• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.65-69
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• 1998

In order to evaluate the utility of bituminous coal fly ash, gypsum, oyster shell as soil amendments, aadic clayloam paddy soils with low calaum content were amended in the upper 15㎝ with amendments, and then Chinese cabbage was cultivated under plastic film house. Amendments treated were, in metric tons per hectare, i) none(Check) ; ii) 80 fly ash(FA) ; iii) 4 shell(SH) ; iv) 56 fly ash+24 gypsum (FG) ; v) 40 fly ash+24 gypsum+0.8 shell(FGS). On the whole, soil chemical properties were improved by amendments treatments. Amongst treatments, FA prominently neutralized soil pH and increased contents of Av. $P_2O_5$, Ex. K, and Av. B in soils. Besides, it showed the highest ratio in bacteria/fungi and (bacteria+actinomycetes)/fungi. FGS also affected the neutralization of soil pH and the increment of Ex. Mg. Amendments plants appeared alkaline damages only at early growing stage, but showed positive responses in fresh weight yields : 23% for FGS : 21% for FG : 19 18% for SH. At harvesting, leaves both of FA and FGS plants had higher values in contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, B, reduang-sugar, and vitamin-C than of others. In especial, Check plants appeared the heart rot symptoms owing to calaum defiaency differently from amendments plants. Taken together, FGS was an effective combination enable to maximize the utility of fly ash, gypsum, shell as soil amendments, espeaally in cabbage yield and quality.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.110-116
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• 2018

This study was conducted to develop a simple, rapid, and reliable method for in vitro propagation of disease-free and true-to-type clones from sucker explants of thornless blackberry (Rubus fruticosus L. ${\times}$ R. parvifolius L.). To induce multiple shoots, the sucker explants were sterilized in 1% NaOCl solution, and then were aseptically cultured on the full and 1/2 MS solid medium supplemented with BAP (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg/L). After six weeks of culture, the highest frequency (85.4%) of shoot formation from sucker explants was obtained on the full-strength MS medium with 1.0 mg/L BAP. Node explants obtained from multiple shoots were cultured on the various media of full- or half-strength of AD, B5, MS, SH, QL, WPM media, respectively. After 30 days of culture, plant growth was good on the half-AD, half-QL medium. After 90 days of culture, plant growth was good on the full MS and full SH medium. The survival rate of the plantlets after transfer to plastic pots containing soil mixture (sand: soil: vermiculite was 1:1:1, vol.) in the greenhouse was 98%. The results indicate that a multiple-shoot procedure can be applied for an efficient mass propagation of Rubus fruticosus L. ${\times}$ R. parvifolius L.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 1999

The conditions for callus formation and plant regeneration were confirmed in four varieties of alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.). Among four varieties of alfalfa, "Vernal" expressed the highest rate for both of callus formation and plant regeneration. Otherwise, among SH(Schenk and Hildebrandt), MS(Murachige and Skoog) and N6 medium (Chu), SH medium was highest degree of efficiencies respectively in callus formatio and plant regeneration. In this study, we determined volume of hormones and other compounds appended in media. For callus formation, only $3mg/{\ell}$ of 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid) was appended in their media. For plant regeneration, the three kinds of media were used; the medium appended $5mg/{\ell}$ of NAA (1-naphtalene acetic acid) and $2mg/{\ell}$ of kinetin (6-furfurylaminopurine), the medium appended $11mg/{\ell}$ of 2,4-D and $1mg/{\ell}$ of kinetin, and the medium appended $1.6g/{\ell}$ of ammonium sulfate and $5.75g/{\ell}$ of proline. We obtained alfalfa plants from callus by regeneration, about sixty five days later transfer calli to regeneration media.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.289-294
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to materialize the viscosity sensor by using the SH-SAW sensor of which the center frequency is operated at higher than 50 MHz. In order to measure the viscosity, SAW sensor of which the center frequency is operated at 100 MHz is developed. By using the developed sensor, phase shift, delay time, insertion loss, and frequency variation are measured at different viscosity. The result shows that the phase shift difference between the viscosity variations is such that the difference between the distilled water and the 100 % glycerol solution is approximately $45^{\circ}$, the change of the insertion loss is approximately 9 dB, and the difference of frequency variation is approximately 5.9 MHz. Therefore, it is shown that viscosity of unknown solution can be measured with the surface acoustic wave sensor.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.298-303
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• 2010

This study was carried out to compare the physicochemical characteristics of Korean traditional wine fermented from foxtail millet and nuruk at different mixing rates. The alcohol contents of fermented wine ranged from 12.70 to 13.38%. Two kinds of commercial nuruks, SH and BS nuruk, were used. The brix degrees of foxtail millet wine fermented by SH and BS nuruks were 21.6 and $22.4^{\circ}Bx$, respectively. The pH, total acidity, and turbidity of the wines fermented by SH and BS nuruks were 3.74 and 3.40, 1.40 and 1.51%, and 0.441 and 0.149, respectively. With an increase in the amount of foxtail millet, brix degree, pH, turbidity, b-value and L-value decreased, and total acidity and a-value increased. Total color difference (${\Delta}Eab$) parameter of the wine fermented by SH nuruk were 8.58, 22.59 and 22.55, while those by BS nuruk were 0.35, 4.08 and 7.16 in 30, 70 and 100% addition rates of foxtail millet, respectively. With an increase in the amount added of foxtail millet, glucose content decreased. The organic acids such as lactic acid and acetic acid were predominantly detected in the fermented wine. Finally, based on sensory evaluations, the wine fermented by BS nuruk showed the best overall quality at the 30% addition rate of foxtail millet.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.141-154
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• 2005

Objectives : This study was planned to evaluate clinical status of the alopecia patients who had visited oriental medicine clinic. Methods : 80 patients with alopecia, who had visited oriental medicine clinic from January 2004 to August 2004, were examined. Results & Conclusions : 1. The kinds and incidences of Alopecia : androgenetic alopecia 57.5%(46/80), alopecia areatea 20.0%(16/80), telogen effluvium 16.3%(13/80), seborrheic alopecia 6.3%(5/80). 2. In distribution of sex, the rate of male to female was 1:1 and most patients belonged to 20-30 year old group. 3. The most common onset of age was adolescence(63.8%) and the most common duration of hair loss was 1 to 3 years. 4. Among the 30 male androgenetic alopecia patients, Hamilton's type 4 was most common and among the 16 female androgenetic alopecia patients, Ludwig's type II and III were most common. 5. Family history of baldness in Androgenetic alopecia and alopecia areata were 56.5% and 25.0%, respectively. 6. Self-conscious causes of hair loss : stress(48.8%), irregular eating habits(21.3%), and lack of sleep(20.0%). 7. Associated diseases with alopecia patients : chronic neck pain(58.8%), temporomandibular disorders(55.0%) and seborrheic dermatitis(20.0%). 8. Associated symptoms with alopecia Patients : stress(78.8%), sleep disorders(68.8%), irregular eating habits(55.0%), Hot flush(43.8%), Stool disorders(43.8%), cold hands and feet(37.5%) and menstruation disorders(31.3%). 9. The most common scalp type was oily scalp(70.0%) and the symptoms of scalp were iching, dandruff, pain, inflammation. 10. $Bi{\grave{a}}n$ $zh{\grave{e}}ng$(辨證) of alopecia patients : $xu{\grave{e}}-r{\grave{e}}-f{\bar{e}}ng-z{\grave{a}}u$(血熱風燥) (25.0%), $g{\bar{a}}n-sh{\grave{e}}n-b{\grave{u}}-z{\acute{u}}$(肝腎不足) (23.8%), $shi-r{\grave{e}}-sh{\grave{a}}ng-zh{\bar{e}}ng$(濕熱上蒸) (16.3%), $xu{\grave{e}}-r{\grave{e}}-sh{\bar{e}}ng-f{\bar{e}}ng$(血熱生風) (13.8%), $xu{\grave{e}}-x{\bar{u}}-f{\bar{e}}ng-z{\grave{a}}u$(血熱風燥) (13.8%), $y{\bar{u}}-xu{\grave{e}}-z{\check{u}}-lu{\grave{o}}$(瘀血阻絡) (7.5%).

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.225-230
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• 2014

Platelets are derived from the fragments that are formed from the cytoplasm of bone marrow megakaryocytes-small irregularly shaped anuclear cells. Platelets respond to vascular damage, contracts blood vessels, and attaches to the damaged region, thereby stopping bleeding, together with the action of blood coagulation factors. Platelet activation is known to affect genes associated with vascular risk factors, as well as with arteriosclerosis and myocardial infarction. Here, we performed a genome-wide association study with 352,228 single-nucleotide polymorphisms typed in 8,842 subjects of the Korea Association Resource (KARE) project and replicated the results in 7,861 subjects from an independent population. We identified genetic associations between platelet count and common variants nearby chromosome 4p16.1 ($p=1.46{\times}10^{10}$, in the KIAA0232 gene), 6p21 ($p=1.36{\times}10^{-7}$, in the BAK1 gene), and 12q24.12 ($p=1.11{\times}10^{-15}$, in the SH2B3 gene). Our results illustrate the value of large-scale discovery and a focus for several novel research avenues.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.438-452
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• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Brain senescence causes cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration. It has also been demonstrated that curcumin (Cur) and hesperetin (Hes), both antioxidant polyphenolic compounds, mediate anti-aging and neuroprotective effects. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate whether Cur, Hes, and/or their combination exert anti-aging effects in D-galactose (Dg)-induced aged neuronal cells and rats. MATERIALS/METHODS: SH-SY5Y cells differentiated in response to retinoic acid were treated with Cur (1 μM), Hes (1 μM), or a combination of both, followed by 300 mM Dg. Neuronal loss was subsequently evaluated by measuring average neurite length and analyzing expression of β-tubulin III, phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinases, and neurofilament heavy polypeptide. Cellular senescence and related proteins, p16 and p21, were also investigated, including their regulation of antioxidant enzymes. In vivo, brain aging was induced by injecting 250 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) Dg. The effects of supplementing this model with 50 mg/kg b.w. Cur, 50 mg/kg b.w. Hes, or a combination of both for 3 months were subsequently evaluated. Brain aging was examined with a step-through passive avoidance test and apoptosis markers were analyzed in brain cortex tissues. RESULTS: Cur, Hes, and their combination improved neuron length and cellular senescence by decreasing the number of β-gal stained cells, down-regulated expression of p16 and p21, and up-regulated expression of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase 1, glutathione peroxidase 1, and catalase. Administration of Cur, Hes, or their combination also tended to ameliorate cognitive impairment and suppress apoptosis in the cerebral cortex by down-regulating Bax and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase expression and increasing Bcl-2 expression. CONCLUSIONS: Cur and Hes appear to attenuate Dg-induced brain aging via regulation of antioxidant enzymes and apoptosis. These results suggest that Cur and Hes may mediate neuroprotective effects in the aging process, and further study of these antioxidant polyphenolic compounds is warranted.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.1099-1106
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• 2012

The cytotoxicity of the colorant in conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) was investigated in human cancer cell lines and a normal human cell line. Commercially-available CLA with a brown color (designate crude CLA; c-CLA) was distilled in a vacuum (10 mmHg-$220^{\circ}C$, 10 mmHg-$235^{\circ}C$, 10 mmHg-$240^{\circ}C$, and 20 mmHg-$260^{\circ}C$) for 30 min to obtain pure CLA (distilled CLA; d-CLA) and dark brown-colored CLA (residual CLA; r-CLA) samples. No color intensity was shown in the d-CLA sample obtained under 10 mmHg-$220^{\circ}C$ conditions of distillation when the L (brightness), a (red/blue), and b (yellow/green) parameters were analyzed, whereas the r-CLA sample showed a dark brown color. The composition of CLA isomers in both the d- and r-CLA samples, as compared to that of the c-CLA sample, was not significantly different when analyzed by gas chromatography. When the cytotoxicity of the r-CLA and d-CLA samples obtained under 10 mmHg-$220^{\circ}C$ conditions were compared against human breast cancer cells (MCF-7), human lung cancer cells (A-549), human colon cancer cells (HT-29), human prostate cancer cells (PC-3), and human neuroblastoma cells (SK-N-SH), no significant cytotoxicity was seen in the cell lines. These results suggest that the color or colorant in the CLA samples did not have any effects on the proliferation of human cancer and normal cells and imply that the colorant in commercially available CLA samples is safe for human consumption.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.11-21
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between systemic diseases and oral malodor. The author measured the volatile sulfur compound(VSC) of the patients who visited Pusan National University Health Promote Center for a comprehensive medical testing. The patients were examined gingival bleeding on probing, CPI index, tongue coating. Their systemic diseases were diagnosed by the specialist. 182 patients consisted of 112 males and 70 females. In this study, Oral $Chroma^{(R)}$ was used to measure oral malodor. This equipment could measure the concentration of intraoral VSC (hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, dimethyl disulfide). All data were analylized using Statistical Package for the Social Science $12.0^{(R)}$. The result of this study was the followings. 1. There was significant difference of numbers of patient who visited health care center according to the VSC concentration level and the Community Periodontal Index, bleeding on probing, tongue coating. 2. The subjects with hyperlipidemia showed the high level of $CH_3SH$ concentration (p=0.036). The concentration of $H_2S$ tends to be high in the group with abnormal findings on pulmonary fuction test(p=0.086). The concentration of $CH_3SH$ in the groups with abnormal findings on lipid profile test(p=0.130) and bone mineral density test(p=0.099) and abdominal ultrasonograpy(p=0.088) tends to be higher than the other group. 3. The concentration of $(CH_3)_2S$ in the group with abnormal findings on blood pressure test(p=0.113), hepatitis B virus serology(p=0.069), Abdominal ultrasonograpy(p=0.091) tend to be higher than the other group.