• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.199.2-200
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• 2000

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Plant Resources
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.87-90
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• 2005

In tobacco, in vitro pollination has been successfully applied to overcome interspecific incompatibility. The use of this technique will make it possible to introduce DNA into pollen tubes just before fertilization. In this study, we showed improvement of the efficiency of in vitro self-pollination and introduction of foreign genes into pollen tubes by the method of polycation. A plasmid harbouring the GUS gene was introduced into pollen grains and pollen tubes, which had incubated on pollen germination medium(PGM), by polyornithine method. Transient expression of the GUS in pollen grains and pollen tubes that were treated with 0, 2, 5 and $10{\mu}g/m\ell$ DNA was observed. In results, combination of the techniques of polyornithine and in vitro pollination was efficient new technique for genetic transformation through fertilization processes.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.467-472
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• 2009

This study was conducted to break down the self-incompatibility of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge by old-flower pollination, NaCl and $CO_2$ treatment. The old-flower pollination in green house produced fertilization during the 1st and 2nd day after flowering from early September to early October, but almost no fertilization in late August. The most successful pollination occurred in late September at the 1st day after flowering when pod setting was 33.3% and that of seed set was about 86.2%. The old-flower pollination in field showed pod setting for the control group from late August to early October, but no seed set except the days of mid-September and late September. The most successful pollination occurred in late September during the 2nd day of flowering when the percentage of pod setting was 39% and that of seed set was 94.9%. The wrapping in field set pods from late August to early October, but did not set seeds except in mid and end of September. The percentage of pods was 39% and percentage of seeds was 94.9% about flowering after first day in end of September. by field culture. The best result from NaCl treatment was achieved when 1% NaCl treatment in green house produced 21.3% of pod setting in early October and 66.7% of seed set in late September. In field, NaCl 5% treatment produced best result with 7.3% of pod setting and 90.9% of seed set in mid-September. No differences were observed between the $CO_2$ 700ppm treatment and the control group.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.588-592
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• 2012

To examine the reason of empty samara production of Chinese elm, Ulmus parviflora, twenty two planted trees in Wonju-si were monitered for three years in terms of their flowering, pollinatiom system and samara characteristics. Inflorescences with bisexual flowers of Chinese elm are developed in the leaf axils on the twigs. Dichogamous flowers are varied with protogynuous and protandrous flower, and stamens in some bisexual flowers are developed in seperated time on a inflorescence or a tree. It is revealed newly that the flower of Chinese elm is out-crossed and partially insect(Apis mellifera) pollinated. The ratios of sound samara are significantly differed among years, the heighest values 65.5% were shown in 2009, lowered 42.9% in 2010, and the lowest 37.5% in 2011. This result might be affected by mean daily precipitation and number of rainy days during the flowering date, and lower temperature during the floral initiation stage, especially in 2011. These findings suggest that Chinese elm has self-incompatibility strategy and much pollination failure resulted in a production of much empty samaras. Further researches on the empty-seed production strategies and pollination system of major tree species might be needed.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.479-484
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• 2013

PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of additional acid etching and curing mechanism (light-curing or self-curing) of a composite resin on the dentin bond strength and compatibility of one-step self-etching adhesives. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Sixteen human permanent molars were randomly divided into eight groups according to the adhesives used (All-Bond Universal: ABU, Clearfil S3 Bond: CS3), additional acid etching (additional acid etching performed: EO, no additional acid etching performed: EX), and composite resins (Filtek Z-250: Z250, Clearfil FII New Bond: CFNB). Group 1: ABU-EO-Z250, Group 2: ABU-EO-CFNB, Group 3: ABU-EX-Z250, Group 4: ABU-EX-CFNB, Group 5: CS3-EO-Z250, Group 6: CS3-EO-CFNB, Group 7: CS3-EX-Z250, Group 8: CS3-EX-CFNB. After bonding procedures, composite resins were built up on dentin surfaces. After 24-hour water storage, the teeth were sectioned to make 10 specimens for each group. The microtensile bond strength test was performed using a microtensile testing machine. The failure mode of the fractured specimens was examined by means of an optical microscope at ${\times}20$ magnification. The data was analyzed using a one-way ANOVA and Scheffe's post-hoc test (${\alpha}$=.05). RESULTS. Additional etching groups showed significantly higher values than the no additional etching group when using All-Bond Universal. The light-cured composite resin groups showed significantly higher values than the self-cured composite resin groups in the Clearfil S3 Bond. CONCLUSION. The additional acid etching is beneficial for the dentin bond strength when using low acidic one-step self-etch adhesives, and low acidic one-step self-etch adhesives are compatible with self-cured composite resin. The acidity of the one-step self-etch adhesives is an influencing factor in terms of the dentin bonding strength and incompatibility with a self-cured composite resin.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.154-157
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• 2009

Pear has a gametophytic self-incompatibility (SI) system and its SI reaction is controlled by a single multi-allelic S-locus. 'Wonkyo Na-jasoojung 2' was selected from a cross between 'Wonwhang', early season major pear cultivar with high fruit quality and self-incompatible, and 92-18-79 (${S_4}^{sm}{S_4}^{sm}$) obtained from self cross of 'Osa-nijisseiki' (${S_2S_4}^{sm}$) (SM, stylar-part mutant), self-compatible bud mutant that originated from self-incompatible 'Nijisseiki' ($S_2S_4$) made in 2001 at the National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration in Korea. '92-18-79' was selected as a self-compatible source through field investigation. It bloomed 1 day earlier than 'Osa-Nijisseiki' and similar to 'Wonwhang' in 2008. It is medium in tree vigor and spreading in tree habit. 'Wonkyo Na-jasoojung 2' is classified as highly susceptible to pear scab (Venturia nashicola) similar to 'Osa-Nijisseiki' and as resistant to black spot (Alternaria kikuchiana) similar to 'Wonwhang'. It had 65.7% fruiting rate by self pollination. The average optimum harvest time of 'Wonkyo Na-jasoojung 2' was 148 days after full bloom and it matured 2 days earlier than 'Osa-Nijisseiki' and 11 days later than 'Wonwhang'. The fruit is roundish oblate in shape and yellowish brown in skin color. Average fruit weight was 445 g and soluble solids content was 13.3 $^{\circ}Brix$. The flesh had abundant juice and negligible grit.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.53-56
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• 1999

Fifty-three isolates of Fusarium graminearum were obtained from corn and barley samples in several provinces of Korea. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis of trichothecenes produced by these isolates revealed that 37 and 16 isolates were nivalenol (NIV)- and deoxynivalenol (DON)-chemotypes, respectively. Two hundred and seventy-five nitrate-nonutilizing (nit) mutants were obtained from the isolates. Of these mutants, 187 were identified as nit1, nit3, or NitM, but 88 could not be identified as one of these classes. The highest frequency of nit mutant was nit1 (65%), followed by nit3 (20%) and NitM (15%). Higher frequency of NitM was observed in DON-chemotypes than in NIV-chemotypes. The mutants were used for vegetative compatibility group (VCG) analysis by examining heterokaryosis using complementary mutant pairs. No heterokaryon formation was observed among all 1,248 pairwise combinations, suggesting that all isolates tested belong to different VCGs. Higher frequency of self-incompatibility was observed in NIV-chemotypes than in DON-chemotypes. These results suggest that the like-lihood of asexual genetic recombination may be very low I F. graminearum under the field condition.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.227-230
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• 2000

A total of 90 isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. melonis, the causal agent of oriental melon (Cucumis melo var. makuwa) wilt, was isolated from symptomatic tissues of oriental melon from 4 provinces in Korea. These isolates were grouped into vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) by demonstrating heterokaryosis through complementation using nitrate nonutilizing (nit) mutants. No self-incompatibility was observed in any of isolates. All isolates were grouped into 3 VCGs ; A, B, and C. iSOLATES BELONGING TO VCG A and VCG B accounted for 87% and 91% of the fungal population collected in 1991 and 1993, respectively. As the increment of cultivation period in the same field, the proportion of isolates belonging to VCG B increased whereas that of isolates belonging to VCG A decreased. Mean virulence of a total population increased as the increment of cultivation period in the same field. Isolates belonging to VCG B showed the highest increment of virulence. These data suggest that replanting of a host plant in the same field may cause increase of virulence in the pathogens. Furthermore, virulence of F. oxysporum f.sp. melonis isolates is related to the VCGs.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.757-763
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• 2012

To acquaint correct information about the fertilizability and analyze S-allele based genetic diversity among Korean apples, we investigated self-incompatibility genotypes by PCR and cross-pollination tests in field. As a consequence, S-genotypes of Korean apples were distributed within narrow genetic diversity as $S_1S_3$ for 'Hongro' and 'Saenara'; $S_1S_9$ for 'Gamhong' and 'Manbok'; $S_3S_5$ for 'Seokwang'; $S_3S_9$ for 'Sunhong', 'Seohong', 'Chukwang', and 'Hwahong'. Coupled with cross-pollination experiments in field, our results provide support for the view that apples are fully compatible when both of their S-loci differ and semi-compatible when they carry one different and one identical S-locus. Furthermore, the results of this study indicate that S-alleles have to be extended to various genotypes for Korean apple breeding.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.61-70
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• 2015

To develop an effective and efficient measurement system for tracking changes of functional status across two measures, it is essential to integrate information and communicate scores across two measures. The lack of communication between two measures leads to score incompatibility. A potential solution would be the development of a crosswalk table between those measures. Prior to creating a crosswalk table, selecting common items between two measures is critical. By using the Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire (Oswestry) and a short form measuring disability resulting from low back pain, item level statistics as well as differential item functioning (DIF) using the Rasch measurement were investigated. Eighty-two participants with known group validity were recruited. Based on the application of the Rasch measurement model, item difficulties across the two measures were logically and hierarchically ordered. Ceiling effects for both measures were detected, which were not be able to be effectively measured with the two measures. The DIF analysis across the two measures confirmed that five paired items were found to have DIF and five common items were selected for common items. Although five paired items function differently across the Oswestry and the short form, all items of both measures were well targeted study participants. The common items selected by the Rasch measurement model may be effective when creating a crosswalk table between the Oswestry and the short form.