• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.17-30
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• 1975

The concept and definition of nursing and her role have been changing in accordance with the socio-cultural factors of the initial society. At present, nursing is conceptualized as a health care profession assisting man to restore, maintain and promote health by providing knowledge, wilt strength and resources through various processes of interaction. Man′s behavior, of individual and group activities for health inclusive, is driven by the initial man′s value orientation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the value orientation regarding health of rural health center milieu in order to give data for; 1. the planning for the delivery of community nursing service, 2. the health education plan at all level of nursing care activities, and 3. the planning of curriculum for nursing education. A hundred opinion leaders among the labor population residing in rural areas (P-group), hundred and six professional nurses at rural health centers (N-group) were indirectly interviewed through questionaries. And ninety five of N-group were interviewed likewise of their perceptions of P-group (NP-group) from July 15, to October 15, 1974. The result is as follows: 1. Maintenance of health is revealed to be the most valued component for man′s happiness in all the three groups. (P-group: 7.30 S. D.=1.31), (N-group :7.84 S. D. =49), and (NP-group : 5.93 S. D. =2.28) 2. The average value score of the maintenance of health revealed significant difference by P〈.001 level between each of the three groups. (Between N-group and P-group : T= -4.07 P and NP ; T=-6.93, N and NP: T=-9.35) 3. Basic health maintenance activities necessary for maintenance and promotion of personal health were moderately valued by all the three groups, P-group ; 3.74 (S. D. =.43) , N-group: 3.52 (S. D. =.34), NP-group: 3.07 (S. D. :.55) Among the 8 categories of basic health maintenance activities, "food intake" was highly valued by P-group (mean value score; 4.00 S. D=.51) , "exercise and rest" and "personal cleanliness" was highly valued by both P-group (4.02, 4.08) and N-group (4.08, 4.22). 4. The mean value score of basic health maintenance activities revealed significant difference by P〈.001 level between each of the three groups (between P-group and N-group: T=-4, 07, N-and NP: T=-6.93, P and NP T=-9.35) 5. Among the 30 questionaries, dynamic activities for health maintenance were more valued in comparison to passive activities in an tile three groups. 6. In N-group, correlation between the value of basic health maintenance activities and the personal health status personal revealed moderate significance. Correlation between the value of basic health maintenance activities and the age revealed low significance. 7. In group, correlation between the value of basic health maintenance activities and; perception of personal health status revealed non significance, between the age and sex revealed low sign affiance, and between the educational status revealed moderate significance. Recommendations are as follows ; 1. The efforts towards alteration of value orientation concerning health in general in community nursing practice de focussed be that of family Planning. 2. In order to prepare professional nurses competent in understanding individual and group, social science and behavioral science be strength ended in planning nursing curriculum. 3. Milieu of nursing experience during nursing education be Planned to begin at simple nursing problem and move towards complex, f. e. home care towards health crisis situation in order to achieve dynamic role mastery.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.93-102
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• 1996

The optical system of lens must be designed to tramsmit light over wide wavelength range and to have lower reflectivity in order to obtain higher spectral transmittance. However, the reflection color light appears due to the remain-reflection light in any optical system of lens. The wavelength of the reflection color light can be controlled by the structure of the number of layers, thickness of layer, reflective index, wavelength of incidence, and substrate etc. In the optical systems of the single layer and the double layers, the reflection color light appears in the condition of the anti-reflection of ${\lambda}s/{\lambda}$ = 1.0 by the color mixture of the remain-reflection lights in the ranges of the longer wavelength side and the shorter one of the ${\lambda}s/{\lambda}$ = 1.0, and of the double layers and triple layers, the reflection color light positioned at P1 < ${\lambda}s/{\lambda}$ < P2 appears in the condition of the antireflection of ${\lambda}s/{\lambda}$ = $PI{\ll}1$ and $P2{\gg}1$. In the optical system of the multi-layers, many antireflection points are existed at the various s/ values, and the reflection color light by the color mixture of the remain-reflection lights in the ranges except for the antireflection points.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.3083-3088
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• 2012

We investigated the prognostic value of pituitary tumor transforming gene 1 (PTTG1) expression according to clinicopathological features among localized or locally advanced prostate cancer cases receiving hormone therapy. A retrospective study involved 64 patients receiving combined androgen blockade treatment was performed. PTTG1 expression was determined by immunohistochemical staining using initial needle biopsy specimens for diagnosis. Associations of PTTG1 with various clinicopathological features and disease-free survival were examined via uni- and multivariate analyses. No association between PTTG1 expression and clinical T stage, Gleason score, pretreatment PSA levels, risk groups was found (p =0.682, 0.184, 0.487, 0.571, respectively). Univariate analysis revealed that increased PTTG1 expression, T3 stage and high risk group were associated with increased risk of disease progression (p =0.000, 0.042, and 0.001), and high PSA level had a tendency to predict disease progression (p =0.056). Cox hazard ratio analysis showed that PTTG1 low expression (p =0.002), PTTG1 high expression (p =0.000) and high risk group (p =0.0147) were significantly related to decreased disease-free survival. In conclusion, PTTG1 expression determined by immunohistochemical staining in needle biopsy specimens for diagnosis is a negative prognostic factor for progression in localized or locally advanced prostate cancer receiving hormone therapy.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.367-378
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• 1994

Let P and Q be probability measures of a measurable space $(\Omega, F)$, and ${F_n}_{n \geq 1}$ be a sequence of increasing sub $\sigma$-fields which generates F. For each $n \geq 1$, let $P_n$ and $Q_n$ be the restrictions of P and Q to $F_n$, respectively. Under the assumption that $Q_n \ll P_n$ for every $n \geq 1$, a zero-one condition is derived for P and Q to have the dichotomy, i.e., either $Q \ll P$ or $Q \perp P$. Then using this condition and the Kolmogorov's zero-one law, we give new and simple proofs of the dichotomy theorems for a pair of Gaussian measures and Poisson processes with examples.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.59 no.10
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• pp.1923-1928
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• 2010

The IEC 61850 protocol proposed for the interoperability between IEDs(intelligent electronic devices) adopts the prioritized switched ethernet as its communication channel because substation bus is utilized to exchange both real-time and non real-time messages. The prioritized switched ethernet uses IEEE 802.1Q/p QoS(Quality of Service) in addition to IEEE 802.3 ethernet to enhance the real-time characteristics. However, IEEE 802.1Q/p QoS has priority-blocking problem that occurs when higher-priority frame transmission request during lower-priority frame transmission. To resolve this problem, this paper proposes P(Preemptive)-Ethernet. P-Ethernet uses the modified IEEE 802.1Q/p frame format and new priority preemption mechanism. This paper also implements P-Ethernet controller using FPGA (Virtex-4) and MicroBlaze processor. From the implementation results, P-Ethernet controller shows a improved latency and jitter of transmission period compare to the normal ethernet controller.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.333-342
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• 2007

Suppose that ${\mu}$ is a finite positive Borel measure on the unit ball $B{\subset}C^n$. The boundary of B is the unit sphere $S=\{z:{\mid}z{\mid}=1\}$. Let ${\sigma}$ be the rotation-invariant measure on S such that ${\sigma}(S)=1$. In this paper, we will show that if $sup_{{\zeta}{\in}S}\;{\int}_{B}\;P(z,{\zeta})d{\mu}(z)$<${\infty}$ where $P(z,{\zeta})$ is the Poission-Szeg$\ddot{o}$ kernel for B, then ${\mu}$ is a Carleson measure. We will also show that if $sup_{{\zeta}{\in}S}\;{\int}_{B}\;P(z,{\zeta})d{\mu}(z)$<${\infty}$, then the operator T such that T(f) = P[f] is compact as a mapping from $L^p(\sigma)$ into $L^p(B,d{\mu})$.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.249-261
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• 1992

Electrochemical behavior of the heavy lanthanide complexes of alizarin red S(ARS) has been investigated by d. c. polarography, differential pulse polarography and cyclic voltammetry. The reduction mechanism at a mercury electrode of alizarin red S as a complexing ligand showed a one step of two-electron transfer and the electron process is found to be reversible. Alizarin red S forms a 3:1 adsorptive complexes with lanthanides and the complexes are reduced via one step of two-elctron. The reduction potential of complex wave($P_2$) shifted more negatively than the ligand wave($P_1$). The linear calibration curves of the decreacing $P_1$ and increasing $P_2$ is obtained when the lanthanide concentration varies from $2.0{\times}10^{-6}M$ to $6.4{\times}10^{-5}M$ under the condition of pH 9.5, 0.1M LiCl and $1{\times}10^{-3}M$ ARS.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.27 no.5_6
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• pp.1211-1220
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• 2009

In this paper, we consider the multipoint boundary value problem for the one-dimensional p-Laplacian $({\phi}_p(u'))'$(t)+q(t)f(t,u(t),u'(t))=0, t $\in$ (0, 1), subject to the boundary conditions: $u(0)=\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n-2}{\alpha}_iu({\xi}_i),\;u(1)=\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n-2}{\beta}_iu({\xi}_i)$ where $\phi_p$(s) = $|s|^{n-2}s$, p > 1, $\xi_i$ $\in$ (0, 1) with 0 < $\xi_1$ < $\xi_2$ < $\cdots$ < $\xi{n-2}$ < 1 and ${\alpha}_i,\beta_i{\in}[0,1)$, 0< $\sum{\array}{{n=2}\\{i=1}}{\alpha}_i,\sum{\array}{{n=2}\\{i=1}}{\beta}_i$<1. Using a fixed point theorem due to Bai and Ge, we study the existence of at least three positive solutions to the above boundary value problem. The important point is that the nonlinear term f explicitly involves a first-order derivative.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.569-583
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• 1995

Background: The expression of the adhesion molecules on the cell surface is important in the movement of cells and the modulation of immune response. DILD starts as an alveolitis and progresses to pulmonary fibrosis. So adhesion molecules in these patients is expected to be increased. There are several reports about adhesion molecules in DILD in terms of the percentage of positive cells in immuno-stain, in which the interpretation is subjective and the data were variable. Methods: So we measured the relative median fluorescence intensity(RMFI) which is the ratio of the FI emitted by bound primary monoclonal antibody to FI emitted by isotypic control antibody of the cells in BALF of 28 patients with DILD(IPF:10, collagen disease:7, sarcoidosis:9, hypersensitivity pneumonitis:2) and 9 healthy control. Results: RMFI of the ICAM-1 on AM($3.30{\pm}1.16$) and lymphocyte($5.39{\pm}.70$) of DILD were increased significantly than normal control($0.93{\pm}0.18$, $1.06{\pm}0.21$, respectively, p=0.001, P=0.003). RMFI of the CD18 on lymphocyte was also higher($24.9{\pm}14.9$) than normal($4.59{\pm}3.77$, p=0.0023). And there was a correlation between RMFI of ICAM on AM and the % of AM(r=-0.66, p=0.0001) and lymphocyte(r=0.447, p=0.0116) in BALF. Also RMFI of ICAM on lymphocyte had a significant (r=0.593, p=0.075) correlation with the % of IL-2R(+) lymphocyte in BALF. The soluble ICAM(sICAM) in serum was also significantly elevated in DILD($499.7{\pm}222.2\;ng/ml$) compred to normal($199.0{\pm}38.9$) (p=0.00097) and sICAM in BAL fluid was also significantly higher than normal control group($41.8{\pm}23.0\;ng/ml$ vs $20.1{\pm}13.6\;ng/ml$). There was a Significant correlation between sICAM level in serum and the expression of ICAM-l on AM(r=0.554, p=0.0259).Conclusion: These data suggest that in DILD the expression of adhesion molecules is increased in the AM and BAL lymphocytes with elevated serum sICAM, and these parameter may be useful in determining disease activity.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.41-55
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• 1998

An analysis of 87 stroke Patients who were enrolled in 7 hospitals in cities of Pusan, Taegu, Kumi, and Andong from January 1 to May 31, 1998 was conducted using the modified Barthel Index(BI) and the adapted PULSES profile index(PS) to evaluate their function. Patients were examined at the following intervals : Initial assessment, one month after initial, at discharge, and ore month after discharge. The mean BI score of patients initial assessment was 26.32. and that of PS was 17.34. There were statistically significant between initial score and one month after initial (16.61 : p<0.001), at discharge(33.51 : p<0,001), one month after discharge(43,56 : p<0.001). PS scores were also improved significantly(-2.1, -3. 94, and -5.52(p<0.001), and BI score between discharge and one month after discharge wag significant improvement(10.06 : p <0.001) and in PS score(-1,57 : p<0.001). Age and BI scone were significantly associated with the improved in BI score between initial and discharge (T3-T1)(p<0.05). Below age forty and the lower initial BI score showed significantly higher improvement(T3-T1) after physical therapy(p<0.05). Initial BI score, BI score at discharge, and religion were significantly associated with the improvement of BI score between initial and one month after discharge(T4-T1)(p<0.05). The lower initial BI score, the high. BI score at discharge, and the religious showed significantly higher improvement(T4-T1)(p<0.05). BI score at discharge and religion were significantly associated with the improvement of BI score between at discharge and one month after discharge(T4-T3)(p<0.05). The lower BI score at discharge, the religious showed significantly higher improvement(T4-T3)(p<0.05) Initial PS score were significantly associated with the improved in PS score between initial and discharge(T3-T1)(p<0.05). The higher initial PS score showed significantly hier improvement(T3-T1)(p<0.05). Initial PS score, Bi score at discharge, and patient's attitude for physical therapy after discharge were significantly associated with the improvement of PS score between initial and one month after discharge(T4- T1)(p <0.05). The higher initial PS scorer the lower PS score at discharge, patient's positive attitude for physical therapy after discharge showed significantly higher improvement(T4-T1)(p<0.05). PS score at discharge, Patient's attitude for Physical therapy after discharge were significantly associated with the improvement of PS score between discharge and one month after discharge(T4-T3)(p<0.05). The higher PS score at discharge, patient's positive attitude for physical therapy after discharge showed significantly higher improvement(T4-T3)(p<0.05). In conclusion, Initial BI score, BI score at discharge, age, and religion were significantly associated with BI score improvement. initial PS score, BI score discharge, and patient's attitude for physical therapy after discharge were significantly associated with PS score improvement in stroke patients.