• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.280-285
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• 1995

To develop natural food preservatives, antimicrobial effect of the ethanol extract of leaf mustard against E. coli and S. aureus were examined in terms of compositions and leakage of cellular materials in the microorganisms treated with the extract. No effect of the concentration of ethanol extract on the fatty acid composition of E. coli and S. aureus at logarithmic phase was showen, but the content of palmitic and palmitoleic acid of E. coli slightly increased and decreased, respectively, and the content of palmitic and margaric acid of S. aureus slightly increased, when compared to each control. Ethanol extract did not affect most of the amino acids E. coli and S. aureus at logarithmic phase ; however, some of them(proline, glycine, valine and histidine of E. coli and proline, methionine and histidine of s. aureus) were elevated and some other amino acid(aspartic acid, glutamic acid, tyrosine and arginine of E. coli and aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, alanine and lysine of Staph. aureus) found to be decreased. The amount of cell body protein leaked from E. coli and S. aureus increased to 1.02 and 0.22mg/g cell weight, respectively, as compared to controls. Similarly, the substances with absorbance at 260 nm from E. coli and s. aureus increased to 0.12 and 0.06mg/g cell weight, respectively.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.66-69
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• 2012

Raffaelea quercus-mongolicae에 대한 항균작용을 하는 미생물을 분리하기 위하여 200개의 균주를 분리하였으며 이 중 SG 1-9, 1-12와 SG 2-8, 2-10, 2-17 5개의 균주에서 항균활성을 확인하였다. 5개의 균주는 확인을 위하여 16S rDNA 염기서열 분석을 하였으며, SG 1-9는 Streptomyces cinnamoneus와 98%의 homology가 SG 1-12는 Burkholderia cepacia와 98% homology가 같은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 SG 2-8은 Streptomyces fradiae와 99%의 homology를 SG 2-10은 Staphylococcus epidermidis와 97%를 SG 2-17은 Staphylococcus epidermidis와 99%의 homology를 나타내었다. 위 5개의 균주 중 활성이 가장 강한 SG 2-17의 유기용매추출물과 단백질추출물을 분리하여 활성을 조사하였으며 유기용매추출물에서 강한 활성을 확인하였다. 3개의 유기용매 중 benzene 추출물이 가장 높은 Raffaelea quercus-mongolicae의 균사성장을 억제하였다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.496-505
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• 2009

The influence of roasting time on antibacterial and antioxidative effects of methanol and water coffee extracts was investigated. Extract yield differed with roasting time. The maximum yield of methanol extract was 20.02% and 24.00% at respective roasting times of 12 and 20 min. The maximum yield of water extracts was 2.70% and 18.58% at 5 and 25 min roasting time, respectively. Antibacterial effects of each extract were determined by the classical minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) paper disc diffusion method. Methanol extracts of different coffee samples inhibited growth of various strains except Escherichia coli. Extracts obtained following roasting times of 12, 14, 16, 20, and 25 min in particular displayed the most potent activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Among these extracts, that obtained from 12 min roasted coffee samples produced a MIC of $16.125{\mu}g$/mL against S. aureus. Water extracts applied at $1,000{\mu}g$/mL were growth inhibitory except against Salmonella choleraesuis and Prevotella intermedia. However, growth inhibition by water extracts was weak, with inhibitory zones of only 6-8 mm diameter produced. Determinations of free radical elimination for the different coffee extracts using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl were compared with ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxytoluene positive controls. Methanol and water extracts of different coffee samples ($100{\mu}g$/mL) showed $67.1{\sim}92.3%$ and $66.4{\sim}93.3%$ radical scavenging activity, respectively. However, longer roasting time (especially >20 min) tended to somewhat lower free radical elimination using both extracts. Total phenol in different coffee samples measured by the Folin-Denis method revealed the highest level of phenol contents with non-roasted coffee, whereas phenol content differed with different roasting time, ranging from $87.{\sim}126.5\;mg/g$ in methanol extracts. In water extracts, the phenol content was maximum at 8 min roasting time, whereas in other samples the content was varied from $95.0{\sim}199.1\;mg/g$.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.95-98
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• 2013

Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a major swine pathogen and an emerging zoonotic agent and is an increasing public health problem across Asia. The present study was undertaken to estimate the antibacterial effect of GR extract and therapeutic effect of GR extract against S. suis infection in mice. At the concentration of GR extract 2.5 mg/ml, the antibacterial effect was not shown on S. suis. However, the antibacterial effect against S. suis was observed at the concentration of GR extract 5.0 mg/ml. Oral administration of GR extract at the dose of 10 mg/kg showed a therapeutic effect for S. suis infected BALB/c mice. The mortality of GR extract-treated mice at the concentration of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg was 80%, 70%, and 50% at 12 days, respectively, while that of untreated mice was 100% at 8 days after a lethal dose of S. suis infection. The results of our study strongly indicate that GR extract has potential as an effective for S. suis infection in mice.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.642-647
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 식중독 유발세균에 대한 항균활성이 우수한 천연 항균성 물질을 검색하기 위해 예로부터 민간과 한방에서 널리 이용되어 온 금은화를 각종 유기용매로 추출하여 식중독 유발세균에 대한 항균활성을 조사해 보았다. 금은화를 petroleum ether, chloroform, ethly acetate, methanol를 이용하여 실온에서 각각 용매별로 계통 분획하고, 열수추출물을 얻은 후, 9종의 식중독 유발세균(Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Salmonella paratyphimurium, Shigella flexneri, Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, Shigella dysenteriae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella sonnei)에 대하여 항균효과를 조사하였다. 금은화 추출물의 농도별 항균 활성 검색에서는 금은화의 ethyl acetate 추출물이 가장 큰 항균 효과를 보였으며 Shigella dysenteriae가 가장 민감하게 반응하는 균주였다. 금은화의 ethyl acetate 추출물과 인진쑥의 ethyl acetate 추출물을 혼합하여 항균력을 측정해 본 결과, 두 추출물을 섞어 첨가했을 경우가 단독으로 사용했을 시 보다 상승효과를 나타내었다. 또한 금은화의 ethyl acetate 추출물이 식중독 유발세균의 성자에 미치는 효과를 검정하기 위해 Staphylococcus epidermidis 및 Shigella dysenteriae의 배양액에 금은화의 ethyl acetate 추출물을 각각 3,000ppm 농도로 첨가했을 시, Staphylococcus epidermidis의 생육이 12시간까지 억제됨을 관찰할 수 있었고, Shigella dysenteriae의 생육도 12시간까지 지연시킬 수 있었다. 이상의 결과 금은화의 ethyl acetate 추출물은 Staphylococcus epidermidis와 Shigella dysenteriae의 성장을 억제시킴을 알 수 있었다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.40-50
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• 1992

산효유제품(酸酵乳製品) 제조시(製造時) 유산균(乳酸菌) Starter의 산효성(酸酵性)을 촉진(促進)하기 위한 기초연구(基礎硏究)로서 Bulk medium에 Bios 2000, CR starter medium 및 Yeast extract를 각각(各各) 1.5%씩첨가(添加)하고 Lac. bulgaricus, Str. thermophilus 및 Lac. casei를 접종(接種) 배양(培養)하고 산도(酸度), pH 및 유산균수(乳酸菌數)의 변화(變化)를 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. Lactobacillus bulgaricus의 배양(培養)중 산(酸) 생성도(生成度)는 Control구(區)는 배양(培養) 16시간(時間)에 0.99%에 이르렀는데 비하여, CR starter mediurn 첨가구(添加區)는 배양(培養) 12시간(時間)에 1.0%이었고, Yeast extract 첨가구(添加區)는 배양(培養) 12시간(時間)에 1.12% 이였으며, Bios 200첨가구(添加區)는 배양(培養) 10시간(時間)만에 0.97%로써 가장 빠른 산생성도(酸生成度)를 보였다. 2. Lac bulgaricus의 배양(培養)중 pH의 변화(變化)는 Control구(區)는 배양(培養) 16시간(時間)에 4.03이였는데 반하여 Bios 2000 첨가구(添加區)는 배양(培養) 10시간(時間)에 4.10에 이르렀다. 또한, Yeast extract 첨가구(添加區)는 배양(培養) 12시간(時間)에 3.97, CR starter medium 첨가구(添加區)는 배양(培養) 12시간(時間)에 4.05를 나타내었다. 3. Lac. bulgaricus의 배양(培養)중 유산균수(乳酸菌數) 변화(變化)는 Control구(區)가 배양(培養) 16시간(時間)에 $3.1{\times}10^{10}/ml$이 되었는데 반하여 Bios 2000 첨가구(添加區)는 10시간(時間)에 $2.1{\times}10^{10}/ml$에 이르러 가장 빠른 생육(生育) 촉진현상(促進現狀)을 보였다. 한펀, CR starter medium 첨가구(添加區)는 12시간(時間)에 $2.9{\times}10^{10}/ml$, Yeast extract 첨가구(添加區)는 12시간(時間)에 $3.8{\times}10^{10}/ml$를 나타내었다. 4. Streptococcus thermophilus의 배양(培養)중 Acidlty 변화(變化)는 Control구(區)가 44시간(時間)만에 0.92%에 이르렀으며, CR starter medium 첨가구(添加區)는 40시간(時間)에 0.96%, Yeast extract 첨가구(添加區)는 32시간(時間)에 0.90% 이었다. 한편, Bios 2000 첨가구(添加區)는 32시간(時間)에 0.97%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 5. Str. thermophilus 배양(培養)중 pH 변화(變化)는 Control구(區)가 44시간(時間)에 4.27 이고, CR starter medium 첨가구(添加區)는 40시간(時間)에 4.33, Yeast extract 첨가구(添加區)는 32시간(時間)에 4.25이었다. 한편, Bios 2000 첨가구(添加區)는 32시간(時間)에 4.18로 가장 높게 나타났다. 6. Str. thermophilus의 배양(培養)중 유산균수(乳酸菌數) 변화(變化)는 Control구(區)가 44시간(時間)에 $9.8{\times}10^{9}/ml$이고, CR starter medium 첨가구(添加區)는 40시간(時間)에 $9.5{\times}10^{8}/ml$, Yeast extract 첨가구(添加區)는 32시간(時間)에 $9.6{\times}10^{8}/ml$이었다. 한편, Bios 2000 첨가구(添加區)는 32시간(時間)에 $2.0{\times}10^{9}/ml$로 가장 높게 나타났다. 7. Lactobacillus casei 균종(菌種)의 배양(培養) 중의 Acidity 변화(變化)는 Control구(區)가 40시간(時間)에 0.92%에 이르렀으며, CR starter medium 첨가구(添加區)는 40시간(時間)에 0.95%, Yeast extract 첨가구(添加區)는 36시간(時間)에 1.01%이었다. 한편, Bios 2000 첨가구(添加區)는 32시간(時間)에 0.94%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 8. Lac. casei 균종(菌種)의 배양(培養)중 pH 변화(變化)는 Control구(區)가 40시간(時間)에 4.27이고, CR starter medium 첨가구(添加區)는 40시간(時間)에 4.21, Yeast extract 첨가구(添加區)는 36시간(時間)에 4.15이었다. 한편, Bios 2000 첨가구(添加區)는 32시간(時間)에 4.23으로 가장 높게 나타났다. 9. Lac. casei균종(菌種)의 배양(培養)중 유산균수(乳酸菌數) 변화(變化)는 Control구(區)가 40시간(時間)에 $9.4{\times}10^{7}/ml$이고, CR starter medium 첨가구(添加區)는 40시간(時間)에 $1.1{\times}10^{8}/ml$, Yeast extract 첨가구(添加區)는 36시간(時間)에 $5.0{\times}10^{8}/ml$이었다. 한편, Bios 2000 첨가구(添加區)는 32시간(時間)에 $6.4{\times}10^{8}/ml$로 가장 높게 나타났다.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.101-132
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• 2007

Objective : This research investigates the effect of the NogYongDaeBoTang,(NYDBT) on Alzheimer's disease. Method : The effects of the NYDBT extract on (1) $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, and $TNF-{\alpha}$ mRNA of PC-12 cells treated with LPS; (2) acetylcholinesterase(AChE), amyloid precursor proteins(APP), and glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) mRNA the AChE activity and the APP production of PC-12 cell treated with CT-105; (3) the behavior; (4) expression of $IL-1{\beta}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$, MDA, $IL-1{\beta}$ mRNA, and $TNF-{\alpha}$ mRNA; (5) the infarction area of the hippocampus, and brain tissue injury in Alzheimer‘s diseased mice induced with ${\beta}A$ were investigated. Results : 1. The NYDBT extract suppressed the expression of $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ mRNA in BV2 microglia cell line treated with LPS. 2. The NYDBT extract suppressed the expression of $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, and $TNF-{\alpha}$ protein production in BV2 microglia cell line treated with LPS. 3. For the NYDBT extract group a significant inhibitory effect on the memory deficit was shown for the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by $A{\beta}$ in the Morris water maze experiment, which measured stop-through latency, and distance movement-through latency. 4. The NYDBT extract suppressed the over-expression of $IL-1{\beta}$ protein, $TNF-{\alpha}$ protein, MDA, and CD68/CD11b, in the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by $A{\beta}$. 5. The NYDBT extract reduced the infarction area of hippocampus, and controlled the injury of brain tissue in the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by $A{\beta}$. 6. The NYDBT extract reduced the Tau protein, GFAP protein, and presenilin1/2 protein (immunohistochemistry) of hippocampus in the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by $A{\beta}$. Conclusions : These results suggest that the NYDBT extract may be effective for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.196-198
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• 2001

The growth retardation of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by heat or acid treated leek (Allium tuberosum) extract was observed. Antimicrobial activity of the leek was the most effective when fresh leek extract was used, but it was stable after heat treatment at 68$^{\circ}C$ for 30 min or 98$^{\circ}C$ for 20 min. It was also relatively stable after incubated at pH 2.0 for 3 hrs. The antimicrobial activity in leek was not detected after dialysis with molecular weight cutoff of 12,000. Therefore it seems to be small molecule with molecular weight lower than 12,000.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.584-591
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• 2021

Marine algae (seaweed) encompass numerous groups of multicellular organisms with various shapes, sizes, and colors, and serve as important sources of natural bioactive substances. The brown alga Ecklonia cava Kjellman, an edible seaweed, contains many bioactives such as phlorotannins and fucoidans. Here, we evaluated the antioxidative, neuroprotective, and anti-apoptotic effects of E. cava extract (ECE), E. cava phlorotannin-rich extract (ECPE), and the phlorotannin dieckol on neuronal PC-12 cells. The antioxidant capacities of ECPE and ECE were 1,711.5 and 1,050.4 mg vitamin C equivalents/g in the ABTS assay and 704.0 and 474.6 mg vitamin C equivalents/g in the DPPH assay, respectively. The dieckol content of ECPE (58.99 mg/g) was approximately 60% higher than that of ECE (36.97 mg/g). Treatment of PC-12 cells with ECPE and ECE increased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Intracellular oxidative stress in PC-12 cells due to ECPE and ECE decreased dose-independently by up to 63% and 47%, respectively, compared with the stress control (323%). ECPE reduced the production of the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and caspase-3 more effectively than ECE. Early and late apoptosis in PC-12 cells were more effectively decreased by ECPE than ECE treatments. From the results obtained in this study, we concluded that ECPE, which is rich in phlorotannins, including the marker compound dieckol, may be applied to the development of functional materials for improving cognition and memory.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.483-487
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• 2003

오미자 essential oil에 존재하는 항미생물 활성물질을 분리하기 위하여 hexane-ether 용매계를 이용하여 silica gel column chromatograph를 실시하였다. 여기서 얻은 6개 획분의 S. aureus에 대한 항미생물성을 조사하였고, 항미생물성이 큰 획분의 GC-MS를 통하여 9개의 성분을 동정하였다. 한편 오미자 정유, citronellol 및 terpineol을 첨가한 배지에서 S. aureus와 E. coli의 생육억제 효과를 관할한 결과 E. coli 보다는 S. aureus에 대한 항균력이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 오미자 정유를 농도별로 첨가한 배지중에서 S. aureus와 E. coli에 대한 경시적 생육억제 효과를 조사한 결과 S. aureus의 경우 오미자 정유 첨가군에서 $6{\sim}12$시간까지 생육이 억제되었으나 E. coli의 경우에는 생육억제 효과가 거의 없었다. 따라서 citronellol과 terpineol이 오미자 정유성분 중에 존재하는 중요 항균물질임을 확인하였다.