• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.599-604
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• 2016

This study was performed to evaluate the quality characteristics of Sikhyes (SBE-5, SBE-10, SBE-30, and SBE-50) prepared using various concentrations (5%, 10%, 30%, and 50%) of Sasa borealis extracts (SBE). There were no significant changes of pH and total acid contents in Sikhyes prepared with various concentration of SBE. Sikhye SBE-30 and Sikhye SBE-50 showed significantly higher contents in sweetness, reducing sugar, total polyphenol and flavonoid than other Sikhyes. In color, the more SBE was added, each Sikhye appeared the decreasing of L value, the increasing of b value and turbidity. In DPPH radical scavenging activity, there were no difference between Sikhye control (SBE free) and Sikhye SBE-5. But DPPH radical scavenging activity of Sikhye SBE-10, SBE-30 and SBE-50 increased proportionally as the concentration of SBE in Sikhyes were increased. The evaluation for taste tended to get high score in Sikhye SBE-30 and Sikhye SBE-50. The color preference decreased by additon of SBE. Overall preference showed a trend of decreasing in Sikhye SBE-50. These results indicates that the SBE could be beneficiary for preparation of Sikhye due to anti-oxidative effect, and the proper amounts of SBE would be about 30%.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.90-96
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• 2013

Effects of dietary Scutellaria baicalensis extract (SBE) on growth, feed utilization and challenge test of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) were determined. Six hundred thirty fish averaging 5.0 g were distributed into 18, 180-L tanks. Six experimental diets were prepared in triplicate: SBE-0, SBE-0.5, SBE-1, SBE-2, SBE-3 and SBE-5 diets containing SBE at the concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 5%, respectively. Fish were hand-fed to apparent satiation twice a day for 8 wks. At the end of 8-wk feeding trial, ten fish from each tank were infected by Edwardsiella tarda for challenge test. Survival and weight gain of fish were not affected by dietary concentrations of SBE. However, specific growth rate of fish fed the SBE-2 diet was higher than that of fish fed the SBE-0, SBE-1, SBE-3 and SBE-5 diets. Neither feed efficiency nor serum chemical composition of fish was affected by dietary concentrations of SBE. The cumulative mortality of fish fed the SBE-0 diet was 100% at 96 h after E. tarda infection, but 77 to 87% for fish fed the other diets. Dietary inclusion of 2% SBE appears to be recommendable to improve specific growth rate of fish and SBE had the potential to mitigate mortality of fish at E. tarda infection.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.135-142
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• 2023

Background: This study aimed to investigate hyperuricemia, renal inflammation, and xanthine oxidase (XO) activity improvement in a rat model treated with Scutellaria baicalensis extract (SBE). Methods: The rats were divided into 4 groups (n = 5 each), including sham, potassium oxonate (PO) injected hyperuricemia (control group), PO + 10 mg/kg allopurinol administrated (allopurinol group), and a PO + 50 mg/kg SBE administrated (SBE group), to investigate the effectiveness and molecular mechanisms of SBE. The effects of SBE on PO-induced hyperuricemia rats, renal inflammation, and XO activity were measured. Body weight and organ index of the kidney and liver were measured in PO-induced hyperuricemia rats, and serum uric acid level was extracted from whole blood and was measured. Renal inflammation was observed under a microscope after sections. XO activity was measured by liver tissue and serum XO levels. Results: Organ indexes of the kidney and liver in rats were significantly decreased in the allopurinol group than in the control group and with no significant difference in the SBE group. A PO injection for 5 days significantly increased serum uric acid levels in the control group compared to the sham group. Meanwhile, the SBE and allopurinol groups have significantly decreased serum uric acid levels compared to the control group. The SBE group revealed effectively improved renal histopathological changes compared to the control group. The XO inhibitor, allopurinol, significantly decreased XO activity. Additionally, SBE significantly lowered XO activity in rats. Conclusion: SBE can be used as an effective treatment for gout in the future.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.27-31
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• 2021

Shea butter (Vitellaria paradoxa) is a fat extracted from shea tree nuts and contains relatively high levels of non-glycerides. Triterpenes, the main non-glyceride component, exhibit a variety of biological activities such as antitumor, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory. Shea butter extract (SBE) has been used to treat various skin problems such as burns, eczema, and rash in human medicine, but little is known about the activity of SBE on canine skin. This study evaluated the cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory effect of SBE in canine keratinocytes. Cytotoxicity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 5-50 ng/mL) and SBE (50-200 ㎍/mL) was evaluated using the CCK-8 assay. Non-cytotoxic concentrations of LPS and SBE were administered to canine cell cultures to evaluate anti-inflammatory effects. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of SBE, the levels of IL-1β, IL-8, IL-12, and TNF-α were measured using ELISA kits. The concentration of each cytokine was quantified in control, LPS-treated, LPS + SBE-treated groups. Increased levels of IL-1β, IL-8, and IL-12 were found in LPS-treated groups relative to control groups. LPS + SBE-treated groups showed a lower level of IL-1β, IL-8, and IL-12 than LPS-treated groups. These results suggest that SBE may have application as a topical agent for canine inflammatory skin diseases. However, further in vivo study is needed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of SBE in dogs.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.35-43
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• 2023

Background: This study aimed to examine the effect of Scutellaria baicalensis extract (SBE) on ameliorating pain response and inflammation in an animal model. Methods: The effects of SBE on joint inflammation-induced rats and pain writhing response were measured. In rats with monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced knee osteoarthritis (OA), the weight-bearing distribution of the hind legs was measured, the actual joint condition was visually confirmed, and serum cytokines were extracted from whole blood and measured. In addition, the acetic acid-induced pain was measured by the number of abdominal wall contractions and writhing responses. Results: 1. The weight-bearing distribution of the hind limbs of the SBE group was remarkably improved compared with that of the control group 7 days after MIA treatment, and the SBE 300 group was improved similarly to that of the indomethacin group. 2. Cartilage erosion was significantly recovered in the SBE and indomethacin groups, and the degree of healing of cartilage erosion by SBE was similar to that by indomethacin. 3. The serum levels of cytokines interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 were significantly decreased in the SBE group compared with that in the control group, and the SBE 300 group had reduced levels of cytokines similar to the indomethacin group. 4. As regards acetic acid-induced writhing response, the number of writhes was significantly reduced in the SBE and ibuprofen groups, and the SBE 600 group had fewer writhes than the ibuprofen group. Conclusion: SBE significantly improves knee OA and pain and is expected to show similar therapeutic effects to indomethacin and ibuprofen.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.39-50
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects simulation-based education combined team-based learning (SBE combined TBL) compared to simulation-based education (SBE) on undergraduate nursing students. Methods: A non-equivalent control group design with pre-and posttest measures was used. The participants in the study were 181 students. The SBE combined TBL group consisted of 84 senior students in 2013, and the SBE group consisted of 97 seniors in 2014. Collected data were analyzed using chi-square, independent t-test and ANCOVA with the statistical package SPSS 22.0 for Windows. Results: There was a significant improvement in communication skills, nursing performance confidence, team efficacy, and team performance scores in the SBE combined TBL group compared to the SBE group (t=2.45, p=.015; F=4.30, p=.040; t=3.06, p=.003; t=8.77, p<.001). However, there was no statistically significant difference in self-directed learning between the groups. Conclusion: SBE combined TBL compared to SBE is an effective teaching and learning method to enhance various positive educational outcomes for nursing students. Therefore, we suggest that future studies investigate the development of an integrated course in which team-based learning is applied to theoretical sessions and simulation-based training.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.203-215
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• 2005

Recently, a number of high school, college and university run the School-Based Enterprises(SBE). The purpose of this study is to integrate Education for Sustainable Development(ESD) into the SBE run by vocational high schools. To achieve this goal, this paper takes following research considerations. First of all, this study review the theories of SBE and ESD. Secondly, We extract the factors to analyze from the ESD point of view and integrate them into the SBE in vocational high schools. Thirdly, this study suggests the necessity and methods to integrate ESD into the SBE. ESD could serve important roles to promote the SBE by stimulating the sustainable development and improving human abilities in solving both the environment and development problems.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.313-319
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• 2017

This study was conducted to develop calcium-fortified shank bone extract (SBE) and to determine the effect of adding calcium lactate on physico-chemical characteristics of SBE during cold storage. The following five experiment groups were used: Control (0%, no addition), T1 (0.05% calcium lactate), T2 (0.1% calcium lactate), T3 (0.5% calcium lactate), and T4 (1% calcium lactate). When the concentration of calcium lactate added to the SBE was increased, the pH, redness, and yellowness values were significantly reduced, whereas the salinity, sugar content, and turbidity of SBE were significantly increased. Sensory parameters such as aroma, flavor, and overall acceptability in the control, T1, and T2 had similar scores. The TBARS values of SBE was significantly increased when 1% of calcium lactate was added, and the VBN values of SBE with calcium lactate at day 7 were higher than that of control (p<0.05). However, the addition of calcium lactate showed an inhibition effect on the growth of total microbial counts in SBE until 4 d of storage. The calcium content of SBE was increased by the addition of calcium lactate in a dose-dependently manner. The proper addition level of calcium lactate in the SBE was determined to be 0.1%.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.23 no.2 s.98
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• pp.221-226
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• 2007

This study was carried out to investigate the optimun conditions for the isolation of low molecular weight peptides containing histidine, and to evaluate the antioxidant effects of skipjack boiled extracts(SBE). The results are summarized as follows : L-histidine contents of the ordinary muscle and dark muscle extracts were $ 83.1{\pm}1.75{\mu}M/g\;and\;11.0{\pm}2.39\;{\mu}M/g$, respectively. The L-histidine level of the dark muscle was much lower than that of ordinary muscle in the SBE. The extracts were treated with alcalase and neutrase under different pH levels, temperatures, and times. The optimum hydrolysis conditions of SBE were pH 7.0 and a $60^{\circ}$C temperature for 2 hr in the batch reactor, which hydrolyzed 63% of the SBE. HPLC analysis showed a removing effect of the ultrafiltration permeate (UFP) to high molecular weight impurities in SBE. SBE and pure carnosine participated as inhibiting agents to, which was confirmed through the autoxidation processing of linoleic acid. UFP treatment improved the inhibiting ability of SBE to the autoxidation of linoleic acid. The reducing power of the UFP-treated ordinary muscle extracts were 10-fold higher than the dark muscle extracts, and 0.7-fold higher than 20 mM pure carnosine. The UFP-treated ordinary muscle extracts had greater reducing power activity than pure carnosine. The scavenging activities on DPPH radical of the different treated-SBE and pure carnosine were also investigated. Scavenging activities of the ordinary and dark muscle extracts and the pure carnosine were 90%, 70%, and 45%, respectively. In summary, Skipjack boiled extracts (SBE) demonstrated that low molecular weight peptides containing histidine are capable of inhibiting lipid oxidation. They also possessed effective abilities as free radical scavengers and reducing agents, and these activities may increase with increasing concentrations.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.8
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• pp.1230-1239
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• 2019

Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi has been widely used in China for treatment of various diseases. This study investigated the effect of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi extracts (SBE) against Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)-induced myocarditis in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, Hela cells and primary myocardial cells were infected with CVB3 and treated with SBE ($50-800{\mu}g/ml$) and ribavirin ($200{\mu}M$) for 48 h and then determined by CCK8 assay. Real-time PCR and western blotting assays were performed. In vivo, a myocarditis model was induced in male BALB/c mice by injecting CVB3 suspension intraperitoneally for three times, followed by treatment with SBE (400 and 200 mg/kg) and ribavirin (100 mg/kg) for 28 days. SBE ameliorated the cytotoxicity of CVB3 in Hela cells, especially at $400{\mu}g/ml$ (39.93% vs 65.67%, p < 0.05) without influencing cell growth and also significantly reduced CVB3 replication in primary myocardial cells. The levels of AKT, ERK, and p38 were increased after CVB3 infection. SBE could downregulate the expressions of AKT and p38. In vivo, the mortality rate from CVB3 reached to 66.67%, while 10.00% and 23.33% of this came after 400 and 200 mg/kg SBE treatment, respectively (p < 0.05). The CVB3 replication was obviously reduced after SBE administration from day 5. Similarly, the levels of AKT, ERK, and p38 mRNAs and proteins were increased, and SBE suppressed the expression of AKT and p38. Our study indicates that SBE is a promising potent antiviral agent against CVB3-induced myocarditis by inhibition of virus replication via depressing AKT and p38 expressions.