• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.31-48
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to present the basic data for establishing the plan of usage and management of healing forest by surveying and analysing the vascular plants distributed in Jangseong Healing Forest. The numbers of vascular plants were summarized as 338 taxa including 85 families, 211 genera, 294 species, 3 subspecies, 33 varieties and 8 forms. In the result of life form, hemicryptophytes and geophytes were the most common and hydrophytes were the least. The rare plants were 5 taxa including Abies koreana Wilson(planted), Thuja orientalis L.(planted), Scutellaria insignis Nakai, Tricyrtis macropoda Miq. and Arisaema heterophyllum Blume. The Korean endemic plants were 12 taxa including Philadelphus schrenkii Rupr., Indigofera koreana Ohwi, Lycoris flavescens M.Y.Kim ＆ S.T.Lee and so forth. The specific plants by floristic region were 28 taxa including 2 taxa of grade IV, 3 taxa of grade III, 7 taxa of grade II and 16 taxa of grade I. The naturalized plants were 20 taxa including Fallopia convolvulus (L.) $A.L{\ddot{o}}ve$, Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, Veronica arvensis L., Poa pratensis L. and so forth. The invasive alien plants were Rumex acetocella L. and Ambrosia artemisiifolia L..

• KSBB Journal
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 2009

For the biosurfactant production process at first Candida bombicola, Sphingomonas yanoikuyae, Sphingomonas chungbukensis and Myxococcus flavescens were studied. As the most productive microorganisms C. bombicola, S. yanoikuyae and S. chungbukensis were selected. During many petrochemical industrial processes variable volatile organic componds are produced and they can cause an unpleasent and unhealthy atmosphere. Usually the volatile organic compounds are treated with chemical detergents. The chemical detergents cannot be easily degradable and can be accumulated in the nature. In this study we tried to develop a production process for the biosurfactants, which can substitute some chemical detergents in some chemical processes, with microorganisms. At second the treatment of the volatile organic compounds with the biosurfactants were tested and compared with the treatment with chemical detergent. The production productivities of the biosurfactant with microorganisms were compared. The growth patterns and kinetics of the microbial cells and the surface tension values of the biosurfactants were studied. The changes of the surface tension in variable pH conditions and sodium chloride concentrations were also studied. The volatile organic carbons were treated in a small plant scale. As the result of this study, it indicated that the specific growth rate of S. chungbukensis was the fastest by 0.144 ($hr^{-1}$). For surface tension, C. bombicola (38.1 dyne/cm) had the lowest value, and solubility of the volatile organic carbon was similar in C. bombicola and S. chungbukensis. (Toluene: about 0.1 Unit, Chloroform: about 0.6${\sim}$0.7 Unit, Benzene: about 0.5${\sim}$0.8 Unit). The biosurfactant, which were produced by C. bombicola, was selected for the further study for the volatile organic carbon treatment. With the biosurfactans from C. bombicola could remove the volatile organic carbon about 80% and this removal rate can be comparable with chemical detergent.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.47-51
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• 2013

Yeasts isolated from wild flowers of Gyejoksan in Daejeon city, Oseosan in Chungchungnamdo, and Baekamsan in Jeollabukdo, Korea were identified by comparison of nucleotide sequences for PCR-amplified D1/D2 region of 26S rDNA or internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1 and 2 including 5.8S rDNA using BLAST. Twelve yeast strains of ten species and seventeen yeast strains of ten species were isolated from wild flowers of Gyejoksan and Oseosan, respectively. And thirty seven yeast strains of twenty four species were isolated from wild flowers of Baekamsan. Total thirty four yeast species were isolated from three different sample collection areas, but only nine species were overlapped from the at least two different sampling areas: Cryptococcus sp., Cryptococcus aureus, Cryptococcus flavescens, Cryptococcus flavus, Metschnikowia sp., Pseudozyma aphidis, Rhodotorula glutinis, Sporobolomyces carnicolor, and Sporobolomyces ruberrimus. Among them only Cryptococcus aureus was occurred from all three different collection sites. Other twenty five species were restricted to specific collection site suggesting that each area has distinctive yeast flora.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.87-95
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to isolate and identify bacteria from the 4 patients with non-odontogenic infectious lesions (mucormycosis, chronic inflammation from wound infection, and two actinomycosis) and determine their antimicrobial susceptibility against eight antibiotics. Bacterial culture was performed under three culture conditions (anaerobic, $CO_2$, and aerobic incubator). The bacterial strains were identified by 16S rRNA gene (16S rDNA) sequence comparison analysis method. For investigating the antimicrobial susceptibility of the bacteria against eight antibiotics, penicillin G, amoxicillin, tetracycline, cefuroxime, erythromycin, clindamycin, vancomycin, and Augmentin$^{(R)}$ (amoxicillin + clavulanic acid), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) measurement was performed using broth microdilution assay. Nosocomial pathogens such as Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilis, and Neisseria flavescens were isolated from mucormycosis. Veillonella parvula, Enterobacter hormaechei, and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus were isolated from chronic inflammatory lesion. Actinomyces massiliensis was isolated from actinomycosis in parotid gland. Capnocytophaga ochracea was isolated from actinomycosis in buccal region in anaerobic condition. There was no susceptible antibiotic to all bacteria in mucormycosis. Tetracycline was susceptible to all bacteria in chronic inflammation. C. ochracea was resistant to vancomycin and penicillin G; and other antibiotics showed susceptibility to all bacteria in actinomycosis. The results indicated that the combined treatment of two or more antibiotics is better than single antibiotic treatment in mucormycosis, and penicillin is the first recommended antibiotic to treat actinomycosis.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.225-232
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• 2021

This study sought to investigate the distribution, antimicrobial resistance rate, and bacterial co-infection frequency of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in a single center in Incheon, South Korea. A total of 8,258 specimens submitted for tuberculosis (TB)/NTM real-time PCR tests during the years 2015 to 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. In total, 296 specimens (3.6%) were NTM positive, and the positivity increased from 2.5% (30/1,209) in 2015 to 3.8% (66/1,740) in 2020. Of 296 NTM specimens, 54.7% (162/296) were identified as the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) followed by the Mycobacterium abscessus complex (MABC) 20.9% (62/296), M. fortuitum 6.4% (19/296) and M. flavescens 3.4% (10/296). Of the NTM-positive specimens, 76.7% (227/296) were tested for drug resistance. The results showed multidrug-resistant NTM in 40.1% (91/227) and extensively drug-resistant NTM in 59.9% (136/227) of these specimens. Of the 145 isolates taken for bacterial culture, bacteria/fungi co-infection with NTM accounted for 43.4% (63/145), in which the most common bacterial species was Klebsiella pneumonia (23.8%, 15/63). This study is the first report on the distribution and antimicrobial resistance of NTM in Incheon. As the proportion of NTM infections increases, active treatment and thorough infection control are required for effective management.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.81-90
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• 2016

This study was to investigate the effect of salt stress on physiological characteristics such as plant growth, photosynthesis, solutes related to osmoregulation of Beta vulgaris. A significant increase of dry weight was observed in 50 mM and 100 mM NaCl. The contents of Chl a, b and carotenoid were lower in NaCl treatments than the control. On 14 day after NaCl treatment, photosynthetic rate (P_N), the transpiration rate (E) and stomatal conductance of CO₂ (g_s) were reduced by NaCl treatment. On 28 day after NaCl treatment, the significant reduction in g_s and E was shown in NaCl 200 mM. However, P_N and water use efficiency (WUE) in all NaCl treatments showed higher value than that of control. Total ion contents (TIC) and osmolality were higher than the control. On 14 day after treatment, the contents of proline (Pro) increased significantly in 200 mM and 300 mM NaCl concentration compared with control, whereas on 28 day in all treatments it was lower than that of the control. The contents of glycine betaine (GB) increased with the increase of NaCl concentration. The contents of Na⁺, Cl^-, GB, osmolality and TIC increased with the increase of NaCl concentrations. These results suggested that under severe NaCl stress conditions, NaCl treatment did not induce photochemical inhibition on fluorescence in the leaves of B. vulgaris, but the reduction of chlorophyll contents was related in a decrease in leaf production. Furthermore, increased GB as well as Na⁺ and Cl^- contents resulted in a increase of osmolality, which can help to overcome NaCl stress.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 2015

Several kinds of yeasts were isolated from wild flowers collected from Muju resort of Deogyu mountain in Korea and identified by comparison of nucleotide sequences of D1/D2 region of 26S rDNA using BLAST. Totally twenty-two strains of eight species were isolated and Cryptococcus magnus (9 strains) and Cryptococcus flavescenes (6 strains) were dominant species. The supernatant and cell-free extracts were prepared and their antioxidant activity, anti-gout xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity and whitening tyrosinase inhibitory activity were investigated. Anti-gout xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities of Sporobolomyces phaffii JS00583 and Rhodotorula graminis JS00581 were 40.4% and 39.1%, respectively and also was 36.1% whitening tyrosinase inhibitory activity in the supernatant of Cryptococcus magnus JS00570.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.545-551
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• 1994

Ethanol extract of barks, roots, stems, leaves and seeds of 49 species of plants were examined their growth inhibition by disk method on Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19111, ATCC 19112, ATCC 19113, ATCC 19114 and ATCC 15313. The extracts exhibited comparatively strong growth inhibition were compared their activity with broth culture containing different concentration of the extracts. L. monocytogenes ATCC 19111 was inhibited by Siegesbeckia pubescens Makino and Morus alba Linne (Ma) extracts. L. monocytogenes ATCC 19112 and ATCC 19114 were inhibited by Ma extract. ATCC 19113 was inhibited by Sophora flavescens AITON and Ma extract. ATCC 15313 was inhibited by Foeniculum vulgare Gaertner, Prunella vulgaris Var lilacina Nakai and Ma extract. Ma extract showed comparatively good inhibition effect for 5 strains of L. monoytogenes. 500 ppm of Ma extract almost inhibited the growth of all L. monocytogenes tested.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.1266-1273
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• 2008

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with antimicrobial activity and high exopolysaccharide (EPS) production ability isolated from sourdough were studied for their fermentation characteristics as potential new starter cultures. The values of pH, titratable acidity, and viable cell counts were $4.06{\pm}0.009-4.50{\pm}0.015,\;0.787{\pm}0.020%-1.172{\pm}0.018%,\;and\;8.78{\pm}0.08-8.98{\pm}0.06$ log CFU/ml, respectively. In order to select probiotics with a high survival rate in the gut, isolates were tested to assess resistance against the artificial gastric acid and bile juice. Viable LAB counts were significantly (p<0.05) affected by the acidity. At pH 2.0, the total declines in the initial bacterial counts were 4.52$\pm$0.07 log for S. thermophilus St-Body-1, >7.98$\pm$0.03 log for E. flavescens DU-10, >7.95$\pm$0.05 log for E. faecium DU-12, and 3.15$\pm$0.06 log for L. amylovorus DU-21. Among the strains, L. amylovorus DU-21 was the only strain that had bile tolerance under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. In order to improve EPS production by L. amylovorus DU-21, the influence of carbon source was studied. When glucose was used as a carbon source, EPS production dramatically increased to 17.19$\pm$0.28 g/l (p<0.05). The maximum cell growth (10.012$\pm$>0.012 log CFU/ml) and EPS production (18.71$\pm$0.19 g/l) were achieved when 15 g/l of glucose was employed as the carbon source.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.27-53
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• 2018

This study was carried out to investigate the flora of Manisan (Ganghwa-gun) from April of 2017 to August of 2018. The vascular plants identified during the 12 round field surveys were a to total of 508 taxa: 107 families, 306 genera, 456 species, 7 subspecies, 43 varieties, 1 form, and 2 hybrids. The largest families were as follows; Asteraceae (66 taxa), Poaceae (59 taxa), Fabaceae (25 taxa), Cyperaceae (25 taxa), Rosaceae (22 taxa), Liliaceae (20 taxa), Polygonaceae (17 taxa), Lamiaceae (14 taxa), Ranunculaceae (13 taxa), and Caryophyllaceae (13 taxa). Among these plants, 169 taxa were recoeded for the first time from this region. The six taxa of Korean endemic plants including Clematis brachyura Maxim., Viola seoulensis Nakai, Carex brevispicula G. H. Nam & G. Y. Chung, C. erythrobasis H. $L{\acute{e}}v$. & Vaniot, Hemerocallis hakuunensis Nakai, and Lycoris flavescens M. Y. Kim & S. T. Lee were found in this region. The vascular plants on the red list according to IUCN evaluation basis were found to be two taxa: Near Threatened (NT) species of Wikstroemia trichotoma (Thunb.) Makino, and Not Evaluate (NE) species of Tylophora floribunda Miq., respectively. The floristic regional indicator plants found in this area were 26 taxa comprising three taxa of degree IV, four taxa of degree III, seven taxa of degree II, and 12 taxa of degree I. In addition, the alien plants were identified as 49 taxa and the percentage of naturalized index (NI) was 9.7%, and urbanization index (UI) was 15.3%, respectively.