• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.237-250
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• 1999

In order to investigate the pharmacologic properties of New Wonbang Woohwangchungsimwon Pill(NSCH), effects of Wonbang Woohwangchungsimwon Pill (SCH) and NSCH were compared using various experimental models. In rat aorta, NSCH and SCH made the relaxation of blood vessels in maximum contractile response to phenylephrine (10-6 M) regardless to endothelium containing or denuded rings of the rat aorta. Furthermore, the presence of the inhibitors of NO synthase and guanylate cyclase did not affect significantly the relaxing effects of NSCH and SCH. NSCH and SCH inhibited the vascular contractions induced by acetylcholine, prostaglandin endoperoxide or peroxide in a dose-dependent manner. In conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), NSCH and SCH decreased significantly heart rate. These, at high doses, had a negative inotropic effects that was a decrease of left ventricular developed pressure and (-dp/dt)/(+dp/dt) in the isolated perfused rat hearts, and also decreased the contractile force and heart rate in the isolated rat right atria. In guinea-pig papillary muscle, these had no effects on parameters of action potential such as action potential amplitude (APA), $V_{max}$ and resting membrane potential (RMP) at low doses, whereas inhibitory the cardiac contractility at high doses. Furthermore, these had a significant inhibitory effects on palpitation of the heart in normotensive rats and SHRs. These had a significant inhibitory effects on palpitation of the heart in normotensive rats and SHRs. These results suggest that NSCH and SCH have weak cardiovascular effects, and that there is no significant differences between cardiovascular effects of two preparations.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.21 no.1 s.29
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• pp.19-31
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• 2007

Currently the mathematics gifted students educational program is plentifully being developed for the elementary and the junior high school students. But the educational program for the gifted students who comes and goes to the high school is not many. This study look for the regularity and generalization of Hanoi Tower with 4 pillars, from the regularity and generalization of Hanoi Tower with 3 pillars. I think this study will be a clue to find the regularity and generalization of Hanoi Tower with n pillars, it's not solved still.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.131-131
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• 2010

The power of semiconductor laser diodes has been limited primarily by the heating effects which occur at high optical intensities. The actual limiting event can take one of a number of forms such as. catastrophic optical damage or filamentation. A general approach to this problem is to design a heterostructure which creates a high powered output while maintaining low internal optical intensities. A graded index separate confinement heterostructure (GRIN-SCH) is one such structure that accomplishes the above task. Here, the active region is sandwiched between graded index layers where the index of refraction increases nearer to the active layer. This structure has been shown to yield a high efficiency due to the confinement of both the optical power and carriers, thereby reducing the optical intensity required to achieve higher powers. The optical confinement also reinforces the optical beam quality against high power effects. Quantum dots have long been a desirable option for laser diodes due to the enhanced optical properties associated with the zeroth dimensionality. In our work, we use PICS3D software created by Crosslight Software Inc. to simulate the performance of In0.67A10.33As/A10.2Ga0.8AsquantumdotsusedwithaGRIN-SCH. The simulation tools are used to optimize the GRIN-SCH structure for high efficiency and optical beam quality.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.39-51
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• 2009

목적 : 신맥 혈위 자극이 뇌활성화 변화에 미치는 영향에 있어 자침 시술자간의 재현성을 fMRI 영상을 통해 평가하고자 하였다. 방법 : 본 연구는 건강한 성인 남자 15명을 대상으로 실시하였으며, 15명의 피험자 중 7명은 각각 2회 방문하였으며, 두 시술자에 의해 침을 맞고 총 4개의 데이터를 얻었다. 나머지 8명은 1회 방문하여 두 시술자에게 침을 맞아 2개씩의 데이터를 얻어 총 44개의 fMRI 데이터를 얻었다. 실험자간의 차이를 줄이기 위해 자침의 깊이와 회전, 강도 등을 동일하게 하였으며, 우측 신맥혈에 자침하였다. 침에 의해 활성화되는 영역을 확인하기 위해 블록디자인을 사용하여 fMRI를 촬영하였다. 결과 : 다른 날에 실시한 같은 시술자내의 재현성은 24 %, 같은 날 실시한 다른 시술자간의 재현성은 64 % 로, 다른 시술자간의 재현성이 서로 다른 날 실시한 같은 시술자내의 재현성보다 높게 나타났다. 결론 : 침을 이용한 fMRI의 실험에서 시술자에 의한 차이 외에도 실험하는 날짜의 차이, 피험자 인체의 생리적인 변화 등에 의한 차이가 크다는 것을 본 실험을 통하여 확인하였다. 그리고 자침의 깊이와 회전, 자극의강도 등을 동일하게 함으로써 다른 시술자간의 재현성을 높일 수 있다는 것을 확인했다. 추후 침실험에 있어서 여러 변수들에 의한 차이를 극복하고 재현성을 높일 수 있는 방법에 관한 더욱 심도 있는 연구가 필요하다.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.151-158
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• 2013

Objectives To investigate the pattern of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) in patients with bipolar disorders managed by lithium or valproic acid. Methods The study participants were 106 patients with DSM-IV bipolar disorders receiving planned maintenance treatment at the Mood Disorders Clinic of Seoul National University Bundang Hospital (aged between 17 and 64, mean duration of follow-up = 875.65 days). Using the bipolar disorder registry, thyroid function data were analyzed to assess the frequency of and the risk factors for SCH in patients managed by lithium (n = 64) or valproic acid (n = 42) for more than 5 months. Results Overall frequencies of SCH were 20.3% (13/64) in the lithium group, 14.3% (6/42) in the valproic acid group, and between the two groups there is no difference (p = 0.43). No differences were observed in the potential risk factors for SCH between the two groups including age, sex, subtype of bipolar disorder, baseline TSH, and concomitant antipsychotic use. In cases with SCH, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) showed a tendency to increase at 3 month after the initiation of lithium or valproic acid. A gradual increase in the number of patients showing SCH was found within the first 3 years of medication. Conclusions With regular monitoring and careful assessment, there was no difference in the risk of SCH between lithium and valproic acid maintenance. The risk of mood stabilizer-associated SCH may gradually increase within 3 years following the commencement of medication, thereby mandating close monitoring for the first 3 years of treatment. Further studies with large sample size would be needed to confirm these findings.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.166-173
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• 2003

Purpose : The cause and pathogenesis of $Henoch-Sch\"{o}nlein$ purpura has been studied for many years but the results are disappointing. Recently the hypothesis that abnormalities involving the glycosylation of the hinge region of immunoglobulin Al(IgAl) may have an important role in the pathogenesis of $Henoch-Sch\"{o}nlein$ purpura is being approved. $Henoch-Sch\"{o}nlein$ purpura is the most common vasculitis Ihat affects children and the prognosis is good. But if kidney invovement occurs, the course may be chronic and troublesome. So we evaluated children with $Henoch-Sch\"{o}nlein$ purpura especially from the point of epidemiology and clinical manifestations. Methods : Investigation of 124 children who were diagnosed with $Henoch-Sch\"{o}nlein$ purpura at Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital from December 1999 to July 2003 was performed retrospectively through chart review. Efforts were made to get informations about the profile, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, progress of the disease and recurrence rate of patients. Results : The patients were 69 boys and 55 girls, with a mean age of $6.1{\pm}2.7$ years at the time of data collection. The male to female ratio was 1.25 : 1. The occurrence rate was much higher in autumn(from September to November, 31.5%) and winter(from December to February, 28.2%) than in spring and summer, with a peak in November. Joint involvement was shown in 66.9% of patients mostly on the foot/ankle(75.9%), knee(39.8%). Seventy(56.5%) out of 124 patients had abdominal pain and 10 patients(8.1%) showed bloody stools. Renal involvement was observed in 24 patients(19.4%) after 21.1 days on the average. IgA was elevated in 10 of 21 patients(47.6%). $C_3$ and $C_4$ levels were normal in 40 of 49 patients (81.7%) and 47 of 48 patients(97.9%), respectively Antistreptolysin-O(ASO) titer was elevated over 250 Todd units in 29 of 62 Patients(46.8%). Mycoplasma antibody titer was elevated in 21 of 49 patients(42.9%) equal or greater than 1:80. Radiologic studies were peformed in 23 patients. Seven patients(30.4%) showed bowel wall thickening and one of them received intestinal resection and anastomosis operation due to terminal ileum necrosis. Eighty four patients took steroid 1.4 mg/kg/day in average. Recurrence rate was 2.5 in 37 patients(29.8%). Conclusion : $Henoch-Sch\"{o}nlein$ purpura in childhood appears most in about 6 years of age. The occurrence rate is much higher in autumn and winter relatively. Diagnosis can be made through the perspective history taking and the inspection of clinical manifestations, but the laboratory findings are not of great help. A small portion of the patients might show abdominal pain or arthritis before purpura develops, therfore various diagnosis can be made. Radiologic evaluation should be performed to avoid surgical complications in cases accompanying abdominal pain, and long term follow up should be needed especially in patients suffering from kidney involvement. In about 30% of the patients $Henoch-Sch\"{o}nlein$ purpura would recur. Steroid can be used safely without side effects.

• Proceedings of the Korean Magnestics Society Conference
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• 2008.12a
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• pp.203.2-203.2
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• 2008

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.184-190
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• 2011

Scrotal involvement has been reported from 2% to 38% of males with Henoch-Sch$\ddot{o}$nlein purpura (HSP). It may present before the rash occurs or even long time after it has disappeared. Scrotal involvement of HSP usually results in pain, tenderness, swelling or discoloration of scrotum. Scrotal pain sometimes mimics testicular torsion to various degrees, which can be followed by unnecessary operation. In our 2 cases, one was a 5-year and 11-month-old boy who came to our emergency department due to scrotal pain before the diagnosis of HSP, and the other was a 5-year and 1-month-old boy who came to the outpatient clinic due to scrotal pain after the resolution of HSP about 1 month before the visit. We performed Doppler ultrasonography (USG) to evaluate the acute scrotal pain in the two boys. On Doppler USG, epididymis showed increased blood flow, and testis showed normal blood flow. These findings enabled the diagnosis of acute epididymitis and excluded testicular torsion. Epididymitis was improved by conservative management including shortterm steroid therapy within 5 days. It is important to perform adequate evaluation with tools such as Doppler USG in the early course of acute scrotum of HSP, to avoid unnecessary scrotal exploration.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.464-467
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• 2005

Among several polishing techniques for micro structures, polishing process using magnetorheological(MR) fluid has advantages in the finishing process of 3-D micro structures because abrasives in the fluid can reach surfaces with complex feature and play their role. Although many researchers have been trying to reveal its polishing mechanism of the MR polishing, it has not been successful because in-situ measurement of state variables is difficult and process parameters are complex. In fact, one of the key factors for applying process control methodologies, such as Run-to-Run control, is the measuring and monitoring of slurry quality because the process strongly depends on the fluid property. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain consistent slurry quality to guarantee the process repeatability. The proposed equipment achieves the longer life cycle of MR fluid and reduces the variability of products. A new method to measure the material removal rate in MRF polishing process is also proposed and discussed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.1095-1098
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• 2005

Most electronic chassis control systems until today have been designed with optimization on its own performance. However, According to the increase of the interest regarding a vehicle safety and development of information technique, the integration technique of current chassis systems is being emphasized. Each enterprise proposed it with name of GCC(Global Chassis Control) or UCC(Unified Chassis Control). This study realizes control algorithm of suspension and brake by using the vehicle model of low degree of freedom as the primary stage of realization of integrated chassis control system. The proposed algorithm build the simulation environment connected to the CarSim having full vehicle model of 27 degree of freedom for raising the thrust of results