• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
• /
• 제49권3호
• /
• pp.449-457
• /
• 2021

The aim of the present study was to survey the frequency of inducible and constitutive phenotypes and inducible cross-resistant genes by regulating the methylation of 23S rRNA (ermA, ermB, and ermC) and macrolide efflux-related msrA gene in Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis strains. A total of 172 bacterial isolates (identified based on standard tests), were examined in this study. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by the disk diffusion method, and all isolates were evaluated with respect to inducible and constitutive phenotypes. The presence of ermA, ermB, ermC, and msrA genes was investigated by a PCR assay. The constitutive resistance phenotypes showed a higher distribution among the isolates. R phenotype was detected more among S. epidermidis isolates (46.25%). ermB, ermC, and msrA genes were detected more in methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis (MRSE) isolates that had R and HD phenotypes (>77% strains). The ermA gene had the lowest frequency among MRSA, MRSE, MSSA, and MSSE strains (<14% isolates). Distribution of inducible resistance genes in MRSA and MRSE strains, and possibly other species, leads to increased constitutive resistance to erythromycin, clindamycin, and other similar antibiotics. Therefore, it can be challenging to treat infections caused by these resistant strains.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.19-25
• /
• 2006

Objective : This experimental study was performed to investigate the effect of Soyum Herbal-acupuncture, Hwangryunhaedoktang & Coptidis rhizoma on Staphylococcus epidermidis that induce keratitis. Methods : MIC was measured by dropping to $50{\mu}l$ according to density Soyum Herbal-acupuncture, Hwangryunhaedoktang & Coptidis rhizoma(100%, 10%, 1%, 0.1%). Anti-bacterial potency was measured by the size of inhibition zone with change of volume. Results : 1. MIC on Staphylococcus epidermidis in Soyum Herbal-acupuncture dippear all sample. 2. MIC on Staphylococcus epidermidis in Hwangryunhaedoktang disappear all sample. 3. MIC on Staphylococcus epidermidis in Coptidis rhizoma was 100%, $50{\mu}l$ and anti-bacterial potency increase compare with quantity. Conclusions : The present author think that Soyum Herbal-acupuncture must be extracted a new method for anti-bacterial potency and Coptidis rhizoma was made Herbal-acupuncture for eye drops.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제43권1호
• /
• pp.1.1-1.8
• /
• 2018

Objectives: To determine the effect of root canal irrigants on the hydrophobicity and adherence of Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) to root canal dentin in vitro. Materials and Methods: Root dentin blocks (n = 60) were randomly divided into 4 groups based on the irrigation regimen: group 1, saline; group 2, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); group 3, 5.25% NaOCl followed by 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA); group 4, same as group 3 followed by 2% chlorhexidine (CHX). The hydrophobicity of S. epidermidis to root dentin was calculated by cell surface hydrophobicity while the adherence was observed by fluorescence microscopy, and bacteria were quantified using ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health). Statistical analysis of the data was done using Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test (p = 0.05). Results: The hydrophobicity and adherence of S. epidermidis to dentin were significantly increased after irrigating with group 3 (NaOCl-EDTA) (p < 0.05), whereas in group 4 (NaOCl-EDTA-CHX) both hydrophobicity and adherence were significantly reduced (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The adherence of S. epidermidis to dentin was influenced differently by root canal irrigants. Final irrigation with CHX reduces the bacterial adherence and may impact biofilm formation.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제44권1호
• /
• pp.8.1-8.7
• /
• 2019

Objectives: Irrigants are imperative in endodontic therapy for the elimination of pathogens from the infected root canal. The present study compared the antimicrobial efficacy of octenidine dihydrochloride (OCT) with chlorhexidine (CHX) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) against Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) for root canal disinfection. Materials and Methods: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was obtained using serial dilution method. The agar diffusion method was then used to determine the zones of inhibition for each irrigant. Lastly, forty 6-mm dentin blocks were prepared from human mandibular premolars and inoculated with S. epidermidis. Samples were randomly divided into 4 groups of 10 blocks and irrigated for 3 minutes with saline (control), 2% CHX, 3% NaOCl, or 0.1% OCT. Dentin samples were then collected immediately for microbial analysis, including an analysis of colony-forming units (CFUs). Results: The MICs of each tested irrigant were 0.05% for CHX, 0.25% for NaOCl, and 0.0125% for OCT. All tested irrigants showed concentration-dependent increase in zones of inhibition, and 3% NaOCl showed the largest zone of inhibition amongst all tested irrigants (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences among the CFU measurements of 2% CHX, 3% NaOCl, and 0.1% OCT showing complete elimination of S. epidermidis in all samples. Conclusions: This study showed that OCT was comparable to or even more effective than CHX and NaOCl, demonstrating antimicrobial activity at low concentrations against S. epidermidis.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제18권5호
• /
• pp.667-673
• /
• 2017

본 연구는 그라비올라 (Graviola; Annona muricata Linn.) 잎의 항균소재 개발 목적으로 병원성 세균에 대한 항균효과를 검증하기 위해 시행된 실험 연구이다. 그라비올라 잎의 추출 온도를 $60^{\circ}C$, $80^{\circ}C$, $98^{\circ}C$ 달리하여 열수 추출하여 수율 및 추출 조건을 찾았으며 실험 균주 S. epidermidis, S. aureus 및 E. coli TOP 10에 대한 항균 활성은 한천 배지 확산법으로 평가하였다. 추출 온도 $60^{\circ}C$, $80^{\circ}C$, $98^{\circ}C$에서 3.02%, 14.73%, 20.76% 수율을 얻었고, S. epidermidis, S. aureus 및 E. coli TOP 10에 대한 항균 활성은 S. epidermidis에서 항균 활성이 나타났으며 $98^{\circ}C$에서 추출한 그라비올라 잎 시료 중 200 mg/mL에서 13 mm, 500 mg/mL에서 20 mm 투명환이 나타났다. MIC는 100 mg/mL이다. 추출 온도, 농도가 높을수록 우수한 성장억제효과를 확인하였다. 위 결과로 천연물속에 함유되어 있는 천연 항균 성분이 피부 상재균에서 우수한 항균력은 앞으로 피부미용 기초자료와 화장품 소재로서의 활용 가능성이 높을 것으로 사료된다.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.36-40
• /
• 2013

간농양은 선진국과 개발도상국에서 발생빈도에 차이가 있는 질환으로 국내에서는 드물다. 면역결핍, 간, 담도계기형, 천공성 충수염, 외상, 단백질 결핍 등의 선행요인이 있을 때 발생하기 쉬우며 Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus, Bacteroides와 Entamoeba histolytica 등에 의해 유발된다. 저자들은 발열을 주소로 내원한 건강한 12세 남아에서 컴퓨터 단층촬영을 시행하여 간농양을 발견하였으며 경피배액술 흡인물 배양 검사에서 Staphylococcus epidermidis가 검출되어 항생제를 투여하여 합병증 없이 치료하였기에 보고한다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제46권2호
• /
• pp.296-303
• /
• 2022

Background: Skin microbiota is important for maintenance of skin homeostasis; however, its disturbance may cause an increase in pathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, we aimed to develop a red ginseng formulation that can selectively promote beneficial bacteria. Methods: The effects of red ginseng formulation on microorganism growth were analyzed by comparing the growth rates of Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, and Cutibacterium acnes. Various preservatives mixed with red ginseng formulation were evaluated to determine the ideal composition for selective growth promotion of S. epidermidis. Red ginseng formulation with selected preservative was loaded into a biocompatible polymer mixture and applied to the faces of 20 female subjects in the clinical trial to observe changes in the skin microbiome. Results: Red ginseng formulation promoted the growth of S. aureus and S. epidermidis compared to fructooligosaccharide. When 1,2-hexanediol was applied with red ginseng formulation, only S. epidermidis showed selective growth. The analysis of the release rates of ginsenoside-Rg1 and -Re revealed that the exact content of Pluronic F-127 was around 11%. The application of hydrogel resulted in a decrease in C. acnes in all subjects. In subjects with low levels of S. epidermidis, the distribution of S. epidermidis was significantly increased with the application of hydrogel formulation and total microbial species of subjects decreased by 50% during the clinical trial. Conclusion: We confirmed that red ginseng formulation with 1,2-hexanediol can help maintain skin homeostasis through improvement of skin microbiome.

• 통합자연과학논문집
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.47-57
• /
• 2019

Staphylococcus epidermidis is well-known not only as an innocuous normal flora species commonly isolated from human skin, but also as an important bacterial species to keep skin healthy, because this species can protect the human skin from pathogenic microorganisms. However, S. epidermidis turns into a potential pathogen in damaged skin, because these bacteria can easily form a biofilm on the wound area and provide antimicrobial resistance to other microorganisms embedded in the biofilm. Thus, it is important to kill S. epidermidis in the early stage of wound treatment and block the formation of biofilms in advance. In the present study, hydrogel wound dressings were fabricated using polyvinyl alcohol/polyethylene glycol containing silver citrate nanorods, which have been proven to have strong antimicrobial activity, especially against S. epidermidis, and their wound-healing efficacy was investigated in vivo using a rat experiment.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.71-76
• /
• 2006

Objective : This experimental study was performed to investigate the effect of Coptidis rhizoma extract on Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis that induce keratitis. Methods : MIC was measured by flowing to $50{\mu}l$ according to density Coptidis rhizoma extract(100%, 10%, 1%, 0.1%). Anti-bacterial potency was measured by the size of inhibition zone with change of volume. Results : 1. MIC on Staphylococcus aureus in Coptidis rhizoma extract was 100%, $50{\mu}l$ and anti-bacterial potency increase compare with quantity. 2. MIC on Staphylococcus epidermidis in Coptidis rhizoma extract was 100% & 10%, $50{\mu}l$ and anti-bacterial potency increase compare with quantity. Conclusions : The Present author think that Coptidis rhizoma extract must be made a new eye drops.

• 대한약침학회지
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.99-103
• /
• 2006

Objective : This experimental study was performed to investigate the effect of Hwangryunhaedoktang Herbal-acupuncture & extract on Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis that induce keratitis. Methods : MIC was measured by dropping to $50{\beta}^{\circ}$ according to density Hwangryunhaedoktang Herbal-acupuncture & extract(100%, 10%, 1%, 0.1%). Anti-bacterial potency was measured by the size of inhibition zone With change of volume. Results : 1. MIC on Staphylococcus aureus in Hwangryunhaedoktang Herbal-acupuncture & extract were not disappear all sample. 2. MIC on Staphylococcus epidermidis in Hwangryunhaedoktang Herbal-acupuncture & extract were not disappear all sample. Conclusions : The present author think that Hwangryunhaedoktang Herbal-acupuncture must be extract a new method for anti-bacterial potency.