• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of both various shoe types and bare feet on ground reaction force while walking. Ten first-year female university students were selected. A force platform(Kistler, Germany) was used to measure ground reaction force. Six types of shoe were tested: flip flops, canvas shoes, running shoes, elevated forefoot walking shoes, elevated midfoot walking shoes, and five-toed shoes. The control group was barefooted. Only vertical passive/active ground reaction force variables were analyzed. The statistical analysis was carried out using the SAS 9.1.2 package, specifically ANOVA, and Tukey for the post hoc. The five-toed shoe had the highest maximum passive force value; while the running shoe had the lowest. The first active loading rate for running shoes was the highest; meanwhile, bare feet, the five-toed shoe, and the elevated fore foot walking shoe was the lowest. Although barefoot movement or movement in five toed shoes increases impact, it also allows for full movement of the foot. This in turn allows the foot arch to work properly, fully flexing along three arches(transverse, lateral, medial), facilitating braking force and initiating forward movement as the tendons, ligaments, and muscles of the arch flex back into shape. In contrast movement in padded shoes have a tendency to pound their feet into the ground. This pounding action can result in greater foot instability, which would account for the higher loading rates for the first active peak for padded shoes.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.836-847
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• 2008

Maximalism in modern fashion has emerged as an anti-conception against Minimaslism which dominated the trend of 21st century. Contrary to the traits of Minimalism which are oriented to constraint and editing, Maximalism expresses human sensitivity, concern to tradition and other culture, and instinctive desire for decoration. The trend of Maximalism is reflected in various areas of fashion and shoes design, and its influence is still enlarging. This idea for designing shoes come from analyzing the related documentaries, fashion magazines and internet sites since 2005, when the maximalism was main concepts in worldwide fashion trends. The traits of Maxmalistic trend expressed in shoes are decentralizing, pluralisml, sensitivity, etc. The molding constituents, such as form, material, color, accessary decoration, have been expressed as diversified and differentiated traits of shoes design through molding modes such as exaggeration and concentration, distortion and modification, removal and mixing-up. This study takes advantage of this opportunity to grasp the diversified and colorful trend and molding traits of Maximalim expressed in shoes design, close up the molding value of shoes design, and finally enlarge the realm of aesthetic expression of shoes design.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.39-47
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• 2020

Postural stability can reduce the likelihood of critical slip and fall accidents in workplaces. The present study aimed to analyze the effect of shoes type on the ability of postural control during quiet standing. The effect of workload on the body balance was also of primary concern. Thirteen healthy male undergraduate students participated voluntarily in the experimental study. Standing on a force plate with wearing slippers, sports shoes, or safety shoes, two-axis coordinate on subjects' center of pressures (COP) was obtained in the two levels, rest and workload. For the workload level, subjects performed treadmill exercise to reach the predetermined level of physical workload. By converting the position coordinates of COPs, the postural sway length in both anterior-posterior (AP) axis and medio-lateral (ML) axis was assessed. ANOVA results showed that, in AP direction, wearing slippers significantly increased the postural sway length compared to wearing sports shoes or safety shoes. No significant difference in the mean sway length in AP axis was observed between sports shoes and safety shoes. In ML direction, both the workload and the shoes type did not significantly affect the mean length of postural sway. However, the postural sway length increased marginally with the slippers especially during the workload condition. This study explains wearing slippers may interfere with the ability of postural control during quiet standing. Physical workload decreases the ability of postural stability further.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.219-223
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• 2013

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of gymnasts shoes on risk factors of anterior cruciate ligament injuries during drop-landing followed by vertical jump in female gymnasts. Thirteen female gymnasts were recruited and performed randomly drop-landing followed by vertical jump in height of her knee with and without shoes. Kinematics and ground reaction data were collected to estimate the anterior cruciate ligament injuries risk factors. Data were analyzed with paired samples t-test with Bonferroni correction. Female gymnasts with shoes showed more reduced thigh maximum adduction angle, and knee maximum extension moment than without shoes. Female gymnasts with shoes showed more increased shank maximum abduction angle than without shoes. In conclusion, Female gymnasts with shoes reduced anterior cruciate ligament injuries risk factors.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.475-482
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• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate mean plantar foot pressure, maximum plantar pressure and ground reaction force, and center migration path of pressure according to the type of trekking shoes for the development of shoes. Method : Subjects of the study averaged $22.10{\pm}2.05years$ of age. Their average height was $169.27{\pm}7.62cm$ and their average weight was $64.34{\pm}10.22kg$. The method of this study was administered measuring 50 steps, at once, 3 times at a speed of 4 km/h and using the data of 30 steps. Pedar-X system measured the mean foot pressure, maximum foot pressure, mean maximum force, and center migration path of pressure by subjects' position while walking. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 23.0 using a paired t-test. Results : Results of the study showed Nestfit trekking shoes lower foot pressure of both feet in mean foot pressure and maximum foot pressure. Nestfit trekking shoes showed high ground reaction force (p<.001) in the midfoot, and low mean ground reaction force in the rearfoot. The center migration path of pressure showed the Nestfit trekking shoes were more stable than flat insole trekking shoes. Conclusion : It can be concluded that wearing Nestfit trekking shoes spreads pressure efficiently and induces walking stability because Nestfit trekking shoes spread the pressure of the forefoot and rearfoot to the midfoot and the center migration path of pressure shows regularly.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.17
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• pp.215-242
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• 2005

Although shoes industry in Korea is superior in global competition in terms of material, parts, and developmental ability, it has declined due to the lack of design in consideration of OEM production and marketing ability. Shoes industry in Korea has aimed at making inroad to North American market centered with the United States, but it has not focused on Europe market that much. However, as Europe transformed into EU, which is a large economic community, European market is being considered as a great potential for Korean shoes industry, which we can never neglect of. So far, there have been researches of marketing strategic methods to make inroad to the United States and South-East Asian markets, but there has been almost no marketing approach to European shoes market. Therefore, in this study I prepare strategic marketing plans for Korean shoes enterprises to make inroads to European markets, so that they can enter the market successfully, and this is the purpose of this study. In case that Korean shoes industry makes inroads to European market, there are important terms to examine. The strategic terms for consideration to examine are as follows. First, shoes companies such as Nike and Adidas are aware of India. Turkey, and Rumania as new footholds for production, as they have accounted continuous wage claim and labor dispute. Especially Turkey and Rumania are expected to have much competitive strength in price, as they are expected countries for joining EU. Second, we need to shift our understanding of the importance of design for European shoes market. We should pay close attention to the fact that the role of leading companies is to design. Third, Germany, England, and Italy have global-level of specialize institutions and organizations for shoes education and have been succeeded in knowledge industrialization. Fourth, we should consider that the concepts for shoes are changing from innovation in production to in products. Fifth, we should develop specialized concept centered in individualized categories. Sixth, we should open up new markets actively by connecting large shopping centers and multi-shops. Seventh, we should look for the opportunities to expand market through the utilization of BIFOS. Lastly, we should expand our support for opening up markets and participating fairs in foreign countries.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.171-183
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• 2012

This research attempted to examine whether there were differences in preference for the shoes according to fashion lifestyle and age by conducting survey on 200 women of 20s and 40s among the adult women who were expected to have interest in not only functionality but also aesthetic aspects of shoes. First, the results of comparing the preferences according to fashion lifestyles showed that those who pursued practical group preferred loafer, strap shoes, and baggy boots, indicating that they preferred low and comfortable shape of shoes which are easy to put on/take off and easy to coordinate with any clothes. Those who pursued personality group and ostentation group were more sensitive to fashion than practical group preferred high heel shoes, which could express their own personality, it would be great to have various designs by reflecting the trendy materials and details focusing on pumps, strap and walker boots which can express individuality and supplement the body shape and height as matching to the trendy clothes. Second, as women in 20s have tendency to show more preference of a certain trendy shoes shape than women in 40s, the shoes designs for 20s should focus on certain types of shoes preferred by them by varying materials and details, rather than having various designs. However, it would be great to show various designs for the shoes for 40s. Most of the 20s are the individual and complex fashion-seeking types while the 40s have the most of practical fashion-seeking type and the least of individual fashion-seeking type.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.65 no.8
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• pp.95-109
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• 2015

The purpose of this Study is to understand Supsin (shoes for dead) in late Chosun dynasty through records and excavated relics. The research records in this study were two types which one was official records as The Annals of The Chosean Dynasty(朝鮮王朝實錄), Dairy of the Royal Secretariat(承政院日記) ets and the other was private records as Korean literary collections of confucian scholars in classical chinese(文集) ect. as for relics use two types of materials that one is the excavated supsins and the other is Research Reports of Excavated Costumes published from museums. Through the Collections, we can notice that shoes were several types which Wunhae(雲鞋), Danghae(唐鞋) Onhae(溫鞋) Wunli(雲履), Taesahae(太史鞋) in Chosun dynasty. these were worn in different ways according to wearer's gender, the social status, daily life or rituals, inside or outside in palace. Wunhae and Wunli was the most ceremonial shoes for man and Onhae was the most ceremonial shoes for woman. the dead man worn the Wunhae or Wunli for Supsin and the dead woman worn Onhae. we could see they use the most ceremonial shoes for supsin. through the records, we could see the change that Women's Supsin was written for the first time in 18th Saraepyenram(四禮便覽). men's Supsin was recorded as '履', while Women's Supsin was recorded as '鞋' in Saraepyenram. the reason for making difference between man and woman in costumes(男女有別). and the excavated Supsin showed that the dead worn more ceremonial shoes than records. these changes mean one of the results for making korean style rituals from chinese style(國俗化).

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.876-887
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to determine the fundamental foot measurement data that is essential for a shoes size system of women in their 20~30s according to a survey of Korean hand-made shoes companies. This research on the current situation of shoes companies was done by interviewing and surveying employees of these companies. The subjects for this study were 407 women in their 20s~30s who lived in a metropolitan area, and who wanted to enhance their foot health and prevent injury with a proper shoes size system. They were measured with the 3D scan method in use of 6th Size Korea. The result of this study showed that there is considerable dissatisfaction related to women's shoes and the current foot size system using foot length. The Korean hand-made shoes companies assessed here did not use the KS system, but they recognized the necessity of measuring the foot width and circumference, understanding that doing so properly can decrease the return and repair rate. And current target age for shoes bye the hand-made shoes companies was reported to be approximately 5 years. There were significant results according to ANOVA, factor and cluster analyses according to the age range pertaining to the foot length, circumference and height. Each element was significantly correlated with user's satisfaction. There were 5 factors and 3 clusters represented, and foot circumstance and width were as important as foot length with a range of 5 years.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.33 no.9
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• pp.1361-1373
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• 2009

This study analyzed female motives and psychological experiences related with high-heeled shoes. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with seven females having more than forty pairs of high-heeled shoes. Exploratory data are classified into physical aspects and mental aspects, and the meaning of wearing high-heeled shoes were derived and discussed. First, with high-heeled shoes, the participants tried to make an ideal physical appearance, 1) to make an aesthetic illusion of a longer, more slender body 2) to make a more glamorous bodyline and toned legs. Second, the psychological experiences were as follows: 1) Wearing high-heeled shoes, they felt self-confidence in appearance and had feelings of satisfaction, fulfillment, and superiority. 2) High-heeled shoes gave wearers an increased sexual appearance in addition to a feminine attitude and independent mind. Accordingly, wearers thought they could make males compliant with a better sexual look in private and public life. 3) Through buying or putting on high-heeled shoes, women could change their mood, have mental stability, and channel sexual desires. 4) Some women made the secret self with the collected high-heeled shoes for sexual fantasies. 5) They thought that painful bodies or feet were not cumbersome. In addition, some wearers thought high-heeled shoes were a natural extension of their bodies.