• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.33-62
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• 2021

This study compares and analyzes the efficiency of R&D activities of technology-innovative small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs) between industries and proposes ways to improve efficiency. The research samples are 6,708 technology-innovative SMEs, which have received a guarantee by the KIBO from 2008 to 2011. Input variables are the level of R&D personnel, R&D investment, and output variables are patent applications, prototype. Efficiency is measured by the DEA model, and indirect comparisons that are individually measured by industry are performed. As a result of the analysis, the CCR for determining the optimal returns to scale is 0.19, the BCC for determining the optimal input distribution is 0.70, and the SE for determining the optimal output is 0.30. By industry type, the medium and low-tech industries have high CCR and BCC, while the high-end and high-tech industries have high SE. R&D activities need to be operated on an optimal scale through managing R&D performance because there is the inefficiency of scale across the industry. The contribution of the study is to analyze the R&D efficiency of each industry of technology-innovative SMEs by the technology evaluation data of the KIBO.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.61.1-61.1
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• 2010

$CuIn_{1-x}-GaxSe_2$ based materials with direct bandgap and high absorption coefficient are promising materials for high efficiency hetero-junction solar cells. CIGS champion cell efficiency(19.9%, AM1.5G) is very close to polycrystalline silicon(20.3%, AM1.5G). A reduction in the price of CIGS module is required for competing with well matured silicon technology. Price reduction can be achieved by decreasing the manufacturing cost and by increasing module efficiency. Manufacturing cost is mostly dominated by capital cost. Device properties of CIGS are strongly dependent on doping, defect chemistry and structure which in turn are dependent on growth conditions. The complex chemistry of CIGS is not fully understood to optimize and scale processes. Control of the absorber grain size, structural quality, texture, composition profile in the growth direction is important to achieving reliable device performance. In the present work, CIS nanoparticles were prepared by a simple wet chemical synthesis method and their structural and optical properties were investigated. XRD patterns of as-grown nanopowders indicate CIS(Cubic), $CuSe_2$(orthorhombic) and excess selenium. Further, as-grown and annealed nanopowders were characterized by HRTEM and ICP-OES. Grain growth of the nanopowders was followed as a function of temperature using HT-XRD with overpressure of selenium. It was found that significant grain growth occurred between $300-400^{\circ}C$ accompanied by formation of ${\beta}-Cu_{2-x}Se$ at high temperature($500^{\circ}C$) consistent with Cu-Se phase diagram. The result suggests that grain growth follows VLS mechanism which would be very useful for low temperature, high quality and economic processing of CIGS based solar cells.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.15-31
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• 2017

This study analyzes 45 Korea IT service companies from 2012 to 2016 using DEA analysis. Large enterprises, medium enterprises and small and medium enterprises (SMEs). CCR model and BCC model were used for efficiency analysis. Among the various analytical objects, the decision objects which yield the maximum output with minimum input are compared with other analysis objects. The relative inefficiency was measured through this, and Technical Efficiency (TE), Pure Technology Efficiency (PTE), Scale Efficiency (SE), scale profit, reference frequency were analyzed. Also, we analyzed the Technology Gap Ratio (TGR), which is the distance between production function and Meta-Frontier for each firm, using Meta-Frontier analysis. Finally, the Tobit model is used to analyze the sources of efficiency and inefficiency. The inputs are assets, capital, and employees, and the output factor is sales. The analysis shows that large firms are achieving technological achievements more efficiently than small and medium enterprises. As a result, medium-sized enterprises and SMEs can improve efficiency overall through efficient operation of workforce and appropriate combination of inputs such as assets and capital. Also, as a result of the influence factor analysis, it was found that the ratio of the managed asset ratio and the management cost ratio were significant factors influencing the efficiency of the IT service companies. This study suggests the efficiency analysis using DEA for many Korea IT service companies. Inefficient parts of each company are classified according to size and technology. Also, we identify the most efficient companies and analyze the causes of those companies whose profits are lower than their size.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.08a
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• pp.376-376
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• 2011

I-III-VI2 chalcopyrite compounds, particularly copper, indium, gallium selenide(Cu(InxGa1-x)Se2, CIGS), are effective light-absorbing materials in thin-film solar application. They are direct band-gap semiconductors with correspondingly high optical absorption coefficients. Also they are stable under long-term excitation. CIS (CIGS) solar cell reached conversion efficiencies as high as 19.5%. Several methods to prepare CIS (CIGS) absorber films have been reported, such as co-evaporation, sputtering, selenization, and electrodeposition. Until now, co-evaporation is the most successful technique for the preparation of CIS (CIGS) in terms of solar efficiency, but it seems difficult to scale up. CIS solar cells have been hindered by high costs associated with a fabrication process. Therefore, inorganic colloidal ink suitable for a scalable coating process could be a key step in the development of low-cost solar cells. Here, we will present the preparation of CIS photo absorption layer by a solution process using novel metal precursors. Chalcopyrite copper indium diselenide (CuInSe2) nanocrystals ranging from 5 to 20nm in diameter were synthesized by arrested precipitation in solution. For the fabrication of CIS photo absorption layer, the CuInSe2 colloidal ink was prepared by dispersing in organic solvent and used to drop-casting on molybdenum substrate. We have characterized the nanoparticless and CIS layer by XRD, SEM, TEM, and ICP.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.316-326
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• 2017

In this research, in order to analyze the efficiency of vocational education and training public services, we analyzed 27 projects conducted in Chungcheongnamdo province in 2014 using DEA. Also we compared the efficiency of 2014 projects with 2013 projects, and verified 3 representative DMU's inefficiency to suggest how to improve the efficiency. The DEA examined the efficiency using CCR model, BCC model and SE(CCR / BCC). As a result of this analysis, the total project costs and the number of projects were increased in 2014 from 2013, but it turned out that the number of inefficient projects were increased and the overall efficiency is decreased. Therefore, in order to improve efficiency, we proposed to allocate labor costs and direct project costs appropriately. In the case of large-scale projects, it was confirmed that reducing the scale of the project is important to increase the overall efficiency. Based on this research, we are presenting a research model that analyzes the efficiency of vocational education and training, and expanding the research area of performance management into the area of various public services.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.366-375
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• 2013

Recently, management of Newspaper developmet of the internet news, broadcasting and free newspapers escalated competition between newspaper companies and other media companies as well as competition among newapaper companies. This paper analyzes the efficiency of Korean Newapaper using DEA model. We evaluate the CCR-O, BCC-O efficiency, SE and RTS of 30 Newspaper. We also suggest the Newpaper which can be benchmarked based on analyzed information. The result shows that ten Nespaper whose values of CCR-O efficiency are 1, and Fourteen Nespaper whose values of BCC efficiency are 1. RTS indicates IRS of 1 firms, DRS of 16 firms and CRS of 13 firms. To variables on the effectiveness of newspaper publishing companies for the understanding and performance analysis.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.35-66
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• 2011

This study analyzed efficiency by utilizing DEA analytical technique centering on materials for 2009 of 20 major university hospitals in capital area. Input variables were utilized professor & full-time doctor, resident, nurse & number of bed hospitals. Output variables were analyzed by dividing number of annual outpatients & number of annual inpatients, and annually total outpatient profit & inpatient profit into a model of the standard for number of patients and the standard for medical profit. DEA analysis was elicited efficiency score by applying CCR, BCC, BFG, scale profit, and SE model. Through t-test after eliciting efficiency score, the implications were suggested by comparing efficiency between DMU in Seoul and DMU in capital area, by comparing between high-class general hospitals and general hospitals, and by comparing between high-class general hospitals in Seoul and 5 big hospitals. As a result of analysis, the major university hospitals in capital area showed high efficiency as a whole close to "1," but indicated low efficiency relatively in CCR field. Thus, the expansion in scale within capital area was indicated to reach the limit. Second, in a model of analyzing the standard for number of patients, the medical institutions, which are being operated efficiently, were indicated to be 10 DMUs. In the standard for medical profit, 12 DMUs were analyzed to be operated efficiently. Third, the efficiency in general hospital was higher than high-class general hospital. Thus, the efficiency of operation was indicated to be more important than scale. Also, large high-class hospitals(big 5) where are located in downtown Seoul showed the higher efficiency than other general high-class general hospitals, but were indicating very low efficiency in some DMUs. Fourth, as a result of generalizing and evaluating the number of patients and the medical profit, the efficient DMU was indicated to be more when analyzing on the basis of medical profit than the standard for number of patients. Thus, major university hospitals in capital area were indicated to make more effort for section in medical profit. Based on the analytical results of efficiency, a strategy for reinforcing efficiency in inefficient DMU was indicated to be needed a strategy of creating customers for promoting number of patients and a strategy for making operation efficient for increasing profitability.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.1-26
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• 2018

This study estimates the technical efficiency and total factor productivity(TFP) of and analyzes the relationship between TFP and exports for Korean manufacturing companies from 2000 to 2016. Specially, TFP is decomposed into Technical Change(TC), Technical Efficiency Change (TEC), and Sale Effect(SE), and compared between large and small enterprises. First, in the case of technical efficiency, the Korean economy has been very vulnerable to external shocks, such as the sharp decline following the 2008 financial crisis. The efficiency of the electronics, automobile, and machinery sectors is low and needs to be improved. In addition, the technological efficiency of large enterprises is higher than that of SMEs in most manufacturing sub-sectors except for non-ferrous metals. In the case of TFP, most changes are due to TC, and the effective combination of labor, capital and the effect of scale have little effect, suggesting that improvement of internal structure is urgent. In addition, volatility due to the impact of the financial crisis in 2008 was much larger in SMEs than in large companies, so external economic impacts are more greater for SMEs than large enterprises. The relationship between TFP decomposition factors and exports shows that TC has a positive effect only on exports of SMEs. Therefore, in order to increase exports, in the case of SMEs, R&D support to promote technological development is needed. In the case of large companies, it is necessary to establish differentiated strategies for each export market, competitor company, and item to link efficiency and scale effect of exports.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.892-904
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• 2021

An image semantic segmentation model is proposed based on improved ENet network in order to achieve the low accuracy of image semantic segmentation in complex environment. Firstly, this paper performs pruning and convolution optimization operations on the ENet network. That is, the network structure is reasonably adjusted for better results in image segmentation by reducing the convolution operation in the decoder and proposing the bottleneck convolution structure. Squeeze-and-excitation (SE) module is then integrated into the optimized ENet network. Small-scale targets see improvement in segmentation accuracy via automatic learning of the importance of each feature channel. Finally, the experiment was verified on the public dataset. This method outperforms the existing comparison methods in mean pixel accuracy (MPA) and mean intersection over union (MIOU) values. And in a short running time, the accuracy of the segmentation and the efficiency of the operation are guaranteed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.65-75
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• 2015

In this study, cation and anion exchange process for performance evaluation was conducted. A pilot plant for the ultrpure water production was installed with the capacity of $25m^3/d$. The various production rate and regeneration of ion exchange rate were tested to investigate the design parameters. The test resulst was applied to calculate the operating costs. Changing the flow rate of the ion exchange capacity of the reproduction reviewed the cation exchange process as opposed to the design value is 120 to 164% efficiency, whereas both anion exchange process is 82 to 124% efficiency, respectively. This results can be applied for more large scale plant if the scale up parameters are consdiered. The ion exchange capacity of the application in accordance with the design value characteristic upon application equipment is expected to be needed. In this study, the performance of cation and anion exchange resin process was evaluated with pilot plant($25m^3/d$). The ion exchange capacity along with space velocity and regeneration volume was evaluated. In results, the operation results was compared with design parameters.