• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.509-519
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• 2003

Purpose: This study was designed to investigate the survey of analyzing nursing interventions and nursing outcomes of the patients with liver transplantation. Method: The subjects of this study consisted of 83 patients and fifteen nurses who took care of them. The methods of this study were retrospective and descriptive survey. Result: The mean age of patients was 42.7 years and the subjects were 62.7% males. 56.7% of these patients were diagnosed with liver cirrhosis of B type. The mean duration of hospitalization was 48.6 days. Ninety-five nursing interventions were performed at least daily. The most frequent used interventions were "environmental management: comfort", "medication administration: parenteral", "cough enhancement", and " oxygen therapy". Even though SGOT level to identify nursing outcomes was decreased, SGOT was not within normal limits. Therefore, even after discharge of patients, There is a need to take care of them carefully. Conclusion: These findings revealed the significance and need of nurse practitioners who performed professional nursing intervention for the patients with liver transplantation. Especially, it is necessary needs to develop the nursing intervention programs for comfort.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.143-154
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• 1998

Background : There have been very few studies conducted on the number and type of microorganisms that remain on the ring finger after handwashing. This study was performed to investigate whether there were changes and differences in the type and number of microorganisms on the ring finger before and after handwashing. Method : The subjects of the study were 15 MICU and SICU staff nurses who were wearing rings. I swabbed two different fingers of the same hand with cotton balls. One finger which had a ring and the other with no ring. I swabbed the fingers of each subject three times(before handwashing, after handwashing with soap, and after handwashing with bethadine solution). After storing them for 48 hours in an incubator, I sent them to the laboratory and recorded the culture results. Results : There was no difference in the type of microorganism, but a major difference in the number of the microorganisms that existed on the finger ring. The results showed that there were much more microorganisms on the ring fingers than on the fingers that did not have rings both before and after handwashing. This tendency was consistent regardless of the handwashing agent. I therefore recommend that all nursing staff who work in general nursing units, as well as nurses who work in the ICU, remove their rings when taking care of the patients.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.1-11
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• 2022

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to not only examine the importance and performance status of patient safety nursing activities in the intensive care unit but also to understand nurses' educational needs in this respect. Methods : In this descriptive study, 196 nurses working in the intensive care units of university hospitals located at B City and G Province were enrolled. They completed the Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) questionnaire, and the data were statistically analyzed. Results : Mean±standard deviation item scores of importance and performance of patient safety nursing activities were 4.75±0.33 and 4.48±0.38, respectively. In the IPA results, a total of 10 items were included in the second quadrant, including 1 item related to 'transfer,' 1 to 'infection,' and 1 to 'firefighting surveillance.' As the second quadrant contains the high-importance, low-performance items, these 10 items resemble the nurses' educational needs that should be prioritized. Conclusion : The results of this study can be used as a basis for the development of nursing educational programs for patient safety in the intensive care unit.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.247-254
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was done to examine the sleep pattern of ICU patients, as well as characteristics of, and factors related to sleep disturbances, and state anxiety. It was done to provide the basic data fur effective nursing interventions to improve quality of sleep for these patients. Methods: The participants were 104 patients who were admitted to the surgical ICU in a hospital in Seoul. To measure sleep patterns, the Verran and Snyder-Halpern Sleep Scale and the Sleeping Scale developed by Oh et al.(1998) were used. Characteristics of sleep disturbances were measured using the Sleep characteristics scale developed by Park(1999). To measure factors related to sleep disturbances, thirty items developed by Oh(1998) were used. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the sleep patterns according to the general characteristics of the patients. The characteristics of sleep disturbances showed statistically significant differences in general and specific characteristics of sleep patterns but there was no statistically significant difference according to the general characteristics of the patients. There were significant negative correlations between factors related to sleep disturbances and general and specific characteristics of sleep patterns but there were no statistically significant difference according to the general characteristics of the patients. Conclusion: The results showed that the majority of patients staying in the surgical ICU experienced sleep disturbances and that the physical factor was the major factor of sleep disturbances.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.359-367
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was a within subject repeated pretest-posttest design done to compare the effect of disinfection and the degree of MRSA(Methicillin- resistant staphylococcus aureus) isolation from hand disinfectant in ICU nurses. Method: Out of the total internal medicine/surgery ICU nurses at a university hospital in Seoul, 29 female nurses who were participating in direct patient care were participants in this study. After collection of samples, Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA were isolated from the palms, nails and nasal cavities of the nurses according to disinfectants (soap and beta-scrub). Results: The effect of disinfection was greater in the beta-scrub group than in the soap group, and the effect of disinfection on palms was higher in the beta-scrub group than in the soap group. As for the degree of MRSA isolation, there was more isolation in palms in the soap group than in the beta-scrub group but there was no difference in the degree of MRSA isolation from the hand disinfectant in nails and nasal cavities. Conclusion: Beta-scrub showed a superior prolonged effect against transient bacteria compared with soap. Further, to reduce MRSA infection, we recommend interventions focused on these aspects.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.73-85
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• 2008

Purpose: To examine effects of application of bronchodilators after endotracheal suction on peak air way pressure (PAP), lung compliance (Cdyn), oxygen saturation ($SpO_2$), heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and respiration rate (RR) in cardiac surgery patients. Method: Data were collected from October 2007 to March 2008. Participants were patients who were treated with bronchodilators through mechanical ventilators in the SICU. At each suctioning, bronchodilators were applied immediately, and at 5, 10, and 15 minutes after suctioning. Besides PAP, Cdyn, $SpO_2$, HR, BP, RR, data on the frequency of side effects were also collected at 15, 30, 60 minutes after nebulization. Data were analyzed using the SAS program. Results: For application of bronchodilator right after suctioning and after, 5, 10 and 15 minutes, PAP and Cdyn did not show any significant differences although PAP was persistently decreased for 15 to 30 minutes and Cdyn increased at 15 minutes and decreased gradually after nebulization. Besides $SpO_2$, HR, BP, and RR, frequency of side effects did not show any significant difference. Conclusion: Bronchodilators can be applied at any time. However, the positive effects of bronchodilation right after suctioning on PAP and Cdyn, as also shown in previous reports, indicate it is a more efficient clinical process to maintain an adequate airway.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.229-246
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• 1998

This dissertation classifies sample patients by a measure of K-DRG to identify the most frequent group. and investigates the differences in the dependency of nursing by patient classification system in the SICU of Seoul National University Hospital in Korea. It also calculates the mean nursing care hours and costs per craniotomy patient, who is shown to be the most frequent patient group. The results of the research can be used as basic data for the development of relevant nursing cost system in the future. The results of the research are as follows: 1. Using data from 97 sample patients, as many as 26 groups are identified when the patients are classified by K-DRG. KDRG-001 (craniotomy) is found to be the most frequent group(43.30%). 2. The result from patient classification system grouping in craniotomy patients shows homogeneity in terms of dependency of nursing with 35 patients in the 4th group, 145 patients(74.36%) are in the 5th group. and 15 patients are in the 6th group among the total 195 sample patients. 3. The direct nursing care hours for the 4th, 5th, and 6th patient classification system groups are found to be 381 minuites. 483 minuites, and 519 minuites, respectively, which shows that the nursing care hours increases as the dependency of nursing is intensified. The indirect nursing care hours are found to be 454 minuites(7.57 hours). The total mean nursing care hours, which is the sum of the direct nursing care hours(467 min.: 7.78 hours) and the indirect nursing care hours (454 min.: 7.57 hours), is 921 minuites(15.35 hours) per patient a day. 4. The nursing care cost is calculated to be 123,297 won per patient a day. Considering the average duration in the ICU, we can find the total nursing care cost is 610,318 won.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the accuracy of general nurses' assessments of pressure ulcers in hospitalized patients. Methods: A total of 129 nursing records of assessments on pressure ulcers were analyzed. Assessment records of pressure ulcers by general nurses were compared to those by Wound, Ostomy, Continence Nurses (WOCN) on the same pressure ulcers. A WOCN of a nursing unit was a nurse certified by the hospital after completion of a formal WOCN course and passing a cyber education course, both offered by the hospital. The formal WOCN course was taught by an internationally certified WOCN. The inter-rater reliability among WOCNs was 98.2%. General nurses in this study did not receive a structured pressure ulcer education. Results: The accuracy for nursing assessment of pressure ulcers by general nurses compared to WOCNs' were evaluated in various ways and resulted in as follows; the existence of pressure ulcer 91.4%, site of pressure ulcer 85.3%, stage of pressure ulcer 85.3%, Braden scale 36.3%, size of pressure ulcer 51.9~64.3%, details of pressure ulcer 0~100%. Conclusion: The structured education about pressure ulcer assessment is important to enhance the accuracy of pressure ulcer assessment of hospitalized patients by general nurses.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.67-78
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was done to investigate knowledge of and compliance with the multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) infection control guidelines among student nurses on clinical practicum, Methods: survey questionnaire on MORO infection control was administered to a convenience sample of 259 nursing students from 3 different nursing schools Results: The mean knowledge score was 28.01/39 (71.82%). The percentages of correct answers for basic concepts, route of transmission, hand washing/ protective devices and environment management, were 55.40, 81.14, 84.94 and 69.17 respectively. The mean compliance score was 3.83/5. The compliance scores for education, communication, contact precaution, environment management, and hand washing were 3.06, 3.33, 3.86, 4.50, 3.92 and 4.29 respectively. 96.9% of subjects knew that they should wash hands after touching MORO patient while only 22.8% of subjects knew how to collect samples for VRE surveillance culture, The highest compliant item was hand washing after touching MORO patient. The Lo-west compliant item was referring to infection control manual. Conclusion: Comprehensive MDRO infection control education programs for nursing students should be developed to decrease MORO infection.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.356-364
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was done to investigate the effects of oral care using 0.12% chlorhexidine and saline solution on oral status, incidence of oral pathogens and pneumonia among children who had cardiac surgery. Methods: The study participants were 84 children who underwent cardiac surgery and were admitted to the SICU of a university hospital. Oral care was provided with 0.12% chlorhexidine to the experimental group (n=43) and with saline solution to the control group (n=41), 3 times a day for 3 days. Before and after the intervention, the oral status, oral swab culture, and CPIS were checked. Results: There was no significant difference in oral status score between the two groups. The incidence of oral pathogens in the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group (t=-5.780, p<.001). The CPIS in experimental group was significantly lower than that of control group (t=-3.665, p<.001). Conclusion: The oral care with 0.12% Chlorhexidine is more effective than with only saline solution for reducing incidence of oral pathogens and pneumonia.