• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.135-144
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• 2003

Fowl typhoid is a septicemic disease of turkeys and chickens. The antigen is Salmonella(S) gallinarum, which cross-reacts with S pullorum because of common antigen. The organism is maintained in the ovary of carrier birds and transmitted vertically in the york. It is also transmitted horizontally through feces and broken eggs. The symptoms are weakness, drowsiness, wing drooping, hyperexcitability, paresis and diarrhea. In the many cases, the birds are found dead in the morning before any symptoms have been noticed. this experiment was carried out to investigate the characteristics of S gallanarum and scrutinized about the control systems. 1. Fowl typhoid was came about in the winter than the other seasons. The average of mortality was 46.3%. And it was came about not only adult poultry but also chicks. 2. S gallinarum was isolated from liver and spleen in infected chickens. Total isolated strains were 60. 3. The organisms were all extinct at 60$^{\circ}C$, 30mins. 4. A survival rate was higher in underground water than a secondary distilled water. It was detected in underground water until 30 days. 5. When being exposed to the solar light, it became extinct almost within 24 hours. 6. It was survived in a refrigerator until 12 months. 7. It was extinct among 5 mins in 0.1% phenol and 2% formalin. 8. When the cultured organism fluid was inoculated in SD-rat abdominal cavity, rat died within 24 hours. 9. Pullorum-typhoid related program must disciplines in order to destroy the fowl typhoid, and breeding system must be converted to cage system.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.73-80
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• 1970

This report summarized the results of the post-mortem diagnosis oil the 1,785 fowl live and dead during the calender year of 1966 to 1968. The disease incidences in order were; leucosis complex(21.9%) newcastle disease (10.4%), coccidiosis (6.6%) and mismanagement(3.9%). There were also a number of other diseases common to tb,e poultry flocks such as avian mycoplasmosis, pullorum disease and, nutritional disorder etc.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.526-532
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• 2020

A bacterial strain, designated B301^T and isolated from raw chicken meat obtained from a local market in Korea, was characterized and identified using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Cells were gram-negative, non-motile, obligate-aerobic coccobacilli that were catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. The optimum growth conditions were 30℃, pH 7.0, and 0% NaCl in tryptic soy broth. Colonies were round, convex, smooth, and cream-colored on tryptic soy agar. Strain B301^T has a genome size of 3,102,684 bp, with 2,840 protein-coding genes and 102 RNA genes. The 16S rRNA gene analysis revealed that strain B301^T belongs to the genus Acinetobacter and shares highest sequence similarity (97.12%) with A. celticus ANC 4603^T and A. sichuanensis WCHAc060041^T. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values for closely related species were below the cutoff values for species delineation (95-96% and 70%, respectively). The DNA G+C content of strain B301^T was 37.0%. The major respiratory quinone was Q-9, and the cellular fatty acids were primarily summed feature 3 (C_16:1 ω6c/C_16:1 ω7c), C_16:0, and C_18:1 ω9c. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidyl-glycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidyl-serine. The antimicrobial resistance profile of strain B301^T revealed the absence of antibiotic-resistance genes. Susceptibility to a wide range of antimicrobials, including imipenem, minocycline, ampicillin, and tetracycline, was also observed. The results of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and phylogenetic analyses indicate that strain B301^T represents a novel species of the genus Acinetobacter, for which the name Acinetobacter pullorum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is B301^T (=KACC 21653^T = JCM 33942^T).

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.347-353
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• 2006

Serum samples of 30 chickens per flock from 6 grand parent stock (GPS) farms and 70 parent stock (PS) farms were collected for seroprevalent study of pullorum disease-fowl typhoid (PD-FT) infection by serum plate agglutination test (SPA). The incidence of PD-FT infection in GPS flocks and PS flocks were 0% and 15.7%, respectively. Especially PS flocks infected with PD-FT showed age dependent patterns that 22.2% of flocks between 20 to 30 weeks of age and 38.9% of flocks between 30 to 40 weeks of age were positive. The incidence of GPS flocks and PS flocks using Salmonella (S.) gallinarum 9R (SG9R) live vaccine were 33.3% and 58.6%, respectively. The sero-positive rate of 11 flocks were 6.7-83.3% by SPA and 2.9-55.6% by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and ELISA showed more lower antibody levels than SPA. Furthermore, specific antibodies produced by SG9R vaccination were detectable by SPA using SG9R antigen without cross-reaction with the PD-FT infection.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.45-49
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• 2014

Pullorum disease and fowl typhoid are septicemic avian diseases transmitting through egg by transovarian infections. A series of tests has been performing in breeding flocks of chickens and test plans for proper inspection have been modified by government veterinary institute to control of such diseases. To improve inspection plans, different test methods were compared using fowl typhoid positive samples from a poultry farm located in Jeonbuk state in 2012. Based on first inspection, 11 samples among total 200 samples were positive by rapid slide agglutination (RSA) test and 7 samples among RSA positive samples were finally diagnosed as Salmonella Gallinarum infection by ELISA, bacterial isolation, PCR, and histopathologic examination. In the second inspection, 20 samples among total 100 samples were positive by RSA test. Among RSA positive ones, 19 samples were positive by ELISA, S. Gallinarm were successfully isolated in 3 samples, and 16 samples were positive by PCR in the cecal tonsils where were not successful for bacterial isolation. Based on histopathologic examination, severe inflammation in the 13 cecal tonsils and infiltration of lymphocytes and heterophils in the 11 livers were observed. Therefore, we suggest that bacterial isolation, PCR, and histopathologic examination methods in the third inspection need to be further used in various tissues for correct diagnosis and for final eradication of pullorum disease and fowl typhoid in breeding flocks of chickens.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제26권12호
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• pp.1409-1414
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• 2016

동애등에(Hermetia illucens)를 포함한 곤충은 불량환경에서 오랜 진화의 역사를 통해 병원균 침입에 대응하기 위하여 강력한 항균 펩타이드를 발현하는 선천성 면역기전을 보유하고 있다. 동애등에 생체 내 항균펩타이드를 인위적으로 유도하기 위하여, E. faecalis 포함한 5종의 세균을 한방침에 묻혀 주사하였다. 5종 세균에 의해 면역이 유도된 동애등에로부터 혈림프를 채취하여 각 세균에 따른 항균펩타이드 유도효과에 의한 항균활성을 그람양성균인 S. aureus와 그람음성균인 E. coli에 대해 비교 분석하였다. 그 결과, 고초균인 B. subtilis은 5종 세균 중 그람양성 및 음성균 둘 다에 대해서 가장 높은 항균활성을 나타내었다. B. subtilis ($1{\times}10^9cfu/ml$)에 의해 면역이 유도된 동애등에는 주사 후 24시간째 가장 강한 항균활성을 나타내었다. 또한 B. subtilis에 의해 면역이 유도된 동애등에는 가금류의 주요 병원균인 S. enteritidis, S. typhimurium 및 S. pullorum에 대해서도 높은 항균활성을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과로써, B. subtilis에 의해 면역이 유도된 동애등에는 가축 성장촉진용 항생제를 대체할 수 있는 사료첨가제로써 매우 유용할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.261-269
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• 2012

본 연구에서 18종의 한약재추출물을 제조하여 병원성세균에 대한 한약재의 항균활성을 측정하였다. 오배자, 오미자 및 소목 메탄올 추출물은 대부분 균주에 대해 5 mg/mL 수준에서 항균활성을 나타냈으나 15여 종의 한약재추출물들은 30 mg/mL 수준에서 항균활성을 나타냈다. 오배자의 S. epidermidis와 Bor. bronchiseptica에 대한 최소저해농도는 0.6 mg/mL로 나타났다. 우수한 항균활성이 확인된 오배자, 소목, 오미자, 황금을 대상으로 극성이 다른 5가지 용매로 순차 분획하여 항균활성을 검토한 결과 대부분의 균주에서 EtOAc층이 다른 분획층에 비해 성장억제효과가 높게 나타났다. 항균력이 우수한 한약재추출물의 미생물 증식억제 효과를 조사하기 위해 증식배지에 0, 100, 300 및 500 ppm의 메탄올 추출물을 첨가하였다. 한약재 추출물을 첨가하지 않은 대조구에서는 12시간 이후 급격한 균의 성장을 나타내고 있으나 오배자와 소목추출물의 첨가 농도가 높을수록 그람 양성균인 S. aureus, S. epidermidis 및 L. monocytogenes는 뚜렷한 억제효과를 나타냈다. 오배자추출물은 그람음성균인 Sal. Pullorum과 Sal. Choleraesuis의 성장을 저해하였고 Bor. bronchiseptica, E. coli serotype $O_8$은 오배자와 소목추출물은 낮은 농도에서 성장이 다소 저해되었음을 보여주었고, 추출물의 농도가 높을수록 균의 성장이 강하게 억제되었다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.45-59
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• 2000

The present study was conducted to investigate the epidemiological properties of salmonellosis of poultry farms in Kyongbuk province during the relied from November 1998 to November 1999 And antibiotic susceptibility and biochemical characteristics of 120 Salmonella cultures isolated from chicken samples were also investigated. The results obtained through this study were summarized as follows, 1. Among 667,200 chickens of 31 flocks in 17 layer farms and 9 broiler farms, 61,350 chickens of 31 flocks were died with salmonellosis. The death rate of 25 farms varied from 0.1% to 75.0%, and the average death rate was 9.2%. 2. According to etiological agents, fowl typhoid was shown the most predominant outbreak among the salmonellosis during a year, which accounted for 8R.0%(22/25) of the total case 3. The serotypes of 120 Salmonella isolates were identified as 7 strains(5.8%) of S pullorum, 10 strains(8.4%) of S typhimurium and 103 strains(85.8%) of S gallinarum. 4. Most outbreak of fowl typhoid were prevalent on the layer chicken farms(77.1%), and the summer season(45.5%) also appeared the most hazardous season during the year. 5. It seemed that the Hyline breed(70.6%) was the most susceptible among the layer chicken breeds, and followed by Isabrown(23.5%), Tetra(5.9%) in order. 6. In layers, 76.4% of fowl typhoid occurred commonly from 14 to 40 weeks including the early laying peroid, but in broiler farms, all cases was outbreak within first second weeks. 7 All the strains of S pullorum were resistant to lincomycin(Lm), penicillin(Pm), and steptomycin(Sm), but sensitive to amikacin(Ak), ampicillin(Am), cephalothin(Ce), ciprofloxacin (CiP), chloramphenicol(Cm), colistin(Co), enrofloxacin(Enr), furazolidone(Fu), gentamicin(Gm), kanamycin(Km), neomycin(Nm), polymyxin(Po), and teracycline(Tc). All the strains of S typhimurium were resistant to Lm(100%), Pm(100%), Po(90%), and Sm(90%), but were sensitive to Ak, Am, Ce, CiP, Cm, Co, Enr, Fu, Gm, Km, Nm, and Tc. 8. Minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) of 103 strains of S gallinarum were also evaluated and their patterns were much more variable than others. All the strains of S gallinarum were sensitive to Ak, Am, Ce, Cip, Cm, Enr, Fu, Km, and Nm, but resistant to Lm(100%), and Sm(100%), 99(96.1%) to Co, 83(80.6%) to Pm, and 83(80.6%) to Po, 55(53.4%) to Gm, and 33(32.0%) to Tc. 9. The multiple drug resistance patterns of 120 Salmonella strains were CoLmPmPo Sm pattern(34.2%), CoGmLmPmPoSmTc(20.8%), CoGmLmPmPoSm(13.3%), CoGmLmSm(7.5%), LmPmSm(7.5%), LmPm(6.7%), CoLmSmTc(3.3%),, CoGmLmSmTc(1.7%), GmLmSmTc(1.7%), CoGmLmPoSm(0.1%), LmPmPo(0.1%), CoLm Sm(0.1%), and LmSm(0.1%), in order.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.137-150
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• 1992

한국에 있어서 양계산업은 대규모의 현대화된 농장과 오래된 소규모농장이 양립하고 있는 매우 복잡한 양상을 나타내고 있는 상황으로써 이러한 연유로 인해 각종 전염성 질병에 있어서도 혼란 된 역학적 상황이 야기되고 있는 실정이다. 국내에서 경제적으로 중요시되고 있는 주요 가금질병으로는 대사균증, 추백이, 마이코플라즈마 갈리셉티쿰 감염병, 전염성 코라이자, 전염성 활막염등의 세균성 질병, 뉴랫슬병, 계두, 마렉병, 조뇌척수염, 전염성 병, 전염성 후두 기관염, 전염성 기관지염 등의 바이러스성 질병 그리고 원충성 질병으로써 콕시듐병을 들 수 있다. 한편으로 가금 인풀루엔자, 가금콜레라 및 가금티푸스는 최근 수십연간 국내발생이 보고된 바 없으며 외래성 질병으로 간주되고 있다. 본고에서는 국내 발생하고 있는 상기 주요 가금질병들의 역학적 상태, 경제적 영향, 방제방안 및 최근 연구 활동에 대해서 논하였다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.189-194
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• 2003

The present study was conducted to investigate the preventive effect of feed supplemented with 1.0% oriental herbal medicine feed additives (OHMFA) on the colonization of Salmonella spp. and incidence of death in broiler chickens. The frequency of Salmonella spp. in feces samples treated with OHMFA (25/239; 10.5%) was significantly reduced (p<0.05) than that of control group (83/347; 23.9%). A total of 108 Salmonella spp, belonging to four different serotypes, were isolated from three broiler farms. Among the serotypes isolated, Salmonella typhimurium was the moot prevalent (60.2%), followed by S. enteritidis (20.4%), S. gallinarum (13.0%) and S. pullorum (6.4%). In incidence of death in chickens during experiment, the mortality of rate OHMFA group (3.9%) was significantly lower (p<0.01) than that of control group (5.7%). These results show that the administration of OHMFA may prevent the colonization of Salmonella in chickens.