• Title/Summary/Keyword: SELF-efficacy

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An Effects of Authentic Leadership and Transformational Leadership on Change Supportive Behavior in Small and Medium-size Business: Focused on Mediating Effect of Positive Psychological Capital (중소기업에서 상사의 변혁적 리더십과 진성 리더십이 변화지지행동에 미치는 영향: 긍정심리자본의 매개효과에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Kyu Han;Huh, Chul Moo
    • Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.135-149
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    • 2019
  • Today, a growing number of companies are in trouble because leaders are lack of authentic leadership. Small and midium sized companies have the same issue. To correct the issue, there must be a real change in the relationship between managers and employees of the company as well as outside the company. In 21st century, authentic leadership is required. However, the research about determinants of change supportive behavior is not sufficient. Therefore, the purpose of this study is how manager's transformational leadership and authentic leadership affects change supportive behavior of employees in small and midium sized companies. The study also has to prove the role of positive psychological capital as a parameter. Data were collected from 424 employees working for small and midium sized companies in metropolitan area around Seoul and Gyeonggi. The data were analyzed using statistical package SPSS ver.21.0 and AMOS ver.18.0. Based on the research, First, the transformational leadership does not affect the change supportive behavior. However, authentic leadership affects the change supportive behavior. Also, positive psychological capital playes a role as parameter when transformational and authentic leadership, that are independent variable, affect change supportive behavior. On the other hand, the research shows that authentic leadership has more influence than transformational leadership on positive psychological capital. Transformational leadership without genuine attitude cannot affect change support behavior of employees in small and medium sized companies. Therefore, to affect change supportive behavior of employee, authentic leadership with genuine mind is required. After discussing the conclusions and implications of this study. the direction of the study for the follow - up study was suggested.

Strategies for Increasing the Value and Sustainability of Archaeological Education in the Post-COVID-19 Era (포스트 코로나 시대 고고유산 교육의 가치와 지속가능성을 위한 전략)

  • KIM, Eunkyung
    • Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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    • v.55 no.2
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    • pp.82-100
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    • 2022
  • With the crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic and the era of the 4th industrial revolution, archaeological heritage education has entered a new phase. This article responds to the trends in the post-COVID-19 era, seeking ways to develop archaeological heritage education and sustainable strategies necessary in the era of the 4th industrial revolution. The program of archaeological heritage education required in the era of the 4th industrial revolution must cultivate creative talent, solve problems, and improve self-efficacy. It should also draw attention to archaeological heritage maker education. Such maker education should be delivered based on constructivism and be designed by setting specific learning goals in consideration of various age-specific characteristics. Moreover, various ICT-based contents applying VR, AR, cloud, and drone imaging technologies should be developed and expanded, and, above all, ontact digital education(real-time virtual learning) should seek ways to revitalize communities capable of interactive communication in non-face-to-face situations. The development of such ancient heritage content needs to add AI functions that consider learners' interests, learning abilities, and learning purposes while producing various convergent contents from the standpoint of "cultural collage." Online archaeological heritage content education should be delivered following prior learning or with supplementary learning in consideration of motivation or field learning to access the real thing in the future. Ultimately, archaeological ontact education will be delivered using cutting-edge technologies that reflect the current trends. In conjunction with this, continuous efforts are needed for constructive learning that enables discovery and question-exploration.

Effects of Out-of-school STEAM Programs Based on Social-Emotional Learning (사회정서학습 기반의 학교 밖 STEAM 프로그램의 효과)

  • Lee, Hyunjoo;Lee, Soo-Yong;Jung, Jaeeun;Lee, Saebyoul;Choi, Eunhye;Kwak, E-Rang;Kim, Younghwa;Chang, Hyewon
    • Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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    • v.41 no.4
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    • pp.740-753
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    • 2022
  • This study was conducted to develop and apply an out-of-school STEAM program model based on Social-Emotional Learning (SEL) for underprivileged students in the lower grades. To this end, a STEAM program based on SEL was developed, with the following characteristics. First, by integrating traditional STEAM learning elements and SEL elements, a structured program was designed with consistent stages, including mindfulness meditation→present an authentic situation→creative design→emotional experiences→reflection. Second, the program was structured so that elementary school students could develop mathematical thinking and scientific inquiry skills in problem-solving situations in daily life. Third, the detailed themes for each STEAM program involved storytelling-based problem situations, as well as activities centered on play and sympathy to reflect the educational needs of underprivileged students. From these characteristics, a total of five programs were developed and applied to 16 teachers and 354 lower-grade elementary school students in 16 community children centers nationwide. The results were as follows. First, while students' satisfaction with the STEAM program was 4.16, there were no significant differences in STEAM satisfaction according to gender. Second, while all students' interest and self-efficacy, which was one of sub factors of STEAM attitude, were significantly improved, no significant difference was seen in STEAM attitudes according to gender. Third, although students' SEL competencies were not significantly improved, relationship skills, which were among the sub factors of SEL competencies, were significantly improved, and there were no significant differences in SEL competencies according to gender. From these results, a discussion on the effect of the out-of-school STEAM program for underprivileged students and directions for follow-up studies was suggested.

Development and evaluation of a nutrition education program for housewives to reduce sodium intake: application of the social cognitive theory and a transtheoretical model (주부대상 나트륨 섭취 줄이기 영양교육 프로그램 개발 및 효과 평가: 사회인지론과 행동변화단계모델 적용)

  • Ahn, Sohyun;Kwon, Jong-Sook;Kim, Kyungmin;Kim, Hye-Kyeong
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.55 no.1
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    • pp.174-187
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    • 2022
  • Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate an education program for housewives to reduce sodium intake based on the social cognitive theory. Methods: Housewives (n = 387) received 2 education sessions focused on food purchase and cooking, and completed a questionnaire on their perceptions of environmental, cognitive, and behavioral factors and the stages of behavioral change to reducing sodium intake both before and after the education program. Results: After the education program, the recognition of social efforts for sodium reduction and sodium labeling and experience with low-sodium products increased. Positive expectancies for the prevention of osteoporosis by the reduction of sodium were enhanced while the main barriers in practicing sodium reduction decreased, especially 'interrupting social relationships when dining with others', 'bad taste', 'preference for soup or stew', and 'limited knowledge and skills to practice'. In addition, cognition and nutrition knowledge related to reducing sodium intake were improved on all scores, but the effect on self-efficacy and dietary behavior was limited to only a few items. The percentage of participants in the pre-action stage (including pre-contemplation, contemplation, and preparation stages) for reducing sodium intake decreased from 43.2% before education to 21.5% after education, while that in the action stage increased from 19.6% before education to 43.5% after education (p < 0.001). The education program had the most significant impact on participants who were in the pre-action stage and showed improved scores in all sections. Conclusion: These results suggest that a customized education program for housewives could be an effective tool to reduce sodium intake by improving personal expectancies, cognition, and nutrition knowledge regarding sodium reduction and enabling a greater section of the population to move to the action stage of reducing sodium intake.

Comparison of Substance Change and Antibacterial Activity Before and After Fermentation Using Resource Plants for The Development of Natural Preservatives (천연방부제 개발을 위한 자원식물을 활용한 발효 전·후 물질 변화와 항균활성 비교)

  • Seo A Jung;Youn Ok Jung;Ga Hyeon Song;No Bok Park
    • Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.20-35
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    • 2023
  • Chemical preservatives have a good effect on antibacterial activity, but many side effects on the human body have been reported. Recently, the development of natural preservatives that are harmless to the human body and have preservative functions and self-efficacy is active. In addition, in order to increase the absorption rate of natural products by the human body, the method of fermentation using strains is also increasing. Therefore, this study selected varieties that are harmless to the human body and have good antibacterial activity. 1. The yield of origin, thickness and solvent was investigated. Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi was made in China and received a yield of 21.88% from 50% ethyl alcohol extract. Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge was made in Korea and received a yield of 25.62% from 50% ethyl alcohol extract. Dryopteris crassirhizoma Nakai was made in China and received a yield of 6.50% from 70% ethyl alcohol extract. 2. The solid fermentation with the S. baicalensis and S. miltiorrhiza with B. Subtilis yield gained 24.40%, 39.30%, and D. crassirhizoma obtained 11.10% yield when fermented with L. casei. 3. After the liquid fermentation, a clear zone of 9mm was identified for the S. aureus strain in the S. baicalensis, and the antibacterial activity was not confirmed in S. miltiorrhiza and D. crassirhizoma. 4. When the S. baicalensis was fermented with L. Casei, it showed high antibacterial activity in C. albicans and S. aureus. S. miltiorrhiza showed antibacterial activity in S. aureus when it was solid with S. cerevisiae. When the spectators were solid with L. casei and S. cerevisiae, antibacterial activity was high in E. coli and S. aureus. Overall, the antibacterial activity after fermentation was much higher than when fermented. 5. The change in active ingredients was baicalin 101.57, baicalein 28.26, and wogonin 5.33mg/g in the S. baicalensis that did not ferment solid. When solid fermentation with S. cerevisiae, the content of baicalinin with baicalin 94.31, baicalein 30.41, and wogonin 3.57mg/g was found to have increased. S. miltiorrhiza that was not fermented, salvianolic acid A was 1.82mg/g, and when fermented with S. cerevisiae, it increased to 5.70mg/g. The active ingredients of the spectators were flavaspidic acid AP, flavaspidic acid PB, flavaspidic acid AB, and flavaspidic acid BB.

The Effect of Participation Degree in Sports for all of People with Physical Disabilities on Positive Psychological Capital(PPC) (지체장애인의 생활체육 참여정도가 긍정심리자본(PPC)에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Dae-Kyung;Park, Jin-Woo;Kim, Hye-Min;Lee, Hyun-Su
    • 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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    • v.54 no.5
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    • pp.867-876
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    • 2015
  • This study was intended to closely examine an effect that the level of physically challenged person's participation in community sports had on positive psychological capital. In order to accomplish the purpose of study, data on 212 physically challenged persons who lived in B city and participated in community sports were analyzed. Korean version of positive psychological capital created by Taehong Lim (2014) through the reconstruction of scales developed by Luthans, Youssef and Avolio(2007) and Sangwan Jeon and Jonghun Yang's (2009) level of participation in community sports was reconstructed through modification·improvement as measurement instrument. An exploratory factor analysis, reliability test, paired difference test, and multiple regression analysis was carried out by using SPSS 18.0 program for data processing. First, It was shown that there was a significant difference in positive psychological capital according to gender, age, and disability grade among physically challenged persons' socio-demographic characteristics. Second, it was shown that, among sub-variables (period, frequency and intensity) of level of physically challenged persons' participation in community sports, the frequency of participation and the intensity of participation had a significant effect on self efficacy. On the other hand, it was shown that the period of participation didn't have a significant effect. Third, it was shown that the frequency of participation had a significant effect on optimism. On the other hand, it was shown that the period of participation and the intensity of participation didn't have a significant effect. Fourth, it was shown that the frequency of participation and the intensity of participation had a significant effect on hope. On the other hand, it was shown that no significant effect was produced on the period of participation. Fifth, it was shown that the frequency of participation had a significant effect on resilience. On the other hand, it was shown that no significant effect was produced on the period of participation and the intensity of participation. Sixth, it was shown that the frequency of participation and the intensity of participation had a significant effect on positive psychological capital. And it was shown that no significant effect was produced on the period of participation.

A Study on the Ecological Factors Affecting the Quality of Life among the Elderly People (노년기 삶의 질에 영향을 미치는 생태체계적 요인에 관한 연구)

  • Bae, Na-Rae;Park, Chung-Sun
    • 한국노년학
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    • v.29 no.2
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    • pp.761-779
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    • 2009
  • The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors affecting the quality of life of elderly people from the ecological perspective. Specifically, this study attempts to compare the relative contributions of the variables from the individual system, microsystem, mesosystem, and macrosystem on the quality of life of the elderly people. The subjects for this study consisted of 443 elderly over 60 years old in Daegu city, Gyeongsang-do, and Chungchung-do areas. The data were collected randomly by interviews with a structured questionnaire, and analyzed by frequencies, means, ANOVA, and hierarchial regression method. The major-findings of this study were as follows: 1. The quality of life of the elderly consisted of four factors; physical, economic, psychological, and social factors. The highest satisfaction score for the quality of life was found in psychological factors, The global satisfaction score for the quality of life was found to be relatively high. 2. Out of the individual factors influencing the quality of life of the elderly, the economic status of the respondent was found to be the most important. Out of the microsystemic factors, the most important factors were found to be the intimacy with the spouse and with the children. Out of the mesosysystemic factors, the degree of the social participation of the elderly was found to be the most significant. However, none of the macrosystemic factors were found to be important in influencing the quality of life of the elderly people. 3. The relative significances of the variables contributing to the quality of life of the elderly were analyzed using a hierarchical regression technique. It was found that there was no significant factor in social background and mesosystemic variables. On the other hand, the degree of the self-efficacy and the level of the economic status from the individual factors, and the intimacy with the spouse and the children from microsystemic factors were found to be very significant in contributing the quality of life of the elderly.