• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.137-144
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• 2015

Purpose: The high energy requirement of extraction of oil from jatropha seed and reduction of loss in oil content between whole seed and kernel of jatropha necessitate seed shelling. The purpose of this study is to develop and evaluate the performance of a jatropha seed shelling machine based on seed moisture content. Methods: A shelling machine was designed and constructed for jatropha seed. The components are frame, hopper, shelling chamber, concave, and blower with discharge units. The performance evaluation of the machine was carried out by determining parameters such as percentage of whole kernel recovered, percentage of broken kernel recovered, percentage of partially shelled seed, percentage of unshelled seed, machine capacity, machine efficiency, and shelling efficiency. All of the parameters were evaluated at five different moisture levels: 8.00%, 9.37%, 10.77%, 12.21%, and 13.68% w.b.). Results: The shelling efficiency of the machine increased with increase in seed moisture content; the percentage of whole kernel recovered and percentage of partially shelled seed decreased with increase in moisture content; and percentage of broken kernel, machine efficiency, and percentage of unshelled seed followed a sinusoidal trend with moisture content variation. Conclusion: The best operating condition for the shelling machine was at a moisture content of 8.00% w.b., at which the maximum percentage of whole kernel recovered was 23.23% at a shelling efficiency of 73.95%.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 1997년도 추계 학술대회지
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• pp.80-81
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• 1997

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2010

Several presowing seed treatments have been used to facilitate the seed germination and seedling emergence. The study was performed to design a model of presowing seed treatments in Taraxacum platycarpum. Germination and seedling growth responses to temperature, drying, chilling, $GA_3$ and priming were investigated to know the optimum germination conditions and presowing treatment. The optimum temperature condition for germination and seedling growth were $15{\sim}20^{\circ}C$ at dark condition. The seeds exposed to infra red light, however, did not germinate. The moisture content of seeds dried at $35^{\circ}C$ for 3.5 hours was returned to the level of unimbibed seeds. The germination of seeds dried under dark condition was better than those dried under infra red light. Prechilling treatment imposed for 6 weeks showed higher germination rate than $GA_3$ treatment or priming. In field test, the highest field emergence was observed in the seeds dried after prechilled for 6 weeks and followed by drying followed by $GA_3$ > low temperature > $KNO_3$ priming. Imbibition with 0.1 mM $GA_3$ solution for 2 hours then drying at 35 for 3.5 hour under dark condition was effective to the practical presowing treatment for Taraxacum seeds.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.552-560
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• 1988

ZnO low voltage varistor was obtained by varying a) the amount of seed grains, b) the size of seed grains, and c) sintering temperature. Also, the optimum condition for fabricating the ZnO seed grains was studied. Large ZnO seed grains were obtained by washing a ZnO sintered body containing 1m/of BaCO3 in boiling water. When the seed grains were added, abnormal grain growth occurred, and the varistor voltage sharply decreased. However, when more than 5w/o of seed grain content was added, the varistor voltage gradually increased. When 10w/o seed grains of 75~106${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ were added and sintered for 2 hours at 1200 to 125$0^{\circ}C$, low voltage varistor properties with V1mA/mm of 19V/mm and nonlinear exponent ($\alpha$) of 12 occurred.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 1996년도 International Conference on Agricultural Machinery Engineering Proceedings
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• pp.539-546
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• 1996

The physical condition of rapeseed delivered to fat industry plants plays a significant role in the formation of the qualitative features of the raw material for oil production and, consequently , of the oil itself. Rapeseed is stored in silos , frequently for months, before it is subjected to processing. During the long storage, the conditions of the seed cover is very important, as the seed cover provides natural protection of the seed against the effect of the environment. Seeds with damaged seed cover are more easily affected by mildew, and the rate of chemical processes. Deteriorating the quality of oil contained in the cotyledons is faster in such seeds. Cracked seed covers facilitates also the growth and development of microorgaism. So as rapeseed damage occurring inthe course of harvest and the post-harvest processing have a negative effect of the quality and quantity of oil the sees contain. The study presented here was aimed at examining the typical process of purcha ing and handling of rapeseed in fat industry plants, in the aspect of the occurrence of mechanical damage to the seeds. Special attention was paid to the condition of rapeseed immediately after combine harvesting : next , the successive stages of technological handling of the seed were examined. observing the operation parameters of the particular machinery and equipment in order to identify those operations which caused deterioration in the quality of the material (sees). Seed samples were taken successively from the following the hopper, prior to cleaning , after cleaning , prior to drying , after drying, from dry rape silo. The total level of damage increased through the handling. The content of unusable contaminants had the tendency to decrease in the successive operations. though the actual values still exceeded levels permitted by standards. The study allow to indicate the operation fo postharvest technological process, which cause the most seed damage as well as gave quantita ive description of the losses occurred.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.897-906
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• 2007

Effect of seawater temperature (temperature) on the production of anchovy, Engraulis japonica and laver, Porphyra tenera Kjellman, were investigated in the eastern part of South Sea of Korea (ESS). Bimonthly temperature data (Feb., Apr., Jun., Aug., Oct., Dec.) from 1980 to 2002 were collected from Korean Oceanographic Data Center (KODC) and monthly anchovy catch and laver production from 1980 to 2002 were used from published sources by the Ministry of Maritime Affairs & Fisheries, Korea. Effects of temperature on the two organisms were examined in four cases. In case of lower anchovy catch and higher laver production (1993), temperature during main spawning season of anchovy was about $0.2-0.6^{\circ}C$ lower than normal condition, and temperature during seed collecting season of laver in Namhaedo, Kojedo went down below $22.0^{\circ}C$. In case of higher anchovy catch and higher laver production (1995), optimum temperature for catch was formed in main fishing ground, temperature for seed collection was lower than $22.0^{\circ}C$, In case of lower anchovy catch and lower laver production (1996), temperature for spawning and catch was about $0.6-1.6^{\circ}C$ lower than normal condition, and temperature during seed collection in nursery was about $0.5-1.0^{\circ}C$ higher than optimum temperature for seed collection. In case of higher anchovy catch and lower laver production (1998), temperature during main fishing and spawning season was about $1.0-1.8^{\circ}C$ higher than normal condition, and temperature during laver seed collection in nursery was $1.5^{\circ}C$ higher than optimum temperature for seed collection.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.271-279
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• 2005

서울시 생태계 보전지역인 진관내동 습지, 방이동 습지와 밤섬에서 2004년 3월 토양을 채취한후 5월부터 10월까지 유묘출현법(seedling emergence method)으로 토양 종자은행을 관찰하였다. 그 결과 진관내동에서는 총 42종, 5,190개체가 출현하였고, 방이동에서는 총 39종, 2,265개체, 밤섬에서는 총 39종, 1,047개체가 발아하였으며 가장 개체수가 많았던 곳은 진관내동 버드나무군락이었다. 진관내동 습지와 밤섬에서 가장 많은 개체수를 보인 것은 밭뚝외풀이었고 방이동 습지에서는 부들속 식물들이었다. 진관내동과 방이동에서 실시한 군락별 토양 종자은행 조사 결과 갈대군락, 버드나무군락, 고마리군락, 달뿌리풀군락, 은사시나무군락 등에서 지상부 우점종과 지하부 우점종이서로 다른 반면 애기부들군락과 부들군락에서는 일치하였다. 습윤조건에서 56종, 침수조건에서 25종이 출현하였고, 두 조건에서 다 출현한 종은 18종이었다. 개구리밥등의 부유식물과 물닭개비등의 일부 정수식물은 침수조건에서만 발아하였다. 부들속 식물, 돌피 골풀 등의 정수식물은 습윤과 침수 조건 모두에서 발아하였다. 밤섬에서 채취한 수변으로부터와 거리별 토양 종자은행에서는 수위의 유동성이 큰 수변 3(식생대로부터 거리 $300\sim350m$)에서 가장 많은 수의 종자가 관찰되었다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제104권1호
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• pp.60-66
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• 2015

본 연구는 희귀식물인 대청부채와 부채붓꽃 종자저장방법과 적절한 차광처리를 구명하여 최적의 발아조건을 탐색하고 건전한 유묘를 확보하기 위해 실시하였다. 종자저장은 $-20^{\circ}C$, $2^{\circ}C$저장, $2^{\circ}C$ 습윤저장(30일, 60일), 노천매장, 상온저장의 6가지로 하였다. 차광처리는 온실내 대조구(무차광처리), 50% 차광처리, 80% 차광처리의 3가지로 하였다. 그 결과 대청부채의 발아율은 60일 저온습윤저장 종자를 파종하여 차광처리 대조구에서 발아시켰을 때 가장 높은 발아율(75%)을 나타내었으며 중간 저장성 종자에 속하는 것으로 생각된다. 부채붓꽃의 발아율은 대청부채와 비슷한 경향으로 60일 저온습윤저장시 90% 이상의 높은 발아율을 보였으며, 80% 차광처리조건에서 가장 높은 발아율(95%)을 나타내었고, 건조한 조건에서 저장이 어려운 난저장성 종자로 생각된다. 대청부채의 유묘 특성은 60일 저온습윤저장 종자를 파종하여 차광처리 대조구에서 발아시켰을 때 초장 6.4 cm, 엽수 3매, 엽폭 4.6 mm, 엽장 5.7 cm, 근장 11 cm, 생중량(지상/지하부) 144 mg/260 mg, 건중량(지상/지하부) 31 mg/20 mg, 유묘활력지수와 변형된 활력지수가 각각 13,895 및 9,479로 가장 우수한 유묘를 확보할 수 있었다. 부채붓꽃의 유묘 특성 또한 60일 저온습윤저장 종자를 파종하여 차광처리 대조구에서 발아시켰을 때 초장 7.2 cm, 엽수 4매, 엽폭 3.2 mm, 엽장 6.8 cm, 근장 7.5 cm, 생중량(지상/지하부) 97 mg/153 mg, 건중량(지상/지하부) 17 mg/17 mg, 유묘활력지수와 변형된 활력지수가 각각 13,256 및 8,668로 가장 우수한 유묘를 확보할 수 있었다. 따라서 대청부채와 부채붓꽃 종자는 60일 저온습윤저장하여 차광처리 대조구에 파종시 각각 75%, 90% 이상의 발아율과 양질의 우수묘 확보가 가능한 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2014

Cigarette filters containing Brassica Rapa L. seeds of the dark brown and round shaped were evaluated to determine the effect of seed addition on filter degradability. The seeds with germination capability under the tar/nicotine condition in the preliminary test, were put into the active carbon part of the filter(12mm) during filter rod making by the kit. The $4{\pm}2$ pieces of the seeds were put into the opened fiber bundle of the filter tow. In order to test the germination rate of the seeds, seed filters were placed either in a petri dish or test-pot in a conditioned area ($25^{\circ}C$, 70 % RH). The seed filters were placed outdoors exposed to natural conditions with the periodic water supply. The seeds in the smoked filters showed 90 % germination rate after a month under the open air condition. No significant differences in the sensory evaluation and analysis were obtained when the control sample was compared to the same cigarettes with the seeds.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.339-346
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• 2016

This study was carried out to develop an effective seed propagation method for Thalictrum rochebrunianum var. grandisepalum (H. Lev.) Nakai by analyzing seed dormancy types and germination characteristics. Seeds were collected between September to October at Gangwon province, and well-selected seeds were used while being dry-stored at 4±1℃. The seed size ranged 4.52 × 1.58 ㎜ and the weight of thousand seeds were 1,603.5 ± 0.02 ㎎. The moisture content was 7.2%. Seeds were achene type, and morphology characters showed an elliptical shape and rough texture, and light brown in color. Moist-chilling treatment was conducted for dormancy breaking because the seeds had an undeveloped embryo of liner type. The embryo had developed during a moist-chilling period, constantly, and fully developed in 10 weeks. Consequently, it seemed to be non-deep complex or intermediate complex type of morphophysiological dormancy, and embryo dormancy was broken by wet-chilling for 10 weeks. After 10 weeks of wet-chilling treatment, seed germination began. Germination percentage was higher in dark condition raher than light condition and recorded the maximum at 25℃ in the dark (16.3%). A pre-soaking treatment with a combined plant growth hormones promoted germination and shortened T₅₀. Specifically, seed germination of 84.5% was achieved by pre-soaking of seeds with a combined solution of 500 ㎎/L GA₃ and 10 ㎎/L kinetin for 24 h after a wet-chilling treatment for 10 weeks. Thus the effect of plant growth hormones coupled with chilling temperature on seed breaking dormancy provide asubsequent growth of seedlings for successful plantation.