• 동의신경정신과학회지
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.129-143
• /
• 2012

Objectives : To evaluate the neuroprotective effects of the essential oil from Sohaphwangwon (SH), a Chinese traditional medicinal prescription in a Parkinson's disease mouse model. Methods : 1. The neuroprotective effect of SH on primary neuronal cells was examined by using 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+). 2. The neuroprotective effect of SH was examined in a Parkinson's disease mouse model. C57BL/6 mice treated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP, 30 mg/kg/day), intraperitoneal (i.p.) for 5 days. SH inhalation was applied before MPTP treatment for 7 days and continued until 12 days after the first MPTP treatment. 3. To find out the intracellular target signal molecule(s) regarding the neuroprotective effect of SH essential oil, brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) and synaptic protein SNAP25 were examined by Western blot analysis. Results : 1. MPP+ induced a concentration-dependent decrease in cell viability. However, in the presence of 3 and 5 ug/ml of SH, MPP+-induced cell death was significantly reduced. 2. SH inhalation in MPTP mice led to the restoration of behavioral impairment and rescued tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive dopaminergic neurodegeneration. 3. In SH / MPTP mice, BDNF and SNAP25 increased. Conclusions : This experiment suggests that the neuroprotective effect of SH essential oil is mediated by the expression of BDNF. Furthermore, SH essential oil may serve as a potential preventive or therapeutic agent regarding Parkinson's disease.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제30권5호
• /
• pp.303-307
• /
• 1997

Grb2, which is composed of a Src homology 2 (SH2) domain and two Src homology 3 (SH3) domains, is known to serve as an adaptor protein in signaling for Ras activation. Thus, a blocker of the Grb2 interactions with other proteins can be a potential candidate for an anticancer drug. In this study, we have developed a high throughput screening method for SH3 domain binding ligands and blockers. Firstly, we made and purified the glutathione S-transferase (GST)-fusion proteins with the Grb2 SH2 and SH3 domains, and the entire Grb2. This method measures the binding of a biotin-labeled oligopeptide, derived from a Grb2/SH3 binding motif in the hSos, to the GST-fusion proteins, which are precoated as glutathione S-transferase fusion protein on a solid phase. When $1\;{\mu}g$ of each fusion protein was used to coat the wells, both N- and C- terminal SH3 the domains as well as the whole of Grb2 were able to interact with the biotin-conjugated ligand peptide, while the SH2 domain and GST alone showed no binding affinity. Although N- and C- terminal SH3 domains showed an increase of binding to the ligand peptide in proportion to the amount of peptide, the GST fusion protein with Grb2 demonstrated much higher binding affinity. GST-Grb2 coating on the solid phase showed a saturation curve; 66 and 84% of the maximal binding was observed at 100 and 300 ng/$100\;{\mu}l$, respectively. This binding assay system was peptide sequence-specific, showing a dose-dependent inhibition with the unlabeled peptide of SH3 binding motif. Several other peptides, such as SH2 domain binding motifs and PTB domain binding motif, were ineffective to inhibit the binding to the biotin-conjugated ligand peptide. These results suggest that our method may be useful to screen for new anticancer drug candidates which can block the signaling pathways mediated by SH3 domain binding.

• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.35-41
• /
• 1978

사과주(酒) 양조(釀造)에 적합(適合)한 우수효모(酵母)를 얻어 이를 이용(利用)하기 위하여 대전시(大田市) 및 기타(其他) 여러 지역(地域)에서 수집(蒐集)한 각종(各種) 시료과실중(試料果實中)에서 1,358주(株)의 효모(酵母)를 분리(分離)하고 이들 중(中)에서 SH-49, SH-129 및 SH-338의 3주(株)를 선정(選定)하여 이용면(利用面)과 균학적(菌學的) 성질(性質)에 관(關)한 시험(試驗)을 하였다. 시험결과(試驗結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 선정(選定)된 SH-49 및 SH-129는 타균주(他菌株)에 비(比)하여 발효력(醱酵力), 생성(生性)사과주(酒)의 주질(酒質)및 아황산(亞黃酸) 내성시험등(耐性試驗等)에서 우수한 결과(結果)를 보였으며 특(特)히 SH-49가 우수하였다. 2. SH-49 및 SH-129를 사용(使用)하여 만든 사과주(酒)는 다른 균주(菌株)의 것에 비(比)하여 총산량(總酸量)이 약간 적었다. 3. SH-49 및 SH-129를 사용(使用)한 경우에는 사과주료가 주발효기간중(酒醱酵期間中)에 속(速)히 청징화(淸澄化) 되었다. 저장(貯藏) 45일후(日後)의 사과주(酒)의 $OD^{430}_{10}$ 측정치(測定値)에 있어서 SH-49와 SH-129를 사용(使用)한 것은 다른 것의 약(約) 1/2이었다. 4. SH-338을 사용(使用)한 사과주(酒)는 잔당함량(殘糖含量)이 많았고 또 주질(酒質)이 좋았다. 따라서 SH-338은 특색(特色)있는 사과주양조(酒i釀造)에 이용(利用)할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 5. SH-49와 SH-338의 균학적(菌學的) 성질(性質)을 살펴 Lodder의 효모분류동정법(酵母分類同定法)으로 동정(同定)한 결과(結果)이 두 균주(菌株)는 Saccharomyces cerevisiae로 동정(同定)되었다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.371-376
• /
• 1992

Bacillus sp. SH-8은 pH 9.0 이상에서 생육이 가능하였고 pH 7.7 이하에서는 배양 12시간부터 O.$D_{550}$가 급격히 감소하였으며 생균수도 감소하였다. 그러나 Bacillus sp. SH-8M은 pH7.7에서 생육이 가능하였고 pH6.9에서도 약간 생육속도가 늦었으나 정상적인 생육을 나타내었다. 고체배지의 생육 양상도 액체배지에서와 비슷한 결과를 나타내었다. 균주의 형태는 pH 10.2에서 두 균주 모두 단간균위 형태를 나타내었으나 pH7.7에서는 Bacillus sp. SH-8 균주만이 장간균의 형태를 나타내었다. 균체외 pH는 초기 10.2일 때 두 균주 모두 배양 28시간 후에는 9.0이었고 초기 pH 9.0와 9.6에서는 배양초기에 pH가 저하되었다가 12시간 후부터 상승하였다. 한편, Bacillus sp. SH-8M은 초기 pH 6.9와 7.7일때 배양시간에 따라 균체외의 pH가 8.0과 8.7로 상승하였으나 Bacillus sp. SH-8은 배양 12시간 이후에도 7.0으로 일정하였다. 포자형성능은 Bacillus sp. SH-8과 Bacillus sp. SH-8M 모두 배양 3일 후, 초기 pH 10.2일 때 각각 95%와 85%로 가장 높았다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.54-62
• /
• 1998

20 bacterial strains capable of growing on phenol minimal medium were isolated from soil and wastewater by the enrichment culture technique, and among them, one isolate which was the best in the cell growth was selected and identified as Bacillus sp. SH3 by its characteristics. Strain SH3 could grow with phenol as the sole carbon source up to 15 mM, but did not grow in minimal medium containing above 20 mM of phenol. The optimal conditions of temperature and initial pH for growth and phenol degradation were 30$^{\circ}$C and 7.5, respectively. This strain could grow on various aromatic compounds such as catechol, protocatechuic acid, gentisic acid, o-, m-, p-cresol, benzoic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, anthranilic acid, phenyl acetate and pentachlorophenol, and the growth-limiting log P value of strain SH3 on organic solvents was 3.1. In batch culture, strain SH3 degraded 97% of 10 mM phenol in 48 hours. In continuous culture under the conditions of 20 mM of influent phenol concentration and 0.050 hr$^{-1}$ of dilution rate, the treatment rate of phenol was 94%.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제20권7호
• /
• pp.1054-1065
• /
• 2010

생약복합물인 SH21B는 황금(Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi), 행인(Prunus armeniaca Maxim), 마황(Ephedra sinica Stapf), 석창포(Acorus gramineus Soland), 포황(Typha orientalis Presl), 원지(Polygala tenuifolia Willd), 하엽(Nelumbo nucifera Gaertner)의 혼합(비율 3:3:3:3:3:2:2)으로 이루어졌다. SH21B는 예로부터 한의학에서 비만의 치료에 사용되어 왔으나 자세한 분자적 메커니즘과 효능에 대한 연구는 이루어지지 않았다. 본 연구진은 선행연구를 통해 SH21B가 지방세포의 분화에서 adipogenesis (지방세포형성)와 관련된 유전자를 조절하여 중성지방의 축적을 억제함을 밝혔다. 본 연구에서는, microarray 기술을 이용하여 adipogenesis의 in vitro 모델인, 3T3-L1 세포에서 SH21B에 의한 지방세포형성 억제의 분자적 기작을 보다 상세하게 연구하고자 하였다. 전지방세포, 분화된 세포 그리고 SH21B에 의해 분화가 억제된 세포의 각각의 유전자 발현을 분석하기 위해 각 시료들에서 total RNA를 분리하여 cDNA를 합성한 후 microarray에 적용시켰다. 그 결과, 각각의 시료들의 비교에서 2배 이상의 유의한 발현 변화를 가지는 2,568개의 유전자를 확보하였다. 이 유전자들에 대해 Hierarchical clustering과 K-means clustering 분석을 진행하였고 서로 다른 양상을 가지는 9개의 군집(cluster)들을 분류하였다. 그 중, SH21B의 첨가에 의해 뚜렷하게 감소(cluster 4, cluster 6 및 cluster 9)하거나 반대로 뚜렷하게 증가(cluster 7와 cluster 8)하는 양상을 보이는 군집들을 따로 선별하여 그 군집들에 포함되어 있는 유전자들을 분석하였다. 선택 된 5개의 군집에는 지방세포형성과 세포증식에 관련된 유전자가 다수 포함되어 있었다. Cluster 4, cluster 6 그리고 cluster 9에는 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma $\gamma$ ($PPAR{\gamma}$), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein $\alpha$ (C/$EBP{\alpha}$), sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 (SREBF1), adiponectin (ADIPOQ), fatty acid synthase (FASN), lipoprotein lipase (LPL) 등의 지방세포형성 유도 및 관련 인자와 B-cell leukemia/lymphoma6 (BCL6), retinoblastoma 1 (RB1), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2C (CDKN2c), ras homolog gene family, member B (RHOB) 등의 많은 세포증식 억제 유전자가 포함되었다. 이와는 반대로, cluster 7과 cluster 8에는 $\beta$-catenin, cyclin D1 (CCND1), WNT1 inducible signaling pathway protein 2 (WISP2) 등과 같은 지방 세포형성 억제 조절자와 MARCKS-like1 (MARCKSL1), colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF1), discoidin domain receptor family, member 2 (DDR2), leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR) 등의 세포증식을 유도하는 조절자가 다수 포함되었다. 결론적으로, 이러한 결과들은 SH21B가 지방세포형성과 관련된 조절자 및 세포증식과 관련 된 조절자들의 유전자 발현을 조절하여 지방세포형성을 억제함을 제시한다.

• 대한환경공학회지
• /
• 제30권11호
• /
• pp.1132-1138
• /
• 2008

수슬러지의 열분해를 통해 생성된 char를 이용하여 황화수소(H$_2$S), 메틸머캡탄(CH$_3$SH) 복합악취를 제거하기 위한 흡착제를 제조하여 흡착특성을 살펴보았다. 고정층 반응기 실험에서 최적의 L/D ratio는 1.0이었으며, 온도의 증가에 따라 파과점과 흡착능이 증가되었다. H$_2$S와 CH$_3$SH의 동시흡착 특성은 단일흡착 실험보다 파과점에 도달하는 시간과 흡착량이 증가하였고, 동일 조건에서 CH$_3$SH이 H$_2$S보다 높은 유효확산계수 값을 가지므로 빠른 흡착속도로 인한 흡착능의 증가를 보였다. 또한 하수슬러지로부터 제조된 탄화물은 상업용 활성탄과 비교하여 H$_2$S 77%, CH$_3$SH 80%의 성능으로 혼합 악취성가스 제거가 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제34권6호
• /
• pp.537-543
• /
• 2001

In the present study, an in vitro ELISA system to assess the interaction between Src homology (SH)2 domains and phosphotyrosine that contain peptides was established using purified GST-conjugated SH2 proteins and synthetic biotinylated phosphotyrosine that contain oligopeptides. The SH2 domains bound the relevant phosphopeptides that were immobilized in the streptavidin-coated microtiter plate in a highly specific and dose-dependent manner. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-, T antigen (T Ag)-, and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)-derived phosphopeptides interacted with the growth factor receptor binding protein (Grb)2/SH2, Lck/SH2, and phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase (PI3K) p85/SH2, respectively. No cross-reactions were observed. Competitive inhibition experiments showed that a short phosphopeptide of only four amino acids was long enough to determine the binding specificity. Optimal concentrations of the GST-SH2 fusion protein and phosphopeptide in this new ELISA system for screening the binding blockers were chosen at 2nM and 500nM, respectively. When two candidate compounds were tested in our ELISA system, they specifically inhibited the Lck/SH2 and/or p85/SH2 binding to the relevant phosphopeptides. Our results indicate that this ELISA system could be used as an easy screening method for the discovery of specific binding blockers of protein-protein interactions via SH2 domains.

• 대한의생명과학회지
• /
• 제7권4호
• /
• pp.167-172
• /
• 2001

Nebulin is an approximately 700 kDa filamentous protein in vertebrate skeletal muscle. It binds to the Z line and also binds side-by-side to the entire thin actin filament in a sarcomere. The correlation of nebulin size with thin filament length have led to the suggestion that nebulin acts as a molecular ruler for the length of thin filaments. The C-terminal part of human nebulin is anchored in the sarcomeric Z-disk and contains an SH3 domain. SH3 domains have been identified in an ever-increasing number of proteins important for a wide range of cellular processes, from signal transduction to cytoskeleton assembly and membrane localization. However, the exact physiological role of SH3 domains remains, in many cases, unclear. To explore the role of nebulin SH3 in the cytoskeletal rearrangement that accompanies myoblast differentiation, we transfected sense and antisense nebulin SH3 domain fused to enhanced green fluorescent protein in myoblast. Cells expressing nebulin SH3 fragment showed decrease of cell-cell adhesion, and cells transfected with antisense nebulin SH3 gene showed a rounded cell morphology and loss of cell-matrix adhesion. No alteration in cell shape and differentiation were observed in control cells expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein. Perturbation of nebulin altered the cell shape and disrupted cell adhesion in myoblast, demonstrating that nebulin can affect cytoskeleton rearrangement.

• 기본간호학회지
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.558-565
• /
• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze how accurately authors of the Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing used MeSH terms as key words. Method: A total of 724 key words used in the 225 papers of Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing from 2003 to 2007 were compared with MeSH terms. Results: Fifty nine point eight percent of total key words were completely coincident with MeSH terms, 13.5% were entry terms, and 21.8% were not MeSH terms. The coincidence rates for 2003 and 2007 separately were 38.5% and 70.9%. Also, 25.3% of papers precisely used MeSH terms as key words and 8% did not use any MeSH terms. Conclusion: The results show that the coincidence rate of key words with MeSH terms was at a moderate level and gradually increased according to year. However, there is a need for us to understand MeSH more specifically and accurately.