• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.467-474
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• 2004

This study was to investigate the biomechanical characteristics of isoflavone-treated ovariectomized growing rat's femur. 4-week-old Wistar (female rats were randomly divided into 5 groups and assigned to sham(SH) group, and four ovariectomized groups consisting of one ovariectomized(OVX) group and genisetin(10 mg/kg b.w. )(OVX+G), daidzein(10 mg/kg b.w.)(OVX+D), and 17 $\beta$-estradiol(10 $\mu$g/kg b.w.)(OVX+ES) in AIN-76 modified diet for 8 weeks. The OVX groups gained more body weight than the SH group. Femoral weight was increased by feeding genistein and estradiol, whereas femoral length among groups was not significantly different. The breaking farce, stiffness, deformation, and energy values of the OVX group were lower than those of other groups. The stress, strain, and Young's modulus values of the OVX group were higher than those of other groups.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.138-145
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• 2008

Purpose: This study, using a pre-posttest design of non-equivalence comparative groups, was done to determine effects of KC (kangaroo care) on weight and SH (stress hormone) of premature infants. Method: Participants were 31 premature infants assigned to KC(14) or CG(control group)(17). Data were collected from June 2006 to February 2007. KC was given for 60 minutes at a time, Mon, Wed, and Fri for a 10 times. Body weight was measured at a fixed time daily and serum cortisol was examined as part of routine blood testing, frequent for premature infants. Results: The weight for infants in the KC group was higher than the control. The difference was significant between both the two groups, and the 2 measurement times(F=12.7, p=.001). SH(cortisol) in infants of KC group decreased than CG, but there was no valid difference from the statistical viewpoint. Conclusion: The result of the study suggest that KC contributes to weight increase in premature infants and also that KC is effective for SH reduction in spite of the lack of statistical validity. Therefore, our conclusion is that KC can be used as an independent nursing intervention for development and advance of premature infants.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제36권7호
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• pp.1232-1241
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of cerebral ischemia on Type I(soleus) and Type II(plantaris, gastrocnemius) muscles, and to determine the effects of isometric contraction training by electro- stimulation on Type I and II muscles in cerebral ischemia model rats. Method: Twenty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: ST(stroke), STES(stroke+electrostimulation), SH(sham) and SHES (sham+electrostimulation). The ST and STES groups received a transient right middle cerebral artery occlusion operation. The SH and SHES groups received a sham operation. The STES and SHES groups had daily isometric contraction training by electrostimulation(100Hz, 45mA, 7.5V) on hindlimb muscles for 7days. Result: Plantaris and gastrocenmius muscle weight, myofibrillar protein contents of soleus and gastrocnemius, and the muscle fiber cross-sectional area of gastrocnemius in the ST group significantly decreased compared with the SH group. Soleus, plantaris, gastrocnemius muscle weight, myofibrillar protein contents of soleus and gastrocnemius, and the Type I muscle fiber cross-sectional area of soleus and the Type II muscle fiber cross-sectional area of gastrocnemius in the STES group significantly increased compared with the 57 group. Conclusion: Hindlimb muscle atrophy occurs after acute stroke and isometric contraction training by electrostimulation during early stages of a stroke attenuates muscle atrophy of Type I and Type II muscles.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제41권7호
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• pp.950-956
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• 2012

본 연구는 함초 열수 추출물의 항비만 효과 및 지질대사 개선 효과를 살펴보기 위하여 5주령된 수컷 흰쥐 36마리를 1주일간 적응시킨 후 정상식이군(NF), 고지방식이(HF)를 6주간 급여하여 비만을 유도하였다. 다시 정상식이군(N), 정상식이+함초 0.5%군(NS), 비만유도 후 정상식이군(H), 비만유도 후 정상식이+함초 0.5%군(HS), 비만유도 후 고지방식이군(HH), 비만유도 후 고지방식이+함초 0.5%군(HHS) 6군으로 나누어 6주간 실험 식이를 급여하였다. 고지방식이로 인하여 대조군과 비교하여 체중이 유의적으로 증가하였으나 함초를 급여한 HHS군의 체중과 체중증가량이 대조군인 HH군과 비교하여 유의적으로 감소하였다. 식이섭취량의 유의차는 없었으나 HHS군의 식이효율이 HH군과 비교하여 유의적으로 감소하여 함초 급여 시 동량의 식이량을 섭취하였으나 체중의 증가량이 적은 것으로 확인되었다. 함초의 급여에 따른 간장의 무게는 대조군과 비교하여 NS, HNS군에서 유의적으로 감소하였으며 HHS군은 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 부고환지방의 무게는 비만 유도군에서 정상군과 비교하여 무게가 유의적으로 증가하였으며 함초를 급여한 NS, HHS군에서 무게가 감소하는 경향을 보였고 HHS군에서는 유의적으로 감소하였다. 신장주변지방의 무게 또한 동일한 경향으로 비만 유도된 군의 지방의 무게가 유의적으로 증가하였고 HNS, HHS군의 지방무게가 유의적으로 감소하였다. 혈청중 지질의 농도는 함초를 급여한 군 모두에서 대조군과 비교하여 중성지방의 농도가 유의적으로 감소하였다. 총 콜레스테롤의 농도는 NS군에서 유의적으로 감소하였으나 비만군에서는 유의차를 보이지 않았다. HDL-콜레스테롤의 농도는 HNS, HHS군에서 유의적으로 감소하였고, LDL-콜레스테롤은 NS군에서 유의적으로 감소하였으나 비만군에서는 유의차를 보이지 않았다. 정상식이와 비교하여 비만유도군의 혈당이 증가된 것이 확인되었고 함초의 급여로 HNS군의 혈당이 유의적으로 감소되었다. 동맥경화지수는 HHS군이 대조군 HH군과 비교하여 유의적으로 감소하였으며 심장위험 지수도 동일하게 HHS군에서 유의적으로 감소하였다. 혈청 중 렙틴의 농도는 N

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.57-63
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• 1972

In an attempt to better understand the radioprotective effect of reduced glutathione(GSH), and to observe a possible radioprotective effect of Ginseng extract, whole body X-irradiation of 1,200 r was administered to the mouse either independently or immediately following the injection of GSH or Ginseng extract to the mouse intraperitoneally. The non-protein sulfhydryl (NP-SH) and non-protein disulfide (NP-SS) levels of the liver, and NP-SH level of NP-SH of the blood of the mouse were measured at 30, 60 and 120 minutes, and results were compared with the normal. The results thus obtained are summarized as follows; 1) The normal values of NP-SH and NP-SS of the mouse liver were $5.90{\pm}0.46\;{\mu}\;mol/gm\;wet\;wt.,\;and\;3.02{\pm}0.42\;{\mu}\;mol/ml$ wet wt., respectively, and the normal value of NP-SH of NP-SH of the mouse blood was $3.98{\pm}1.29\;{\mu}\;mol/ml$ 2) The injection of both GSH and Ginseng extract produced the highest values of NP-SH in the liver at 30 minutes, but a gradual decrease to the normal was observed thereafter. When X-irradiation alone was applied, the liver NP-SH value was lower than the normal at 60 minutes post-irradiation and thereafter. When Ginseng extract was injected immediately prior to X-irradiation, the liver NP-SH was lower than the normal throughout the experiment with the lowest value at 60 minutes. However, the combination of GSH and X-irradiation produced higher than the normal values throughout the entire experiment. 3) The liver NP-SS value was most significantly elevated at 30 minutes after the injection of GSH, hut the recovery to the normal was observed thereafter. The injection of Ginseng extract produced slightly higher liver NP-SS values at 30 and 60 minutes, but the value at 120 minutes was similar to the normal. The single application of X-irradiation resulted in the lower then normal liver NP-SS values throughout the entire experiment. When GSH was injected price to X-irradiation, the liver NP-SS values were higher than the normal at 30 and 60 minutes followed b the recovery to the normal at 120 minutes. The combination of Ginseng extract and X-irradiation showed generally lower liver NP-SS values throughout the experiment. 4) The blood NP-SH showed the higher than the normal values in all the experimental groups except when GSH was injected prior to X-irradiation alone produced e significantly elevated blood NP-SS value at 30 minutes post-irradiation.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.133-140
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• 1993

어육연제품의 제조시 가열에 의한 gel화 및 물성을 연구하기 위하여 소수성잔기의 노출 및 SH기의 증감 등 단백질의 성상변화를 측정하였다. 표면소수성 잔기는 $5{\sim}65^{\circ}C$의 범위에서는 온도의 상승에 따라 증가하였으며, $25{\sim}35^{\circ}C$의 온도범위에서 가장 급속히 증가하여 $35^{\circ}C$에는 처음의 약 2배로 증가하였다. 총SH기는 온도의 상승에 따라 감소하여 $85^{\circ}C$에는 처음의 약 $80\%$로 되었으며, $45^{\circ}C$부터 감소속도가 크게 나타난 바니면, 유리 SH기는 $45^{\circ}C$ 이상의 가열에 의해 크게 증가하였다. 이상의 결과들로 미루어 보아 소수성결합은 setting온도에 해당되는 $35^{\circ}C$ 전후에서 주로 형성되며, disulfide결합은 그보다 높은 $45^{\circ}C$ 이상에서 주로 형성됨을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 2단가열을 행함으로써 탄력이 증가되는 원인은 setting과정에서의 소수성결합에 의한 균일한 망상구조의 형성과 본 가열에 의한 disulfide결합의 형성에 기인하는 것으로 추정된다.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.59-69
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• 2003

The adsorption characteristics of H$_2$S, NH$_3$and $CH_3$SH on the graphite carbon have been investigated using Grand Canonical Monte Carlo(GCMC) method with universal force field (UFF) and dreiding force field. Most of the activated carbons used in vapor phase adsorption have the micropore of 6$\AA$ to 20$\AA$ and the specific surface area of ca. 1000 m$^2$/g, as the result of $N_2$ adsorption by BET method. For the more efficient comparison, the activated carbons have been manipulated with different pore sizes. The adsorption characteristics of H$_2$S, NH$_3$and $CH_3$SH have been considered at various temperatures and pressures. The adsorption amount using Dreiding force field is predicted to be lower than that using UFF. As the temperature is going to high, the adsorption amount of adsorbates is decreased due to their vaporization. Considering the pore size effect, the adsorption characteristic depends on the adsorbate size, polarity and interaction between adsorbates, etc. At all cases employed in this study, NH$_3$ is barely adsorbed and $CH_3$SH is preferentially adsorbed on the graphite carbon. Our theoretical result is qualitatively good agreement with the experimental observation. However, there are some quantitative discrepancies depending on the functional groups and pore size distribution on the real activated carbons used in experiment.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.362-368
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• 2018

There is increased consumer demand for roasted seasoned laver Pyropia yezoensis, processed in various ways. The antioxidative activity of roasted seasoned laver was evaluated at different storage times and the quality of the roasted seasoned laver was improved. The laver was also heated at different temperatures for 3 seconds: $340^{\circ}C$ (SH340), $345^{\circ}C$ (SH345), $350^{\circ}C$ (SH350) and commercial roasted seasoned laver (D) was used as standard. The samples were stored in a transparent acrylic case ($39{\times}27{\times}18cm$) at room temperature for 10 weeks. The total phenolic content began to decrease after 7 weeks of storage and was 395.2, 386.4, 395.8 and $416.4{\mu}g/100g$ for SH340, SH345, SH350 and D, respectively. The respective DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) radical scavenging activity after 7 weeks of storage were 48.6%, 49.5%, 47.7% and 46.1%. The ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) decreased rapidly after 7 weeks of storage due to the influence of sulfate groups. Therefore, the appropriate storage period and packaging method should be established based on these results.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.2045-2049
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• 2012

Objective: To investigate the effect of down-regulation of Sentrin/SUMO-specific protease 1 (SENP1) expression on the apoptosis of human Burkitt lymphoma cells (Daudi cells) and potential mechanisms. Methods: Short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting SENP1 was designed and synthesized and then cloned into a lentiviral vector. A lentiviral packaging plasmid was used to transfect Daudi cells (sh-SENP1-Daudi group). Daudi cells without transfection (Daudi group) and Daudi cells transfected with blank plasmid (sh-NC-Daudi group) served as control groups. Flow cytometry was performed to screen GFP positive cells and semiquantitative PCR and Western blot assays were employed to detect the inference efficiency. The morphology of cells was observed under a microscope before and after transfection. Fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot assays were conducted to measure the mRNA and protein expression of apoptosis related molecules (caspase-3, 8 and 9). After treatment with $COCl_2$ for 24 h, the mRNA and protein expression of hypoxia inducible factor -$1{\alpha}$ (HIF-$1{\alpha}$) was determined. Results: Sequencing showed the expression vectors of shRNA targeting SENP1 to be successfully constructed. Following screening of GFP positive cells by FCM, semiqualitative PCR showed the interference efficiency was $79.2{\pm}0.026%$. At 48 h after transfection, the Daudi cells became shrunken, had irregular edges and presented apoptotic bodies. Western blot assay revealed increase in expression of caspase-3, 8 and 9 with prolongation of transfection (P<0.05). Following hypoxia treatment, mRNA expression of HIF-$1{\alpha}$ remained unchanged in three groups (P>0.05) but the protein expression of HIF-$1{\alpha}$ markedly increased (P<0.05). However, in the sh-SENP1-Daudi group, the protein expression of HIF-$1{\alpha}$ remained unchanged Conclusion: SENP1-shRNA can efficiently inhibit SENP1 expression in Daudi cells. SENP1 inhibition may promote cell apoptosis. These findings suggest that SENP1 may serve as an important target in the gene therapy of Burkitts lymphoma.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.209-212
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• 2022

We recently reported that Gastrodia elata extracts (GEE) had an effects to protect against lipopolysaccharide-induced cognitive impairment in vivo model. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects and the mechanism of action of GEE in hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-induced cell death of SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell. The SH-SY5Y cells were divided into five groups, including control(non-treated group), 100 μM H₂O₂, 100, 200, 500 ㎍/㎖ GEE+ 100 μM H₂O₂ groups. Pre- and co-treatment with GEE prevented cell death induced by 100 μM H₂O₂ for 24 h in SH-SY5Y cells. Our findings also showed that anti-oxidants enzymes (Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase, Mn superoxide dismutase, catalase) were up-regulated by 100 μM H₂O₂. But GEE suppressed H₂O₂-induced anti-oxidants enzymes decrease in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with GEE also inhibited phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor-2α (eIF-2α) and p38 by H₂O₂. Taken together, the neuroprotective effects of GEE in terms of recovery of antioxidant enzymes expression, down-regulation of eIF-2α and p38 phosphorylation, and inhibition of cell death are associated with reduced oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells.