• Title/Summary/Keyword: SC1

Search Result 2,124, Processing Time 0.034 seconds

Isolation and identification of lignans as Antioxidant from loaves of Catalpa ovata G. $D_{ON}$ (개오동나무 잎으로부터 항산화 활성을 갖는 lignan 화합물의 분리 및 동정)

  • 국주희;마승진;문제학;박근형
    • KSBB Journal
    • /
    • v.18 no.6
    • /
    • pp.511-516
    • /
    • 2003
  • The methanol extract from leaves of Catalpa ovata 6. DoN showed DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical-scavenging activity, and its antioxidative compounds were studied. The ethyl acetate-soluble neutral fraction from the methanol extract was successively purified with silica gel adsorption column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and HPLC. Three antioxidative compounds were isolated and identified as piperitol, pinoresinol and lariciresinol by HR-MS and NMR spectroscopic analyses. The DPPH radical-scavenging activity of the identified compounds decreased in the order of lariciresinol > pinoresinol > piperitol.

Diversity Combining Techniques for DPSK Signals in Nakagami Fading Channels (나카가미 페이딩 채널에서 DPSK 신호의 다이버시티 합성기법)

  • 김창환;한영열
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
    • /
    • v.25 no.1A
    • /
    • pp.34-42
    • /
    • 2000
  • In this paper, the closed form expression for the average bit error probability(BER) is derived for diversity reception using an L-branch maximal ratio combining(MRC) system which has same fading index and different fading index. Also, the BER to have same average power and Nakagami m-distribution for a generalized selection combining(SC) is derived, whereby the signal with the largest amplitude is selected from the original diversity branches in the channel, the order statistics is applied. Especially, when L is 1 in a selective diversity, the derived expression leads to that of DPSK in which SC is not applied in Nakagami fading. Changing the diversity branch L and fading index m, we compare the performance of MRC and SC.

  • PDF

Error Performance of 16 QAM Signal with Optimum Threshold Detection and SC Diversity Techniques in Rician Fading Channel (Rician 페이딩 채널에서 최적검파 및 선택합성 다이버시티 기법을 도입한 16QAM 신호의 오율 특성)

  • 김언곤;고봉진;조성준
    • The Proceeding of the Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
    • /
    • v.5 no.1
    • /
    • pp.3-12
    • /
    • 1994
  • We have proposed the optimum threshold detection(OTD) technique of 16 QAM signal in the Rician fading channel and analyzed its error performance with and without the selective combining(SC) diversity technique. And we compared the error performance of OTD with that of conventional threshold detection(CTD). Having the SC diveresity reception, optimum threshold detection(OTD) technique proposed in this paper provides the performance improvement of 1.8~3.2 [dB] in CNR for fading depth K values ranging from 5 to 30 over CTD when the error rate is $10_5$. From the result of numerical analysis, we know that the proposed OTD technique is superior to CTD technique in the Rician fading channel and adoption of the SC diversity technique with the proposed OTD can be considered as a good countermeasure for the Rician fading.

  • PDF

Damaged Neuronal Cells Induce Inflammatory Gene Expression in Schwann Cells: Implication in the Wallerian Degeneration

  • Lee, Hyun-Kyoung;Choi, Se-Young;Oh, Seog-Bae;Park, Kyung-Pyo;Kim, Joong-Soo;Lee, Sung-Joong
    • International Journal of Oral Biology
    • /
    • v.31 no.3
    • /
    • pp.87-92
    • /
    • 2006
  • Schwann cells play an important role in peripheral nerve regeneration. Upon nerve injury, Schwann cells are activated and produce various proinflammatory mediators including IL-6, LIF and MCP-1, which result in the recruitment of macrophages and phagocytosis of myelin debris. However, it is unclear how the nerve injury induces Schwann cell activation. Recently, it was reported that necrotic cells induce immune cell activation via toll-like receptors (TLRs). This suggests that the TLRs expressed on Schwann cells may recognize nerve damage by binding to the endogenous ligands secreted by the damaged nerve, thereby inducing Schwann cell activation. To explore the possibility, we stimulated iSC, a rat Schwann cell line, with damaged neuronal cell extracts (DNCE). The stimulation of iSC with DNCE induced the expression of various inflammatory mediators including IL-6, LIF, MCP-1 and iNOS. Studies on the signaling pathway indicate that $NF-{\kappa}B$, p38 and JNK activation are required for the DNCE-induced inflammatory gene expression. Furthermore, treatment of either anti-TLR3 neutralizing antibody or ribonuclease inhibited the DNCE-induced proinflammatory gene expression in iSC. In summary, these results suggest that damaged neuronal cells induce inflammatory Schwann cell activation via TLR3, which might be involved in the Wallerian degeneration after a peripheral nerve injury.

Integration of Ayurvedic formulations with iron folic acid in the treatment of nutritional anaemia among school going adolescents of Dehradun District

  • Prakash, Vaidya Balendu;Prakash, Shyam;Sharma, Rajesh;Prakash, Megha;Prakash, Shikha;Parmar, Kiran
    • CELLMED
    • /
    • v.6 no.1
    • /
    • pp.5.1-5.5
    • /
    • 2016
  • Combating anaemia is a global public health challenge of the developing world. Nutritional anaemia is a serious health problem faced by Indian school children. An investigation was taken up to study the effect of non iron containing Ayurvedic preparation Sootshekhar Rasa (SR) plus Sitopaladi Churna (SC) along with iron and folic acid (IFA) for improving nutritional anaemia among adolescent school going students of Dehradun district in Northern India. The blinded, controlled randomized trial comprised of 820 adolescents anaemic students aged 11 - 18 years. The anaemic students were randomly divided into 4 groups, students of group I (control) received starch, group II, III, and IV students received daily dose of (SR 250 mg + SC 400 mg), IFA and (SR 250 mg + SC 400 mg) + IFA, respectively. All the students received treatment for 90days and were followed up for next 180days. At the end of follow-up (day 270), significant increase of haemoglobin (Hb) level from the base line was recorded in all treatment groups. The maximum gain in Hb concentration was noted in group IV (10.1 ± 0.6 g/L), which was significantly higher than any other group. There were 123 drop-outs; however, no major side effect of treatment was noted in any student. We conclude that daily dose of (SR 250 mg + SC 400 mg) along with IFA can produce sustainable improvement of nutritional anaemia in adolescent students.

Radical Scavenging Effects and Physicochemical Properties of Seolitae Chungkukjang Added with Green Tea (녹차첨가 서리태청국장의 이화학적 특성 및 유리기 소거능)

  • Park, Hyun-Young;Cho, Eun-Ju
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
    • /
    • v.37 no.4
    • /
    • pp.401-404
    • /
    • 2008
  • Seolitae Chungkukjang added with different ratios of green tea was prepared to increase the antioxidative activity of Chungkukjang. The physicochemical properties and the radical scavenging effect under in vitro were evaluated. The addition of green tea to Seolitae Chungkukjang (SC) revealed lower pH, green color and decrease in levels of NH3-N. Among the Chungkukjang group with Seolitae or green tea, SC with green tea 5.0% (SCG 5.0) showed the strongest scavenging activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl with $IC_{50}$ value of $82.1{\mu}g$/mL. In addition, SCG 5.0 exerted the most effective ${\cdot}OH$ scavenging activity. Moreover, SCG 5.0 showed the similar sensory preference to control soybean Chungkukjang. The present study suggests that SC exerts radical scavenging effect, and that the addition of green tea to SC leads to the increase in the antioxidative effect of Chunkukjang.

Intercomparison of Middle and Low Tropospheric Temperature from Satellite with ECMWF Reanalyses; Temporal and Spatial Variability (위성관측에서 유도된 중간 및 하부 대류권 온도와 ECMWF 재분석 결과 사이의 상호 비교; 시.공간 변동)

  • 이은주;유정문
    • Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
    • /
    • 2000.04a
    • /
    • pp.43-48
    • /
    • 2000
  • 중간 및 하부 대규권의 열적 상태에 대한 결과들의 상대적인 정확성을 평가하기 위하여 대기대순환 모델의 재분석(1980-93년) 그리고 세 종류의 위성관측 자료들(1980-97년)을 태평양, 한반도 부근에 대한 시.공간 분석으로 상호 비교하였다. 중간 대류권 온도를 반영하는 위성자료는 본 연구에서 유도된 Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU) 채널2 직하점 밝기온도(MSU2)와 Spencer and Christy(1992a)가 전체 주사자료를 사용하여 유도된 채널2 밝기 온도(SC2)이고, 하부 대류권 온도를 반영하는 위성자료는 Spencer and Christy(1992a)가 유도한 것이다(SC2R). 또한, 모델 자료는 ECMWF 재분석 온도이며, 위성관측 자료와의 비교를 위하여 재구성되었다. 한편, 각 위.경도 격자에서 위성관측과 모델 재분석의 월평균 값들의 상관도 전구적으로 조사하였다. 세 종류의 관측 자료들 간의 상관은 중.고위도에서 높았으나(r$\geq$0.9), 저위도 그리고 대류가 활발한 열대 서태평양 및 콩고강 부근에서 낮았다(r~0.65). 특히 SC2R에 대한 다른 자료의 상관이 상대적으로 낮았다. 이는 하부 대류권의 열적 상태를 반영하는 SC2R이 수적 및 지표방출의 영향으로 잡음을 크게 내포하기 때문인 것으로 추정되었다. 관측들과 모델 온도에 대한 월평균과 아노말리 값의 분석에서 시.공간 변동은 대체로 유사하였다. 관측 및 모델 자료는 열대 태평양 이외의 지역에 대한 월평균 값 모드1에서 연주기를 보였으나, 열대 태평양의 경우 모드2에서 보였다. 열대 태평양의 MSU2 모드1은 Walker 순환에 의한 동.서 대비를 보인 반면, 다른 위성관측과 모델 자료에서는 이러한 형태가 현저하지 않았다. 이 지역의 아노말리 값 모드2에서 위성관측들은 엘리뇨 기간에 적도를 중심으로 열대 동태평양 부근에서 아령모양의 대칭 형태를 보였으나 모델 결과에서는 이러한 특징이 약하였다. 관측과 모델 모두는 열대 태평양에 대한 아노말리 값의 모드 1,2에서 엘니뇨와 라니냐에 의한 경년변동을 뚜렷하게 보였다.

  • PDF

Studies on the Improvement of Utility Value of Corn Grains by Different Processing Methods II. Effects of Different Corn Processing Methods on Attachment Characteristics of Rumen Microbes in Hanwoo (옥수수 알곡의 가공처리에 의한 영양소 이용성 향상에 관한 연구 II. 한우에 있어서 옥수수 알곡의 가공처리가 반추위 미생물의 부착양상에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, W.Y.;Kim, H.W.;Kang, C.M.
    • Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
    • /
    • v.3 no.1
    • /
    • pp.132-141
    • /
    • 2001
  • This study was conducted to determine effects of whole and processed corns on attachment characteristics of rumen microbes in Hanwoo. Whole corn(WC) was processed into four different types; ground corn(GC), cracked corn(CC), flaked corn(FC), and soaked corn(SC). After each processed corns was incubated in the rumen of Hanwoo for 12 h and 24 h, attachment characteristics of rumen microbes and morphological changes of feed substrates was examined by utilizing scanning electron microscopy(SEM). In this study, the treatment group of GC and CC showed the highest in the attachment of rumen microbes. On the other hand, microbial attachments to the starch particle of WC and SC were hardly detected. However, with the increase of incubation time the surface of WC and SC was covered by many microbes, resulting in enhancing the surface degradation.

Anti-oxidative Activities of Commercial Edible Plant Extracts Distributed in Korea (국내 유통 중인 식용식물 추출물의 항산화효과)

  • Kim, Kyung-Bum;Yoo, Ki-Hwan;Park, Ha-Yan;Jeong, Jong-Moon
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
    • /
    • v.49 no.4
    • /
    • pp.328-333
    • /
    • 2006
  • Many plant extracts are known to have antioxidative effects. However, their activities can be reduced or disappeared during mass production process. The purpose of this study is to compare antioxidative effects of edible plant extracts distributed in Korea. forty three kinds of edible plant extracts commercially available in Korea were selected and investigated for their total phenolics contents and antioxidative potentials(DPPH radical and superoxide anion radical scavenging activities). In contents of total phenolics, the commercial plant extracts from Artemisia annua(whole plant), Ilex paraguariensis(leaf, Silybum marianum(fruit and leaf, Ulmus pumila(bark), Coliolus versicolor(fruit), and Curcuma longa(root and stem) contained over 70 mg/g of powder, DPPH radical scavenging activities($SC_{50}$, 50% scavenging concentration) of A. annua, I. paraguariensis, Pinus densiflora(leaf),S. marianum, U. pumila, and C. longa were $53.96{\pm}0.81\;ppm,\;24.61{\pm}2.12\;ppm,\;35.96{\pm}1.11\;ppm,\;57.46{\pm}2.13\;ppm,\;55.25{\pm}1.65\;ppm\;and\;12.99{\pm}1.67ppm$, respectively, while that of positive control(vitamin C) was $3.86{\pm}0.81\;ppm$. $SC_{50}$ values against superoxide anion radical of A. annua, Cinnamomum zeylanicum(bark), I. paraguariensis, Rubus coreanus(fruit and leaf), Morus alba(leaf), P. densiflora, S. marianum, U. pumila, C. versicolor, C. longa, Perilla frutescens var. acuta(leaf), and H. sabdariffa(leaf and newer) were $53.21{\pm}1.83ppm,\;50.12{\pm}2.12ppm,\;5.59{\pm}0.84ppm,\;41.60{\pm}8.93ppm,\;20.19{\pm}0.97ppm,\;15.19{\pm}1.66ppm,\;21.20{\pm}1.88ppm,\;15.71{\pm}0.91ppm,\;55.48{\pm}2.42ppm,\;52.12{\pm}2.44ppm,\;23.80{\pm}1.98ppm\;and\;11.14{\pm}0.51ppm$, respectively($SC_{50}$ value of vitamin C: $9.61{\pm}0.93ppm$). In particular, both 1 paraguariensis and P. densiflora had high content of phenolics as well as high scavenging activities of DPPH radical and superoxide anion radical. Consequently, above two commercial extracts may be useful as a source of antioxidative nutraceutics.

Relationship between Warning Signs and Sasang Constitution(SC) in Early Stroke Patients (급성기 중풍환자의 사상체질과 중풍 경고증상, 전조증상과의 상관성 연구)

  • Choi, In-Young;Kim, Yong-Hyung;Choi, Dong-Jun;Han, Chang-Ho;Lee, Won-Chul;Jun, Chan-Yong;Cho, Ki-Ho;Choi, Sun-Mi
    • The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
    • /
    • v.28 no.4
    • /
    • pp.733-740
    • /
    • 2007
  • Objective : This study investigated the relationship between warning signs and Sasang constitution (SC) in acute stroke patients. Methods : From October in 2005 to March in 2007, 629 acute stroke patients were studied. Patients were hospitalized within 14 days after the onset ofstroke at one of 3 oriental medical hospitals in Seoul and Kyong-gi province. We assessed the type of SC of acute stroke patients by Questionnaire for Sasang Constitution Classification II (QSCC II). We investigated warning signs (motor weakness, blindness, dysarthria, sensory disturbance, finger dullness, facial & eyelid spasm, neck stiffness), general characteristics, etc. Results : This study showed a higher proportion of Tae-eum & So-eum experience upper extremity sensory disturbance but So-yangexperience lower extremity sensory disturbance. Smoker So-eumexperience 1st & 2nd finger dullness more than non-smoker So-eum. So-eum women experience motor weakness more than So-eum men. Conclusion : Besides these results, we could observe almost no relationship between warning signs and Sasang constitution (SC) in acute stroke patients. More data from prospective cohort studies will help people better understand the relationship between warning signs and Sasang constitution (SC) in acute stroke patients.

  • PDF