치로 이 시스템을 활용하여 공정상의 Machine chest 농도, Stock box 유량 및 레벨, Fan pump RPM, Cleaner압력, Screen압력, H!B압력 및 레벨, Silo level등 공 정요소의 변동상태와 상호영향을 분석하였다. 이러한 공정 각 요소의 변동과 MD 방향의 제품 물성 값(Tapio, Paper Variation Analyzer에 대한 비교 분석결과 제품 평량에서 주기적인 변동성분을 확인할 수 있었고 이중 큰 비 중을 차지하는 것이 fνB 레벨 변동주기와 일치하는 것을 찾아낼 수 있었다. 이에 근거하여 D DCS system의 control 요소인 튜닝 parameter(P,I 값)들을 미 세 조정 하여 제 품의 MD방향 평량 변동 진폭을 기존 수준의 30% 수준으로 감소시킬 수 있었다. 그 결과 COV(표준편차/ 평량)값을 0.8-1.2%에서 0.6-0.8%수준으로 낮출 수 있었고 이에 따라 CD (Cross Direction) 방향의 제품 Profile도 함께 개선되는 효과를 거둘 수 있었다.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.60-67
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• 1991

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of starch addition on the fermentative quality and dry matter digestibility(DMD) of Kudzu(Puerari~ thzmbergii Bentham) silage. The herbages was ensiled by the conventional methods in small plastic silo of 7.5 liters with addition of starch of 0 %, 2 %, 4 74, 6 % and 8 %, respectivery. The samples of kudzu silage were separated into leaf and stem, and was determined the pH, organic acid and characteristics of fiber such as neutral detergent fiber(NDF), acid detergent liber(ADF) and acid detergent lignin(ADL). The DMD of leaf and stem silage were evaluated by pepsin-cellulase technique method. The energy values(tota1 digestible nutrients, TDN; digestible energy, DE; metaboliz;~bie energy. ME) were calculated by DMD. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The fiberous meterials(such as NDF, AIIF and ADL) of leaf and stem were decreased with increasing levels of starch(p

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.169-174
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of feed resources and collection system of nonconventional agricultural roughages, and reduction of environment pollution by turning non-conventional agricultural roughages to feed resources and diversification of feed supply. And a series of experiment were conducted to determine the effect of moisture control material on quality of sweet potato stalk, peanut stalk, barley straw, the experiments were conducted at Grassland and Forage Crops Division, National Livestock Research Institute, RDA, Suwon in 1999 and 2000. The results obtained from these experiments are summarized as follows; Acid detergent fiber(ADF), neutral detergent fiber(NDF) and total digestible nutrient(TDN) of sweet potato were 38.8, 50.7 and 58.2% in the control silage, but that of rice straw added silage for moisture control were decreased to 41.5, 50.8 and 56.1%. ADF, NDF, CP(crude protein) and TDN of peanut stalk were 42.2, 49.6, 10.5 and 55.6% on the rice straw added silage for moisture control, and there were not affected by barely straw added silage for moisture control. And ADF, NDF and TDN content of barely straw increased 42.8, 65.8 and 55.1% on the water+inoculants treated silage. The results of this study indicate that non-conventional agricultural roughages to feed resources should be make for silage at silo after dry matter percentage(ab0ut 35%) control. Also, rice straw added silage for moisture control will improve the silage fermentation and conservation. (Key words : Feed resources, Non-conventional agriculture, Fermentation, Inoculant, Rice straw)

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.209-220
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• 1997

DBS offers actual services to mass-media and communication system of very broad region in information society. Especially, the DBS is the only system to access TV broadcasting service on a sailing ship. But the ship's DBS receiver is required a complex antenna tracking system because ships are under complex moving such as pitch, roll, and yaw etc. This study is motivated to develop a tracking antenna system to receive the koreasat on small silo ship. Therefore, this system is researched to small size, light weight, simple operation, and low cost of the product. The mount structure have been a compact size and easy operation to the Az/El 2-axis type which is operated by step motor. And it is very useful on a ship in the around sea of korean peninsula. The antenna has a plate type of micro-strip array, and is a domestic production. The vibration sensor is selected to gyro sensor of ultra-sonic rate type for ship's moving control. Tracking method is used the step-tracking algorithm, and the ship's moving compensation is adapted to the closed loop control method by ship's moving detection of gyro sensor. Tracking test is operated by the ship's moving simulator, we examined the actual receiving state on sailing shipboard in the near sea of korean peninsular.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2013.06a
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• pp.60-61
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• 2013

One of the most important indicators for measuring service level and productivity of the port may be a demurrage rate. Currently, in the case of grain terminal of Busan North Port, demurrage rate are recognized at a very high level, in order to improve this, it is tilted more effort operational. In order to reduce the demurrage, there is a way expansion of facility of hardware, such as the replacement of aging equipment, and how manipulative assignment rules of the apparatus of the operation on the software side, such as changing the order of facility allocation. If the financial reasons are out of question, it is possible to expand to reduce the demurrage rate by operational way. Therefore this paper deals with how to operate some of the allocation rules and silo allocation rules of equipment to reduce the work hours with model and how to operate basic equipment and grain terminal of Busan North Port want to be seen by comparative analysis.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.1473-1479
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• 2009

This study have been carried out as a part of R&D project to develop a low cost high efficiency combined grain drying & storage system. The design of sweeping auger must meet the various conditions : capacity and dimensions of silo, discharging capacity of auger, operation conditions of auger such as revolution and rotation and density of grains and even the first-in & first-out of grains in the system. Through the experimental observations with the apparatus which enables the direct observation of discharging behavior of grains, the limitations of the performance of existing straight type auger was observed. Generalized mathematical model for the profile of new variable section sweeping auger was obtained, which ensures the uniform descending of grains and also meets various operating conditions. The experimental results with a prototype sweeping auger showed that the mathematical model for the variable section sweeping auger was quitely correct.