• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.35 no.8
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• pp.667-675
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• 2011

As the annual growth rate of port handling container volume in Korea has faced slowdown, this paper attempts to find strategies for the domestic container terminal operators in order to enhance competitiveness. For this, the model of using AHP and the fuzzy set theory is used for evaluating competitiveness between domestic and global container terminal operators. The evaluation model hierarchy is developed based on SERM(subject-environment-resource-mechanism) theory of business strategy. The results show domestic operators are ranked lower than global player so that they particularly pay attention to the areas of scale of economy, business diversification, and globalization strategy.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.88-96
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• 1989

General measure in the reliability is the k-terminal reliability, which is the probability that the specified vertices are connected by the working edges. To compute the k-terminal reliability components are usually assumed to be statistically independent. In this study the modeling and analysis of the k-terminal reliability are investigated when dependency among components is considered. As the size of the network increases, the number of the joint probability parameter to represent the dependency among components is increasing exponentially. To avoid such a difficulty the structured-event-based-reliability model (SERM) is presented. This model uses the combination of the network topology (physical representation) and reliability block diagram (logical representation). This enables us to represent the dependency among components in a network form. Computational algorithms for the k-terminal reliability in SERM are based on the factoring algorithm Two features of the ractoring algorithm are the reliability preserving reduction and the privoting edge selection strategy. The pivoting edge selction strategy is modified by two different ways to tackle the replicated edges occuring in SERM. Two algorithms are presented according to each modified pivoting strategy and illustrated by numerical example.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.98-105
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• 2014

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare retrospectively the efficacy of anti-osteoporotic agents (RAL-Raloxifene 60 mg, ALD-weekly alendronate 70 mg, RSD-weekly risedronate 35 mg, AVD3-weekly alendronate 70 mg/vitamin $D_3$ 2800IU, IBD-quarterly IV ibandronate 3 mg/3 ml, ZLD-yearly IV zoledronate 5 mg/100 ml) in postmenopausal patients with osteoporosis or osteopenia. Method: This study retrospectively reviewed medical record and compared the lumbar spine BMD percentage changes of each medicine group one year later from the baseline. 209 patients (27, 50, 60, 30, 35, and 7 patients in RAL, ALD, RSD, AVD3, IBD, and ZLD groups, respectively) are within the inclusion criteria for the study. Results: From baseline to month 12, lumbar spine BMD increased significantly larger with bisphosphonate groups, compared to SERM (p < 0.05). In all bisphosphonate groups, the lumbar spine BMD were increased significantly from baseline. Of the bisphosphonates, the changes from baseline in BMD of IV bisphosphonates were more larger than those of oral bisphosphonates, and yearly, quarterly bisphosphonates yielded significantly greater BMD gains, compared with weekly bisphosphonate groups (p<0.05). In addition, patients receiving 70 mg weekly alendronate+vitamin D3 had greater gains in BMD than alendronate Single preparation (p<0.05). Conclusion: Bisphosphonates yielded significantly greater BMD gains than SERM. Of the bisphosphonates, the changes from baseline in BMD of yearly, quarterly IV bisphosphonates yielded significantly greater BMD gains, compared with weekly oral bisphosphonate groups. In addition, vitamin D3 plays an significant role in BMD gains.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.15
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• pp.89-122
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• 2002

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.347-354
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• 2014

Larrea nitida is a plant that belongs to the Zygophyllaceae family and is widely used in South America to treat inflammatory diseases, tumors and menstrual pain. However, its pharmacological activity remains unclear. In this study we evaluated the property of selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) of Larrea nitida extracts (LNE) as a phytoestrogen that can mimic, modulate or disrupt the actions of endogenous estrogens, depending on the tissue and relative amount of other SERMs. To investigate the property of SERM of LNE, we performed MCF-7 cell proliferation assays, estrogen response element (ERE)-luciferase reporter gene assay, human estrogen receptor (hER) binding assays and in vivo uterotrophic assay. To gain insight into the active principles, we performed a bioassay-guided analysis of LNE employing solvents of various polarities and using classical column chromatography, which yielded 16 fractions (LNs). LNE showed high binding affinities for $hER{\alpha}$ and $hER{\beta}$ with $IC_{50}$ values of $1.20{\times}10^{-7}$ g/ml and $1.00{\times}10^{-7}$ g/ml, respectively. LNE induced $17{\beta}$-estradiol (E2)-induced MCF-7 cell proliferation, however, it reduced the proliferation in the presence of E2. Furthermore, LNE had an atrophic effect in the uterus of immature rats through reducing the expression level of progesterone receptor (PR) proteins. LN08 and LN10 had more potent affinities for binding on $hER{\alpha}$ and ${\beta}$ than other fractions. Our results indicate that LNE had higher binding affinities for $hER{\beta}$ than $hER{\alpha}$, and showed SERM properties in MCF-7 breast cancer cells and the rat uterus. LNE may be useful for the treatment of estrogen-related conditions, such as female cancers and menopause.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.257-265
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• 1989

Normal healthy non vegetarian and lact$\infty$,vo­v vegetarian women were studied after they con­S sumed carrot juices as supplements. Daily sup­p plementation resulted in significant increase in serum levels of $\alpha$-, $\beta$-carotene and total carote­n noid in nonvegetarians and $\alpha$-and $\beta$-carotene in lactoovovegetarians. Reflection in serum and $\beta$-carotene was higher in nonvegetarians m than lactoovovegetarians. However, serum caro­t tene values were not significantly different between group after continous supplementation of reducing amounts of carotenes. Serm retionol levels were not changed throughout the study period and were not significantly different bet­w ween nonvegetarians and lactooovegetarians. The results suggest that serm total carotenoid cannot bean indicator of individual carotene such as $\alpha$-or $\beta$-carotene in serum and serum carotene levels are closely related to dietary carotene intake both in nonvegetartins and lac­t toovovegetanans

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.3
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• pp.39-62
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• 1999

본 논문은 영 호남 양 지역의 백색가전제품(냉장고, 세탁기 두 제품에 한정함)제조기지에서 출시되는 제품의 원가분석을 통해서 강한 원가우위를 유지할 수 있을 것인가 하는 문제에 대해 먼저 양 지역의 산업군집(regional cluster)의 형성요인, 발전요인 및 경쟁력 현황을 1차, 2차 자료의 수집을 통해 분석하고 가용자료의 한계속에서 제품별 원가구성을 도시하여 비교하였다. 위 두 분석의 결과를 가지고 가용전략을 도출하였다. 글로벌 경쟁속에서 지속적인 비교우위는 점차 멀리 떨어져있는 경쟁자들이 대적할 수 없는 지방적인 것, 그것이 지식이건 관련성이건 아니면 개인 및 집단의 성취동기이건 간에, 그 내부에 놓이게 된다. 양 지역 가전산업의 발전전략으로 재료비 비중의 혁신적 절감방안(신소재 개발 R&D 추구), 국내외 관련산업과의 전략적 제휴, 고유의 우위요소 개발, 지역군집 또는 집적효과의 이용, SERM모형의 대입, 품질원가제도의 강화 등을 연역 귀납하였다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.149-156
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• 1993

Human chorionic gonadotropin(hCG) and intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG) treatment were attempted as a novel therapeutic approach for unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion(RSA). Forty-four and 3 women with a history of RSA were treated with hCG and IVIG, respectively, during pregnancy. Of these patients, serum blocking factor assay was performed before and after each treatment, in 15 patients; 12 cases with hCG and 3 cases with IVIG. The results were as follows: 1. Of 44 women who receive hCG during pregnancy, 24 delivered healthy infants at term, 10 patients suffered repeat abortion, and 10 women are still pregnant under 28 weeks. Over all success rate of hCG treatment was 70.6% (24/34). Although there is no statistical significance, absolute serm blocking level was decreased after treatment(N=12). 2. Of 3 women who receive IVIG during pregnancy, all 3 women are still pregnant under 28 weeks. Serum blocking level was increased after treatment, however, this increment was not statistically significant. Although no conclusion could be extracted from the patients who received IVIG, the therapeutic effect of hCG is comparable to that of the other therapeutic regimens, such as allogeneic leukocytes. It was postulated that actual etiology of unknown RSA would be classified as hormonal origin although combined etiologies are common in Korean women.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 1999.07a
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• pp.105-105
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• 1999

차세대 기억소자에서는 집접도의 증가, 고속화, 그리고 미세화에 따라 배선간으 최소선폭이 작아지고, 새로운 다층 배선기술이 요구되는 가운데 층간절연막의 재료와 형성기술은 소자의 특성을 향상시켜주는 중요한 요소로서 열적안정성, 저유전율, 평탄화특성 등에 핵심을 두고 연구되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 5인치 p-Si(100) 위에 FTES와 O2를 precursor로 하고 carrier gas를 Ar gas하여 ICP CVD 방법으로 저유전율의 Fluorocarbonated-SiO2 박막을 형성하였다. 0.1-1kW, 13.56MHz인 rf power를 사용하였으며, 증착은 RT에서 5~10분으로 하였다. 형성된 박막은 FTIR(fourier transform infrared), XPS(x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy), 그리고 ellipsopsometer 등을 이용하여 결합모드와 F농도, 균일도 등을 측정하고, I-V와 C-V 측정장치, 그리고 SERM(scanning electrion microscopy) 등을 이용하여 유전상수, 누설전류, dielectric breakdown voltage, 그리고 박막의 stepcoverage를 측정하였다. 제작된 박막의 신뢰성은 열처리에 따른 전기적 특성으로부터 조사하였다. 형성된 fluorocarbonated 박막 결합모드는 Si-F, Si-O, O-C, C-C와 C-F였고 O2:FTES:Ar 유량을 1sccm:10sccm:6sccm으로 하여 증착한 시료에서 유전율은 2.8이었으며, 누설전류밀도는 8$\times$10-9A/cm2, Breakdown voltage는 10MV/cm 이상, 그리고 stepcoverage는 91%로 측정되었다.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.85-93
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• 2011

Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are synthetic molecules which bind to estrogen receptors (ER) and can modulate its transcriptional capabilities in different ways in diverse estrogen target tissues. Tamoxifen, the prototypical SERM, is extensively used for targeted therapy of ER positive breast cancers. Unfortunately, the use of tamoxifen is associated with acquired resistance and some undesirable side effects. This study investigated the availability of the conventional SERMs on the TAM-resistance breast cancer cells. SERMs showed more effectiveness in MCF-7 cells than tamoxifen resistant cells, except toremifene and ospemifene. Especially, toremifene was more efficacious in tamoxifen resistant cells than MCF-7. Ospemifene had similar cytotoxic activity on the two types of breast cancers. The other SERMs used in this experiment didn't inhibit efficiently the proliferation of tamoxifen resistant cells. These results support the possibility to usage of toremifene on tamoxifen resistant cancer. The effectiveness by toremifene on tamoxifen resistant cells might be different pathways from the apoptosis and the autophagy. Further study should be needed to elucidate the underlying mechanism of effect of toremifene on tamoxifen resistant cancer.