• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.359-359
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• 2023

최근 기후변화로 인한 홍수 및 가뭄과 같은 자연재해가 증가함에 따라 이를 선제적으로 탐지 및 예방할 수 있는 해결책에 대한 필요성이 증가하고 있다. 이러한 수재해를 예방하기 위해서 하천, 저수지 등 가용수자원의 지속적인 모니터링은 필수적이다. SAR 위성 영상의 경우 주야간 및 기상상황에 상관없이 지속적인 수체 탐지가 가능하다. 일반적으로 SAR 기반 수체 탐지 시 송수신 방향이 동일한 편파(co-polarized) 영상을 사용한다. 하지만 co-polarized 영상의 경우 바람 및 강우에 민감하게 반응하여 수체 미탐지의 가능성이 존재한다. 한편 송수신 방향이 서로 다른 편파(cross-polarized) 영상은 강우 및 바람의 영향에 민감하지 않지만 식생에 민감하게 반응하여 수체의 오탐지율이 높다는 단점이 존재한다. 이에 SAR 영상의 편파 특성에 따라 수체 탐지의 정확도 차이가 발생하여 최적의 편파 영상 조합을 구성하는 것이 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 Sentinel-1 SAR 위성의 VV, VH, VV+VH 편파 영상과 머신러닝 알고리즘 중 하나인 SVM (support vector machine)을 활용하여 수체탐지를 수행하였다. 편파 영상 조합별 수체 탐지 결과의 검증을 위하여 혼동행렬 (confusion matrix) 기반 평가지수를 사용하였다. 각각의 수체탐지 결과의 비교 및 분석을 통하여 SAR 기반 수체 탐지를 위한 최적의 밴드 조합을 도출하였다. 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 차후 높은 시공간 해상도를 가진 SAR 영상의 활용이 가능하다면 수재해 및 수자원 관리의 효율성을 높일 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.1-15
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• 2000

Radar 영상은 능동적탐측기로서 밤과 낮의 구분없이 사용할 수 있고 또한 구름의 영향을 받지 않음으로 해서 여러 분야에서 사용되어왔다. 특히 SAR영상을 이용한 위상간섭법 (InSAR: Interferometric SAR)은 1990년대 초 미국의 JPL (Jet Propulsion Laboratory)에서 사용하기 시작하여 현재 원격탐측, 지구과학, 지구물리학, 측량학, 토목, 환경분야등에 다양하게 활용되고 있는 SAR영상을 이용한 최신의 원격탐측 기술이라 하겠다. 본 논문에서는 InSAR 방법을 중심으로 SAR 영상을 이용한 지형복원 방법과 변위관측 방법에 대해서 알아본다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.1258-1270
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• 2000

A synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system is able to provide all-weather, day-and-night, high resolution imaging capability in the wide area of interest, and thus is extremely useful in surveillance for both civil and military applications. In this paper, the X-band high-resolution spaceborne SAR system design is described with the key design parameters for the mission and system requirement characterized by the small satellite platform. The SAR imaging mode design technique is presented, and the standard imaging mode design results are analyzed with respect to image quality performance. In line with the system requirement, X-band SAR payload and ground reception/processing subsystems are designed and the key design results are demonstrated with the outstanding performance characteristics. The designed small satellite SAR system shows the wide range of imaging capability, and proves to be an effective surveillance systems in the light weight, high performance and cost-effective points of view.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2007.03a
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• pp.61-64
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• 2007

SAR 영상에 존재하는 군사표적은 광학 영상에 있는 군사표적에 비하여 쉽게 구별하기 힘들다. 이는 전체 영상에서 군사표적을 구성하는 픽셀의 수가 매우 적기 때문이다. 이러한 문제 때문에 SAR 영상 분석가들은 영상을 분석하는 것이 어렵다. 이 문제를 해결하기 위해서는 자동화된 분석 시스템이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 기존에 연구된 SAR 영상을 이용한 자동표적추출 시스템을 분석하고 구현하였다. 구현된 자동표적추출 시스템을 MSTAR 데이터 셋을 이용하여 실험하여 결과를 도출하고， 그 결과를 분석하여 자동표적추출 시스템 각 단계의 성능을 분석하였다. 분석 결과 각 단계별로 최적의 성능을 보여주는 임계값을 알아낼 수 있었다.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.125-132
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• 2024

Optical satellite images are being used for national security and collection of information, and their utilization is increasing. However, it acquires low-quality images that are not suitable for the user's requirement due to weather conditions and time constraints. In this paper, a deep learning-based conversion of image and colorization model referring to high-resolution SAR images was created to simulate the occluded area with clouds of optical satellite images. The model was experimented according to the type of algorithm applied and input data, and each simulated images was compared and analyzed. In particular, the amount of pixel value information between the input black-and-white image and the SAR image was similarly constructed to overcome the problem caused by the relatively lack of color information. As a result of the experiment, the histogram distribution of the simulated image learned with the Gray-scale image and the high-resolution SAR image was relatively similar to the original image. In addition, the RMSE value was about 6.9827 and the PSNR value was about 31.3960 calculated for quantitative analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.183-194
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• 2011

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is widely used because of high resolution imaging capability in all weather and day/night condition. In this paper development of Spotlight SAR simulator is proposed for image quality analysis. Proposed SAR simulator is based on the SAR system design parameters so that SAR image performance can be expected which is essential throughout the full system development procedure from the initial concept design stage to the final in-flight calibration and validation stage. The raw data of ideal point target is first generated by taking account of the flight and imaging geometry and the various SAR system design parameters, and the Spotlight image formation algorithm is implemented in order to obtain the point target response. Finally the image quality of the generated raw data is analyzed in terms of spatial resolution, peak to sidelobe ratio and integrated sidelobe ratio.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.1063-1069
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• 2011

NCTR(Non-Cooperative Target Recognition) and ATR(Automatic Target Recognition) are methodologies to identify military targets using radar, optical, and infrared images. Among them, a strategy to recognize ground targets using synthetic aperature radar(SAR) images is called SAR ATR. In general, SAR ATR consists of three sequential stages: detection, discrimination and classification. In this paper, a modification of the polar mapping classifier(PMC) to identify inverse SAR(ISAR) images has been made in order to apply it to SAR ATR. In addition, a preprocessing scheme can mitigate the effect from the clutter, and information on the shadow is employed to improve the classification accuracy.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.693-700
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• 2018

In this paper, we propose a method to generate SAR(synthetic aperture radar) images for bistatic radar. The bistatic SAR can overcome several limitations of monostatic SAR, because the former can be applied to a variety of scenarios, compared to the latter. However, no study has been conducted on bistatic SAR imaging so far. In this paper, we propose a method to generate bistatic SAR images using the monostatic equivalent model and conventional monostatic SAR imaging algorithms. Simulations using airborne SAR in the bistatic geometry validated the efficacy of the proposed method.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.475-491
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• 2021

With the recent increase in available high-resolution (< ~1 m) satellite SAR images, the demand for precise registration of SAR images is increasing in various fields including change detection. The registration between high-resolution SAR images acquired in different look angle is difficult due to speckle noise and geometric distortion caused by the characteristics of SAR images. In this study, registration is performed in two stages, coarse and fine, using the x-band SAR data imaged at staring spotlight mode of TerraSAR-X. For the coarse registration, a method combining the adaptive sampling method and SAR-SIFT (Scale Invariant Feature Transform) is applied, and three rigid methods (NCC: Normalized Cross Correlation, Phase Congruency-NCC, MI: Mutual Information) and one non-rigid (Gefolki: Geoscience extended Flow Optical Flow Lucas-Kanade Iterative), for the fine registration stage, was performed for performance comparison. The results were compared by using RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) and FSIM (Feature Similarity) index, and all rigid models showed poor results in all image combinations. It is confirmed that the rigid models have a large registration error in the rugged terrain area. As a result of applying the Gefolki algorithm, it was confirmed that the RMSE of Gefolki showed the best result as a 1~3 pixels, and the FSIM index also obtained a higher value than 0.02~0.03 compared to other rigid methods. It was confirmed that the mis-registration due to terrain effect could be sufficiently reduced by the Gefolki algorithm.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.483-491
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• 2005

SAR signal processing technique has been considered a crucial technical part in order to generate an image from radar signal data and ADD (Agency for Defense Development) has focused on this area for years to develope our own SAR Processor for various SAR systems (Radarsat, ERS, KOMSAR). In this paper, we investigated major techniques related to generation of SAR images and developed ASPR (ADD SAR Processor for Radarsat) practically using the commercial Radarsat-1 radar signal data (RAW). We demonstrated the performance of the ASPR in comparison with the image generated by MDA and Vexcel's SAR Processor (FOCUS).