• Title/Summary/Keyword: S-layer

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A Multi-layer Bidirectional Associative Neural Network with Improved Robust Capability for Hardware Implementation (성능개선과 하드웨어구현을 위한 다층구조 양방향연상기억 신경회로망 모델)

  • 정동규;이수영
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
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    • v.31B no.9
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    • pp.159-165
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    • 1994
  • In this paper, we propose a multi-layer associative neural network structure suitable for hardware implementaion with the function of performance refinement and improved robutst capability. Unlike other methods which reduce network complexity by putting restrictions on synaptic weithts, we are imposing a requirement of hidden layer neurons for the function. The proposed network has synaptic weights obtainted by Hebbian rule between adjacent layer's memory patterns such as Kosko's BAM. This network can be extended to arbitary multi-layer network trainable with Genetic algorithm for getting hidden layer memory patterns starting with initial random binary patterns. Learning is done to minimize newly defined network error. The newly defined error is composed of the errors at input, hidden, and output layers. After learning, we have bidirectional recall process for performance improvement of the network with one-shot recall. Experimental results carried out on pattern recognition problems demonstrate its performace according to the parameter which represets relative significance of the hidden layer error over the sum of input and output layer errors, show that the proposed model has much better performance than that of Kosko's bidirectional associative memory (BAM), and show the performance increment due to the bidirectionality in recall process.

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Adhesive improvement of the Polyimide/Buffer layer/Cu at the COF(Chip On Film) (COF(Chip On Film)에서의 Polyimide/Buffer layer/Cu 접착력 향상)

  • 이재원;김상호;이지원;홍순성
    • Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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    • v.3 no.3
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    • pp.11-17
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    • 2004
  • This research has been progressed for adhesive improvement of the Polyimide/Buffer layer/Cu at the COF(Chip On Film) which induced as the alternative plan about high concentration of a circuit or substrates according to demands of miniaturization and high efficiency of various electronic equipment. RF plasma equipment was applied to when plama pretreatment was performed for improvement of adhesive strength of PI and Cr as the buffer layer. Experimental fluents were a species of the buffer layer, depositied time and the ratio of $O_2$/Ar when performed to plasma pretreatment. The results are that Ni was superior to Cr at peel test according to a species of the buffer layer, peel strength and Cu THK were showed proportional relation to deposition structure of the same buffer layer and sample of the Cr depositied time(30 sec) and Cu depositied time(20 min) was showed good adhesion to peel test according to Cr's depositied time and Cu's depositied time. When perform PI's plasma pretreatment peel strength and $O_2$/Ar ratio were showed proportional relation. But $O_2$/Ar(2/5) was best condition since then decreased.

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Characteristic Changes of Layered Techniques in the Hussein Chalayan's Collections (후세인 샬라얀 컬렉션에 나타난 레이어드 기법의 변화 특성 연구)

  • Koo, Mi-Ji
    • Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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    • v.9 no.3
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    • pp.221-230
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    • 2007
  • This research was focused on the changes of layered techniques in Hussein Chalayan's collections. For this purpose, the layered techniques in 134 works from Chalayan's collections, 97S/S to 06S/S, which were obtained from fashion magazines and fashion internet site, were analyzed and classified into 15 groups. Layered techniques in his works apparently expressed his philosophy about deconstruction. Multilayered feeling was given through using various techniques such as one layer clothing which was showed like multi-layered clothing. Others were multi-layer clothing which felt like one layer, breaking the stereotyped line of clothing into atypical construction and using various materials or constructive lines which made the optical feeling like one layer or multi-layer clothing, and so on. These layered techniques in Chalayan's collections were differentiated into several categories, such as techniques which were revealed in every collections, techniques which were differentiated from one another collections, techniques which were continuously showed through three collections for connection with each collection, techniques which were used only for Spring/Summer season, and techniques which were uniquely showed in early collection or recent collections.

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Symmetric SPN block cipher with Bit Slice involution S-box (비트 슬라이스 대합 S-박스에 의한 대칭 SPN 블록 암호)

  • Cho, Gyeong-Yeon;Song, Hong-Bok
    • The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.171-179
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    • 2011
  • Feistel and SPN are the two main structures in a block cipher. Feistel is a symmetric structure which has the same structure in encryption and decryption, but SPN is not a symmetric structure. Encrypt round function and decrypt round function in SPN structure have three parts, round key addition and substitution layer with S-box for confusion and permutation layer for defusion. Most SPN structure for example ARIA and AES uses 8 bit S-Box at substitution layer, which is vulnerable to Square attack, Boomerang attack, Impossible differentials cryptanalysis etc. In this paper, we propose a SPN which has a symmetric structure in encryption and decryption. The whole operations of proposed algorithm are composed of the even numbers of N rounds where the first half of them, 1 to N/2 round, applies a right function and the last half of them, (N+1)/2 to N round, employs an inverse function. And a symmetry layer is located in between the right function layer and the inverse function layer. The symmetric layer is composed with a multiple simple bit slice involution S-Boxes. The bit slice involution S-Box symmetric layer increases difficult to attack cipher by Square attack, Boomerang attack, Impossible differentials cryptanalysis etc. The proposed symmetric SPN block cipher with bit slice involution S-Box is believed to construct a safe and efficient cipher in Smart Card and RFID environments where electronic chips are built in.

Structural and Optical Characteristics of ZnS/CdS Powders and Thin Films (ZnS/CdS 분말과 박막의 구조 및 광학적 특성)

  • Chang, Ki-Seog
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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    • v.13 no.4
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    • pp.659-664
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    • 2010
  • The ZnS/CdS thin films were made using 99.99% ZnS and CdS(Aldrich) powders in $7{\times}10^{-6}torr$. The ZnS layer was coated over the CdS layer on an AlOx membrane within a vacuum, at the average speed of $1{\AA}/sec$. After studying the ZnS/CdS and CdS thin films(both with the dimensions of 2.52nm), using fluorescence spectroscopy and comparing the respective results together, we found that although both of the resulting spectra peaked at 390nm, the ZnS/CdS thin films showed a narrower peak, and a higher intensity of photoluminescence than the CdS thin films. The particles of ZnS/CdS thin films also proved to be more homogeneous in size. In addition, the ZnS layer acted as a protective layer. Also, after studying the spectra of ZnS/CdS thin films taken 30 days after their preparation, we found no signs of aging. These results were verified through the scanning electron microscopy(SEM), EDX analysis, thin film X-ray diffraction, and luminescence spectroscopy.

Cross Layer Optimization for Scalable Video Streaming (효율적인 Scalable Video Streaming을 위한 Cross Layer Optimization)

  • Yoon, Min-Young;Cho, Hee-Young;Suh, Doug-Young
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 2005.10b
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    • pp.352-354
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    • 2005
  • As further Studies on 4th generation mobile telecommunication are progressed, the importance of a Cross-Layer is being increased. However, it has focused on coordination model only between MAC layer and PHY layer. It is necessary to expand into II' layer and upper layers. In this paper, we introduce a Cross-layer optimization which can be used to transmit video data with effect by managing resources among layers. It can gives further more adaptive method to solve QoS model problem than single layer.

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The Properties of Diffraction Efficiency in Polarization Holography using the Ag and MgF2/AsGeSeS Multi-layer (Ag 및 MgF2/AsGeSeS 다층박막에서의 편광 홀로그래피 회절효율 특성)

  • 나선웅;여철호;정홍배;김종빈
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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    • v.15 no.12
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    • pp.1070-1074
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    • 2002
  • We have carried out two-beam interference experiments to form holographic gratings on As$_{40}$ Se$_{15}$ S$_{35}$Ge$_{10}$ single layer, Ag/As$_{40}$ Se$_{15}$ S$_{35}$Ge$_{10}$ multi-layer. In this study, holographic gratings have been formed using He-Ne laser(632.8nm) under different polarization combinations(intensity polarization holography, phase polarization holography). The diffraction efficiency was obtained by the +lst order intensity. The maximum diffraction efficiency of As$_{40}$ Se$_{15}$ S$_{35}$Ge$_{10}$ single layer, As$_{40}$ Se$_{15}$ S$_{35}$Ge$_{10}$ and MgF$_2$/As$_{40}$ Se$_{15}$ S$_{35}$Ge$_{10}$ multi-layer were 0.8%, 1.4% and 3.1% under intensity polarization holography, respectively.

Annealing and In Interlayer Effects on the Photovoltaic Properties of CBD-In2S3/CIGS Solar Cells (열처리와 In 중간층 적용에 의한 CBD-In2S3/CIGS 태양전지의 특성 향상)

  • Kim, Hee-Seop;Kim, Ji-Hye;Shin, Dong-Hyeop;Ahn, Byung-Tae
    • Korean Journal of Materials Research
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    • v.21 no.8
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    • pp.432-438
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    • 2011
  • In this study, chemical bath deposited (CBD) indium sulfide buffer layers were investigated as a possible substitution for the cadmium sulfide buffer layer in CIGS thin film solar cells. The performance of the $In_2S_3$/CIGS solar cell dramatically improved when the films were annealed at $300^{\circ}C$ in inert gas after the buffer layer was grown on the CIGS film. The thickness of the indium sulfide buffer layer was 80 nm, but decreased to 60 nm after annealing. From the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy it was found that the chemical composition of the layer changed to indium oxide and indium sulfide from the as-deposited indium hydroxide and sulfate states. Furthermore, the overall atomic concentration of the oxygen in the buffer layer decreased because deoxidation occurred during annealing. In addition, an In-thin layer was inserted between the indium sulfide buffer and CIGS in order to modify the $In_2S_3$/CIGS interface. The $In_2S_3$/CIGS solar cell with the In interlayer showed improved photovoltaic properties in the $J_{sc}$ and FF values. Furthermore, the $In_2S_3$/CIGS solar cells showed higher quantum efficiency in the short wavelength region. However, the quantum efficiency in the long wavelength region was still poor due to the thick buffer layer.

Phylogenetic characterization of bacterial populations in different layers of oak forest soil (상수리나무림의 토양 층위별 세균군집의 계통학적 특성)

  • Han, Song-Ih
    • Korean Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.51 no.2
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    • pp.133-140
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    • 2015
  • We have examined the correlation between the physicochemical and microbiological environment variables for the different layers of oak forest soil in Mt. Gyeryong, Korea. The result shows that there is a high correlation in the environment variables between the soil parameters of the fermented (F) layer and humus (H) layer. In particular, the pH level in the F layer shows a high correlation with C and N, while the various organic acids of the H layer turns out to be closely correlated with soil bacteria density. As we evaluated phylogenetic characteristics of bacterial populations by DGGE analysis with DNA extracted. Total of 175 bands including 43 bands from litter (L) layer, 42 bands from F layer, 43 bands from H layer and 47 bands from rhizosphere (A) layer were selected as the major DGGE band of oak forest soil. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences, 175 DGGE bands were classified into 32 orders in 7 phylum. The heat map was analyzed in order to compare the quantity of the base sequences of each order and based on the clustering of the different layers of oak forest soil, the result confirms that the F layer and H layer belong to a different cluster from that of L layer and A layer. Furthermore, it also showed that approximately 50% of the total microbial population in different layers is ${\alpha}$-proteobacteria, which indicates that they belong to the dominant system group. In particular, Rhizobiales, Burkholderiales and Actinobacteriales were observed in all the seasons and layers of oak forest soil, which confirms that they are the indigenous soil bacterial community in oak forest soil.

A Seismic Refraction Study on the Basement near the Chonbuk Ranch in Gyeongju (탄성파 굴절법을 이용한 경주시 천북목장 부근의 기반암 분포 연구)

  • Lee, Kwang-Ja;Kim, Ki-Young
    • Journal of the Korean Geophysical Society
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    • v.3 no.4
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    • pp.215-226
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    • 2000
  • In order to map the acoustic basement and to locate fracture zones in the Galgok fault, seismic refraction data were acquired near the Chonbuk ranch in Gyeongju. Along three profiles of 72m(Line 1), 72m(Line 2), and 36m(Line 3) long, seismic signals were generated by a 5kg hammer. The refraction data were collected by employing twelve 8 Hz geophones at an interval of 3m and recording time of 192ms at a sampling rate of 0.2ms. The data are interpreted using GRM method. The top layer (Layer 1) is characterized as the velocity of approximately250 m/s and thickness of approximately 2.1m. This layer is regarded as a soil layer. Underneath Layer 1 lies unconsolidated layer (Layer 2) whose refraction velocity is determined to be $1,030{\sim}1,400m/s$. Layer 2 is approximately 4.6m thick and is regarded as a Quaternary gravel layer. The third layer (Layer 3) has the mean refraction velocity of $2,100{\sim}2,200m/s$ and is interpreted to be the acoustic basement. In some parts of Lines 1 and 3, the difference in depth to the top of Layer 2 is greater than 20 cm indicating the possibility of existence of Quaternary faults. Along Line 3 and the eastern part of Line 1, refracted energy from the acoustic basement was not recorded. This may highly indicate that a relatively large scale fault exists under the western part of Line 1.

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