• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.33-39
• /
• 2019

Objective : The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of successful intervention program on SOC strategy and successful aging of the elderly. Methods : Three elderly individuals aged ${\geq}65$ living in W-si, Gangwon-do, were included. A successful aging program using an SOC strategy was conducted twice a week for 6 sessions. To verify the effectiveness of the program, the Korean versions of the SOC scale and the successful aging scale were used. Descriptive statistics were used for general characteristics, and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare successful aging and SOC strategies. Results : After 3 weeks for successful aging program, the SOC strategy levels of the subjects were constant or improved. In addition, the average score of successful aging level increased by 11.4 points. Conclusion : This study show that the successful aging program using the SOC strategy improved the level of SOC strategy and the level of successful aging. The results of this study can be used as basic data to develop programs that can promote SOC strategy and successful aging. Also, the result of this study can be used as a basic data for the development of guidelines for occupational therapists in the future.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.54 no.2
• /
• pp.145-151
• /
• 2021

When manufacturing Alaska pollack Gadus chalcogrammus surimi for 3D printing, it examined the characteristics of physical properties and sensuality by adding polysaccharides alginic acid [0, 1, 2, 3% (w/w)]. As a result of the color value of surimi by adding alginic acid, it showed that the lightness of heated surimi containing 2% (w/w) alginic acid was the highest and ∆E value was the lowest. In the changes in physical properties, the heated surimi of 3% (w/w) alginic acid content showed the lowest values of hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, chewiness and resilience, but the highest adhesiveness. In the case of fried surimi, its hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess, chewiness and resilience were the lowest at the content of 3% (w/w) alginic acid. After 7 days of cold storage, the hardness, gumminess, and chewiness of heated surimi with an alginic acid content of 2% (w/w) were significantly higher, and fried surimi was also the same. In the results of the sensory evaluation, there were significant differences according to the alginic acid content in hardness and fishy smell, and as the alginic acid content increased, it felt more fishy smell, resulting in poor preference.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.46 no.2
• /
• pp.179-198
• /
• 2013

The Boziguoer A-type granitoids in Baicheng County, Xinjiang, belong to the northern margin of the Tarim platform as well as the neighboring EW-oriented alkaline intrusive rocks. The rocks comprise an aegirine or arfvedsonite quartz alkali feldspar syenite, an aegirine or arfvedsonite alkali feldspar granite, and a biotite alkali feldspar syenite. The major rock-forming minerals are albite, K-feldspar, quartz, arfvedsonite, aegirine, and siderophyllite. The accessory minerals are mainly zircon, pyrochlore, thorite, fluorite, monazite, bastnaesite, xenotime, and astrophyllite. The chemical composition of the alkaline granitoids show that $SiO_2$ varies from 64.55% to 72.29% with a mean value of 67.32%, $Na_2O+K_2O$ is high (9.85~11.87%) with a mean of 11.14%, $K_2O$ is 2.39%~5.47% (mean = 4.73%), the $K_2O/Na_2O$ ratios are 0.31~0.96, $Al_2O_3$ ranges from 12.58% to 15.44%, and total $FeO^T$ is between 2.35% and 5.65%. CaO, MgO, MnO, and $TiO_2$ are low. The REE content is high and the total ${\sum}REE$ is $(263{\sim}1219){\times}10^{-6}$ (mean = $776{\times}10^{-6}$), showing LREE enrichment HREE depletion with strong negative Eu anomalies. In addition, the chondrite-normalized REE patterns of the alkaline granitoids belong to the "seagull" pattern of the right-type. The Zr content is $(113{\sim}1246){\times}10^{-6}$ (mean = $594{\times}10^{-6}$), Zr+Nb+Ce+Y is between $(478{\sim}2203){\times}10^{-6}$ with a mean of $1362{\times}10^{-6}$. Furthermore, the alkaline granitoids have high HFSE (Ga, Nb, Ta, Zr, and Hf) content and low LILE (Ba, K, and Sr) content. The Nb/Ta ratio varies from 7.23 to 32.59 (mean = 16.59) and the Zr/Hf ratio is 16.69~58.04 (mean = 36.80). The zircons are depleted in LREE and enriched in HREE. The chondrite-normalized REE patterns of the zircons are of the "seagull" pattern of the left-inclined type with strong negative Eu anomaly and without a Ce anomaly. The Boziguoer A-type granitoids share similar features with A1-type granites. The average temperature of the granitic magma was estimated at $832{\sim}839^{\circ}C$. The Boziguoer A-type granitoids show crust-mantle mixing and may have formed in an anorogenic intraplate tectonic setting under high-temperature, anhydrous, and low oxygen fugacity conditions.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.9-17
• /
• 2010

The LCC (Liquid Cadmium Cathode) structure to be developed for inhibiting the formation and growth of the uranium dendrite has been known as a key part in the electrowinning process for the simultaneous recovering of uranium and TRU (TRans Uranium) elements from spent fuels. A zinc-gallium (Zn-Ga) experimental system which is able to be functional in aqueous condition and normal temperature has been set up to observe the formation and growth phenomena of the metal dendrites on liquid cathode. The growth of the zinc dendrites on the gallium cathode and the performance of the existing stirrer type and pounder type cathode structure were observed. Although the mechanical strength of the dendrites appeared to be weak in the electrolyte and easily crashed by the various cathode structures, it was difficult to effectively submerge the dendrite into the bottom of the liquid cathode. Based on the results of the aqueous phase experiments, a lab-scale electrowinning experimental apparatus which are applicable to the development of LCC srtucture for the electrowinning process was established and the performance tests of the different types of LCC structure were conducted to prohibit the uranium dendrite growth on LCC surface. The experimental results of the stirrer type LCC structures have shown that they could not effectively remove the uranium dendrites growing at the inner side of the LCC crucible and the performances of the paddle and harrow type LCC structure were similar. Therefore a mesh type LCC structure was developed to push down the uranium dendrites to the bottom of the LCC crucible growing on the LCC surface and at the inner side of the crucible. From the experimental results for the performance test of the mesh type LCC structure, the uranium was recovered over 5 wt% in cadmium without the growth of uranium dendrites. After completion of the experiments, solid precipitates of the bottom of the LCC crucible were identified as an intermetallic compound (UCd11) by the chemical analysis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2013.02a
• /
• pp.405-406
• /
• 2013

Ga-doped ZnO (GZO)는 $300^{\circ}C$ 이상의 온도에서는 전기적으로 불안정하기 때문에 CIGS, CdTe, DSC와 같은 태양전지의 높은 공정온도 때문에 사용이 제한적이다. ZTO thin film은 Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2, ZnO tihin film과 비교하여 산소 및 수분에 대하여 투과성이 상대적으로 낮은 것으로 알려져 있다. 따라서 GZO single layer에 비하여 ZTO-GZO multi-layer를 구성하여 TCO를 제작하면, 높은 공정온도에서도 사용 가능하다. 실제 제작된 GZO single layer (300 nm)에서 비저항이 $7.69{\times}10^{-4}{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$에서 $500^{\circ}C$에서 열처리 후 $7.76{\times}10^{-2}{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$으로 급격하게 상승한다. ZTO single layer (420 nm)는 as-grown에서는 측정 불가했지만, $400^{\circ}C$에서 열처리 후 $3.52{\times}10^{-1}{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$ $500^{\circ}C$에서 열처리 후 $4.10{\times}10^{-1}{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$으로 열처리에 따른 큰 변화가 없다. 또한 ZTO-GZO multi-layer (720 nm)의 경우 비저항이 $2.11{\times}10^{-3}{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$에서 $500^{\circ}C$에서 열처리 후 $3.67{\times}10^{-3}{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$으로 GZO에 비하여 상대적으로 변화폭이 작다. 또한 ZTO의 두께에 따른 영향을 확인하기 위하여 ZTO를 2 scan, 4 scan, 6 scan 공정 진행 및 $500^{\circ}C$에서 열처리 후 ZTO, ZTO-GZO thin film의 비저항을 측정하였다. ZTO의 경우 $3.34{\times}10^{-1}{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$ (2 scan), $3.62{\times}10^{-1}{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$ (4 scan), $4.1{\times}10^{-1}{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$ (6 scan)으로 큰 차이가 없으며, ZTO-GZO에서도 $3.73{\times}10^{-3}{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$ (2 scan), $3.42{\times}10^{-3}{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$ (4 scan), $3.67{\times}10^{-3}{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$ (6 scan)으로 큰 차이가 없음을 확인하였다. 염료감응 태양전지에 적용하여 기존에 사용되는 FTO대신에 ZTO-GZO를 사용하며, 가격적 측면, 성능적 측면에서 개선 가능할 것으로 생각된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.15 no.21
• /
• pp.9367-9373
• /
• 2014

In diagnosis of lung cancer, rapid distinction between small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumors is very important. Serum markers, including lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), C-reactive protein (CRP), carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA), neurone specific enolase (NSE) and Cyfra21-1, are reported to reflect lung cancer characteristics. In this study classification of lung tumors was made based on biomarkers (measured in 120 NSCLC and 60 SCLC patients) by setting up optimal biomarker joint models with a powerful computerized tool - gene expression programming (GEP). GEP is a learning algorithm that combines the advantages of genetic programming (GP) and genetic algorithms (GA). It specifically focuses on relationships between variables in sets of data and then builds models to explain these relationships, and has been successfully used in formula finding and function mining. As a basis for defining a GEP environment for SCLC and NSCLC prediction, three explicit predictive models were constructed. CEA and NSE are requentlyused lung cancer markers in clinical trials, CRP, LDH and Cyfra21-1 have significant meaning in lung cancer, basis on CEA and NSE we set up three GEP models-GEP 1(CEA, NSE, Cyfra21-1), GEP2 (CEA, NSE, LDH), GEP3 (CEA, NSE, CRP). The best classification result of GEP gained when CEA, NSE and Cyfra21-1 were combined: 128 of 135 subjects in the training set and 40 of 45 subjects in the test set were classified correctly, the accuracy rate is 94.8% in training set; on collection of samples for testing, the accuracy rate is 88.9%. With GEP2, the accuracy was significantly decreased by 1.5% and 6.6% in training set and test set, in GEP3 was 0.82% and 4.45% respectively. Serum Cyfra21-1 is a useful and sensitive serum biomarker in discriminating between NSCLC and SCLC. GEP modeling is a promising and excellent tool in diagnosis of lung cancer.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.45-53
• /
• 2008

The effect of thinned trees which are produced from forest thinning on forest fire was studied in this work. To investigate the effect of thinning slash, Yang-yang, In-je, and Ga-pyeong-gun were selected as thinning-areas and non-thinning areas. The research was carried out with the variations of tree's types, area's characteristics, thinning strength, thinning types, and pile types of thinned tree. The survey areas of 14 areas were selected at Yangyang-gun(5 areas), Gapyeong-gun(4 areas), and Inje-gun(5 areas), and on-the-spot investigations were carried out at the thinning areas of 9 and the non-thinning areas of 5, respectively. Non-thinning areas of 5, which are adjacent to thinning areas, were selected for the comparison with thinning areas and for the analysis of risk of forest fire. It is considered that forest fire have no chance to diffuse to a tree trunk because the height of thinned trees was lower than 1 m. However, it is considered that forest fire may affect directly to a tree trunk if it spread to piled thinned tree because there was no space between thinned trees and trees. Furthermore, it was found that re-ignition had a chance to occur due to lots of piled thinning trees.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2015

Neulgeori prehistoric site is located at Joong-ri Kwanin-myon Pocheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, where lots of stone artefacts were excavated. We investigated the petrological features of the artefacts through petrographical observation and modal analysis. In addition we estimated the provenance of the artefacts by means of the geological survey. The twelve stone artefacts used in this study are identified as ash tuff, lapilli tuff, granite porphyry, andesite and diorite porphyry. Various rocks were used for making flakes, whereas blades and debris were from the tuffaceous rocks. Lapilli tuff is considered to have been delivered from the Dongmakgol tuff in the Cheolwon basin, granite porphyry from the Cretaceous granite porphyry stocks cropped out at the southeastern Oksan-ri and eastern Yeoncheon areas. Andesite artefact would have been originated from the outcrops located at the northern part of the site, and diorite porphyry artefact from the southern part of the site. The stone artefacts investigated are estimated to have been transported from the area within 15 kilometers from the site.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.241-251
• /
• 1991

In order to investigate the effect of Panax ginseng extract and it's degree in mucociliary change of mice nasal septum epithelia exposured to sulfur dioxide, 96 ICR male mice were used. They were at first divided the 4th week, the 8th week or the 16th week groups according to the age after birth and 6 hour or 12 hour groups according to the $SO_2$ gas exposured hour in a day, and at control, 50mg, 100mg and 200mg injection groups according to the dosage of the freeze-drying powder of the ginseng extract which was injected into the mouse peritoneal cavities in the condition of the solution solved with physiological saline solution. Each subgroups which were divided finaly included 4 male mice. The histological tissue sections for observation were made from nasal septum, posterior nasal orfice and trachea. The results obtained by experiments were summarized as followings. 1. The loss of the nasal mucosa epithelial cilia of the mouse exponsure to the $SO_2$ gas after ginseng extract injection was apparently diminish eompare to those exposured only $SO_2$ gas without pretreatment of ginseng extract (p<0.01). 2. The inhibition effect for the loss of nasal mucocilia according to the ginseng extract dosages not found in this research (p>0.05). 3. There were differences in the loss of nasal mucosa cilia according to the $SO_2$ gas exposure time between the control group and ginseng extract pretreatment group (p<0.01). 4. According to the increase of the postnatal time, there were remarkable differences between the control group and the ginseng extract pretreatment groups in the loss of nasal mucosa cilia (p<0.01). 5. Ciliary changes of the posterior nasal orifice and trachea according to the $SO_2$ gas exposure time, mice age and ginseng dosages, were not dearly observed in this light microscopical observation.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.145-152
• /
• 2010

The gel polymer electrolyte(GPE) were prepared by in-situ thermal cross-linking reaction of homogeneous precursor solution of perfluorinated phosphate-based cross-linker and liquid electrolyte. Ionic conductivities and electrochemical properties of the prepared gel polymer electrolyte with the various contents of liquid electrolytes and perfluorinated organophosphate-based cross-linker were examined. The stable gel polymer electrolyte was obtained up to 97 wt% of the liquid electrolyte. Ionic conductivity and electrochemical properties of the gel polymer electrolytes with the various chain length of perfluorinated ethylene oxide and different content of liquid electrolytes were examined. The maximum ionic conductivity of liquid electrolyte was measured to be $1.02\;{\times}\;10^{-2}\;S/cm$ at $30^{\circ}C$ using the cross-linker($PFT_nGA$). The electrochemical stability of the gel polymer electrolyte was extended to 4.5 V. The electrochemical performances of test cells composed of the resulting gel polymer electrolyte were also studied to evaluate the applicability on the lithium polymer batteries. The test cell carried a discharge capacity of 136.11mAh/g at 0.1C. The discharge capacity was measured to be 91% at 2C rate. The discharge capacity decreased with increase of discharge rate which was due to the polarization. After 500th charge/discharge cycles, the capacity of battery decreased to be 70% of the initial capacity.