• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.82-88
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• 2021

원격탐사 기법을 이용하여 산출된 태양 유도 엽록소 형광(Sun-Induced Fluorescence, SIF)을 통해 식생의 광합성 효율 및 스트레스 상태를 이해하기 위한 노력이 세계적으로 진행되고 있다. 최근 SIF 관측을 위한 광학 기기 개발과 SIF 산출 방법론이 정립되고 있으나 아직 국내에서는 SIF 관측이 드물며 관측 자료의 수도 적다. 본고에서는 나주에서 2020년 6월 10일부터 2020년 10월 5일까지 벼 생육기간 동안 광학 기기를 이용하여 관측된 SIF 자료를 공개하였다. SFM 방법과 iFLD 방법으로 O2A과 O2B 흡수 대역의 SIF를 산출하였으며, 광합성 유효 복사량에 대한 정보도 제공하였다. 또한, 태양천정각, 센서의 광 포화상태, 관측 순간의 태양광의 급격한 변화, 태양광 정반사 영향 등을 고려하여 품질이 낮은 SIF 자료를 필터링하였다. 본 자료를 통해 연구자들이 SIF에 대한 이해를 높이고, 제안된 SIF 자료 필터링 방법으로 SIF 산출물 품질관리에 도움이 될 것으로 기대한다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.371-385
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Soy isoflavone (SIF) and soy lecithin (SL) have beneficial effects on many chronic diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases. Regretfully, there is little evidence to show the combined effects of these soy extractives on the impairment of cognition and abnormal cerebral blood flow (CBF). This study examined the optimal combination dose of SIF + SL to provide evidence for improving CBF and protecting cerebrovascular endothelial cells. MATERIALS/METHODS: In vivo study, SIF50 + SL40, SIF50 + SL80 and SIF50 + SL160 groups were obtained. Morris water maze, laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI), and hematoxylin-eosin staining were used to detect learning and memory impairment, CBF, and damage to the cerebrovascular tissue in rat. The 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and the oxidized glutathione (GSSG) were detected. The anti-oxidative damage index of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) in the serum of an animal model was also tested. In vitro study, an immortalized mouse brain endothelial cell line (bEND.3 cells) was used to confirm the cerebrovascular endothelial cell protection of SIF + SL. In this study, 50 µM of Gen were used, while the 25, 50, or 100 µM of SL for different incubation times were selected first. The intracellular levels of 8-OHdG, SOD, GSH, and GSSG were also detected in the cells. RESULTS: In vivo study, SIF + SL could increase the target crossing times significantly and shorten the total swimming distance of rats. The CBF in the rats of the SIF50 + SL40 group and SIF50 + SL160 group was enhanced. Pathological changes, such as attenuation of the endothelium in cerebral vessels were much less in the SIF50 + SL40 group and SIF50 + SL160 group. The 8-OHdG was reduced in the SIF50 + SL40 group. The GSSG showed a significant decrease in all SIF + SL pretreatment groups, but the GSH showed an opposite result. SOD was upregulated by SIF + SL pretreatment. Different combinations of Genistein (Gen)+SL, the secondary proof of health benefits found in vivo study, showed they have effective anti-oxidation and less side reaction on protecting cerebrovascular endothelial cell. SIF50 + SL40 in rats experiment and Gen50 + SL25 in cell test were the optimum joint doses on alleviating cognitive impairment and regulating CBF through protecting cerebrovascular tissue by its antioxidant activity. CONCLUSIONS: SIF+SL could significantly prevent cognitive defect induced by β-Amyloid through regulating CBF. This kind of effect might be attributed to its antioxidant activity on protecting cerebral vessels.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.431-439
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 LPG(Liquefied Petroleum Gas) 인수기지에 대해 HAZOP(Hazard and Operability), LOPA(Layer of Protection Analysis) 및 SIL(Safety Integrity Level) 위험성 평가기법을 적용하여, 국내 LPG 인수기지 중 사고발생시 피해영향이 가장 큰 부탄 및 프로판 저장탱크를 중심으로, 사고위험성을 감소시킬 수 있는 방안을 고찰하였다. HAZOP 기법을 통해 잠재위험성을 분석하여 사고시나리오를 도출하고, 사고피해영향이 큰 시나리오를 선정하여 LOPA를 분석하였다. LOPA 분석시에는 해당시나리오에 대한 IPL(Independent Protection Layer)을 분석하여 완화된 결과의 빈도를 도출한 후, 설정된 위험성 허용기준($1.0{\times}10^{-05}$/년)에 대한 충족여부를 판단하였다. LOPA의 독립방호계층으로서 SIF(Safety Instrumented Functions)의 경제성을 분석하여 SIF가 현장의 특성에 맞는 IPL이 되도록 개선안을 제시하였다. 또한, 독립방호계층으로서 해당공정에 사용된 SIF의 수준을 분석해보고, SIF의 수준에 따라 공정의 사고발생빈도가 어느 정도 변화하는지를 당해 공정에서 도출된 사고시나리오를 중심으로 연구하였다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.47-53
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• 1993

The growth of short cracks can be well described in terms of the effective stress intensity factor range, which is calculated on the base of crack closure. The relation between the crack opening SIF and crack length is determined from the experimental results. The crack opening SIF of short cracks, Kop, can be predicted from the crack opening SIF at threshold of long crack, Kop.L. The growth rate of short cracks at notch root can be predicted from the crack opening SIF of short cracks, Kop, and the growth equation of long cracks in region II.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.635-654
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• 2012

This paper studied sports-inspired fashion(SIF) that is often characterized as 'designer clothes inspired by active sportswear.' First, we reviewed the social, economical, artistic, and technological background behind its development. Second, we studied the development history of SIF by classifying it into four periods. Third, we analyzed how SIF emerged and developed with its own characteristics from a historical perspective. For a theoretical background, we did a critical review of previous literature in the field of clothing history, history of culture, and art history. We collected the data from magazines, such as Fashion Show and Gap Press and from the internet sources as well, such as firstviewkorea.com. We also did the content analysis of the data by consulting a chosen group of fashion designers. This study revealed that active sportswear started to develop from everyday clothes for functional convenience in the beginning and then SIF emerged later as a major fashion trend with the popularity of sportive look. This trend became stronger with the global spread of American popular culture. SIF eventually became high fashion with collaboration between sportswear industry and designers. This study confirmed that SIF reflects the characteristics of many sports games in silhouettes, colors, and details. It is predicted that sports will continue to be an important source of inspiration for fashion designers.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.353-361
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• 2001

Recently the boundary element method has been developed swiftly. The boundary element method is an efficient and accurate means for analysis of two dimensional elastic crack problems. This paper is concerned with the evaluation and the prediction of the stress intensity factor(SIF) for the crack emanating from the circular hole using boundary element method-neural network. The SIF of the crack emanating from the hole was calculated by using boundary element method. Neural network is used to evaluate and to predict SIF from the results of boundary element method. The organized neural network system (structure of four processing element) was learned with the accuracy 99%. The learned neural network system could be evaluated and predicted with the accuracy of 83.3% and 71.4% (in cases of SIF and virtual SIF). Thus the proposed boundary element method-neural network is very useful to estimate the SIF.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.32-36
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• 2013

The large-scale structures have the possibility that there are defects such as cracks due to stress concentration caused by geometric discontinuities in the structure. In this respect, the assessment of fatigue life and the development of structural health monitoring(SHM) are very important. Fatigue design of structure is typically accomplished either using a set of stress cycle (S-N) data obtained from fatigue tests or using the fracture mechanics approach. The stress intensity factor(SIF) is required for the estimation of fatigue crack propagation life from the linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) perspective. In this study, Macro Fiber Composie(MFC) sensor for the measurement of SIF of two dimensional cracks is used. The SIF based on the piezoelectric constitutive law and fracture mechanics are calculated. The measured values of the SIF are later used for the prediction of the crack propagation life. In this study, the measured value of the SIF and the fatigue life are compared with the theoretical results.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.2188-2197
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• 2022

To ensure the safety margin of a reactor pressure vessel (RPV) under normal operating conditions, it is regulated through the pressure-temperature (P-T) limit curve. The stress intensity factor (SIF) obtained by the internal pressure and thermal load should be obtained through crack analysis of the nozzle corner crack in advance to generate the P-T limit curve for the nozzle. In the ASME code Section XI, Appendix G, the SIF via the internal pressure for the nozzle corner crack is expressed as a function of the cooling or heating rate, and the wall thickness, however, the SIF via the thermal load is presented as a polynomial format based on the stress linearization analysis results. Inevitably, the SIF can only be obtained through finite element (FE) analysis. In this paper, simple prediction equations of the SIF via the thermal load under, cool-down and heat-up conditions are presented. For the Korean standard nuclear power plant, three geometric variables were set and 72 cases of RPV models were made, and then the heat transfer analysis and thermal stress analysis were performed sequentially. Based on the FE results, simple engineering solutions predicting the value of thermal SIF under cool-down and heat-up conditions are suggested.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.525-539
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• 2014

Bonded composite-patch repair has been widely used to restore or extend the service life of damaged structures due to its effectiveness as a mechanical repair technique. In this paper using extended finite element method (XFEM), three-dimensional crack models are developed to examine the fracture behavior of centrally cracked aluminum plates repaired with single and double sided composite patches. Stress intensity factor (SIF) at the crack tip is used as the fracture criterion. In this regard, the effects of the crack lengths, patch materials, orientation of plies, adhesive and patch thickness are examined to estimate the SIF of the repaired plate and the repair performance. The obtained results show that composite patches have significant effect on reduction of the SIF at the crack tip. It is also proved that using double symmetric repair, in comparison to single one, reduces considerably SIF at the crack tip. Hence, the residual strength can be improved significantly as well as fatigue life of the structure. Investigation of ply orientation effects shows SIF increase as the ply orientation is changed from $0^{\circ}$ (perpendicular to the advancing crack) to $90^{\circ}$ (parallel to the crack line). However, the effectiveness of the ply orientation depends on the loading direction and the crack direction.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.981-989
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• 1995

A new weight function approach to determine SIF(stress intensity factor) using single-layer potential has been presented. The crack surface displacement field was represented by one boundary integral term whose kernel was modified from Kelvin's fundamental solution. The proposed method enables the calculation of SIF using only one SIF solution without any modification for the crack geometries symmetric in two-dimensional plane such as a center crack in a plate with or without an internal hole, double edge cracks, circumferential crack or radial cracks in a pipe. The application procedure to those crack problems is very simple and straightforward with only one SIF solution. The necessary information in the analysis is two reference SIFs. The analysis results using present closed-form solution were in good agreement with those of the literature.