• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.1-19
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• 2009

1. Objectives This research was proposed to find out the chronical concept of etiology in Sasang Constitutional Medicine(SCM). 2. Methods The related contents of etiology were selected in Je-Ma Lee's literatures such as "Donguisusebowon-SaSangchobongyun(東醫壽世保元四象草本卷)"(DSS), "Donguisusebowon-GabObon(東醫壽世保元甲午本)"(DGO), " Donguisusebowon-ShinChukbon(東醫壽世保元辛丑本)"(DSC), and the research was written in order ro find out the chronical change of etiologic concept in SCM. 3. Results and Conclusions The chronical concept of etiology in SCM was as follows : There were comments that the cause of diseases was the imbalanced nature and emotion(性情偏急), the fault of human relationship(人事), and alcohol-sex-wealth-power(酒色財權) in DSS, and the imbalanced nature and emotion, exopathogen(外感), and endopathogen(內觸) in DGO In the last, the causes of disease was set to the imbalanced nature and emotion in DSC.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.788-794
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• 2013

Mastitis set apart as clinical and sub clinical is a disease complex of dairy cattle, with sub clinical being the most important economically. Of late, laboratories showed interest in developing biochemical markers to diagnose sub clinical mastitis (SCM) in herds. Many workers reported noteworthy alternation of acute phase proteins (APPs) and nitric oxide, (measured as nitrate+nitrite = NOx) in milk due to intra-mammary inflammation. But, the literature on validation of these parameters as indicators of SCM, particularly in riverine milch buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) milk is inadequate. Hence, the present study focused on comparing several APPs viz. ${\alpha}_1$-anti trypsin, ${\alpha}_1$-acid glycoprotein, fibrinogen and NOx as indicators of SCM in buffalo milk. These components in milk were estimated using standardized analytical protocols. Somatic cell count (SCC) was done microscopically. Microbial culture was done on 5% ovine blood agar. Of the 776 buffaloes (3,096 quarters) sampled, only 347 buffaloes comprising 496 quarters were found positive for SCM i.e. milk culture showed growth in blood agar with $SCC{\geq}2{\times}10^5$ cells/ml of milk. The cultural examination revealed Gram positive bacteria as the most prevalent etiological agent. It was observed that ${\alpha}_1$-anti trypsin and NOx had a highly significant (p<0.01) increase in SCM milk, whereas, the increase of ${\alpha}_1$-acid glycoprotein in infected milk was significant (p<0.05). Fibrinogen was below detection level in both healthy and SCM milk. The percent sensitivity, specificity and accuracy, predictive values and likelihood ratios were calculated taking bacterial culture examination and $SCC{\geq}2{\times}10^5$ cells/ml of milk as the benchmark. Udder profile correlation coefficient was also used. Allowing for statistical and epidemiological analysis, it was concluded that ${\alpha}_1$-anti trypsin indicates SCM irrespective of etiology, whereas ${\alpha}_1$-acid glycoprotein better diagnosed SCM caused by gram positive bacteria. NOx did not prove to be a good indicator of SCM. It is recommended measuring both ${\alpha}_1$-anti trypsin and ${\alpha}_1$-acid glycoprotein in milk to diagnose SCM in buffalo irrespective of etiology.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.353-360
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• 2012

Mastitis is a highly morbid disease that requires detection at the subclinical stage. Tropical countries like India mainly depend on milch buffaloes for milk. The present study was conducted to investigate whether the trace minerals viz. copper (Cu), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), cobalt (Co) and manganese (Mn) and enzyme activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in riverine buffalo milk can be used as an indicator of subclinical mastitis (SCM) with the aim of developing suitable diagnostic kit for SCM. Trace elements and enzyme activity in milk were estimated with Atomic absorption Spectrophotometer, GBC 932 plus and biochemical methods, respectively. Somatic cell count (SCC) was done microscopically. The cultural examination revealed Gram positive bacteria as the most prevalent etiological agent. A statistically significant (p<0.01) increase in SCC, Fe, Zn, Co and LDH occurred in SCM milk containing gram positive bacterial agents only. ALP was found to be elevated in milk infected by both gram positive and negative bacteria. The percent sensitivity, specificity and accuracy, predictive values and likelihood ratios were calculated taking bacterial culture examination and $SCC\geq2{\times}10^5$ cells/ml of milk as the benchmark. Only ALP and Zn, the former being superior, were found to be suitable for diagnosis of SCM irrespective of etiological agents. LDH, Co and Fe can be introduced in the screening programs where Gram positive bacteria are omnipresent. It is recommended that both ALP and Zn be measured together in milk to diagnose buffalo SCM, irrespective of etiology.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.388-395
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• 1996

본과에서는 2 증례의 사경증에 대하여 환자의 경부 운동의 범위를 증가시키고 이와 동시에 경부의 심미적인 V형태를 유지하기 위하여 Ferkel 등에 의한 Biopolar release와 Z-pasty를 이용하여 수술을 시행하였으며 술후 2주 이내에 물리치료를 시행하여 경부운동 범위의 증가와 경부의 심미적인 유지에 비교적 양호한 결과를 얻었다. 그러나 증례 2에서는 이미 안모의 변형이 초래된 성인으로 안모 변형의 개선을 위한 이차 수술을 계획중이며, 이러한안모의 변형을 방지하기 위하여는 조기에 이를 진단하고 외과적 및 비외과적인 방법을 통한 적절한 처치가 중요하리라 생각되었다. 이러한 사경증 환자의 초기 치료가 대부분 타과에서 이루어지기 때문에 구강악안면외과 의사에게는 어느정도 생소할 수 있지만 사경증에 의하여 경부나 안모의 변형 등이 발생할 수 있으므로 사경증에 대한 더 많은 관심과 연구가 이루어져야 할 것으로 사료되어 문한고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.