• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.179-188
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• 2002

A study to analyze and solve problems of multi wire installation duct experiment has presented in this paper. We have taken Taguchi's parameter design approach, specifically orthogonal array, and determined the optimal levels of the selected variables through analysis of the experimental results using S/N ratio.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.425-441
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• 2009

The cube-accumulation is a new theme included in the 7th elementary mathematics curriculum for improving children's spatial ability. One activity of the cube-accumulation is to recognize the configuration of accumulated cube given three plane figures in the directions of the above, the front and the side, respectively. The approach to this activity presented in the mathematics textbook is more or less intuitive and constructive, and difficult to some children. So we suggest an alternative, more analytic method, 'elimination method', that is eliminating unnecessary parts from $n{\times}n{\times}n$ whole cubes. This method was adopted to the 32 sixth graders, in special five applicants among them. Their responses and activities were analyzed. We confirm that we can teach the cube-accumulation by the elimination method, and some children prefer this method. 13u1 this method requires more exercises to be executed skillfully.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.157-177
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the project approach on the thinking faculty improvement of preschoolers. The subjects in this study were 60 preschoolers who were selected from S kindergarten in Gyeonggi Province. After an experimental group and a control group were organized with 30 preschoolers each, the experimental group engaged in project activities that were based on the project approach, and the control group didn't. As a result of making a comparative analysis, the following findings were given. The preschoolers who participated in the project approach were found to excel over the other preschoolers who didn't participate in perceptual thinking, analytic thinking, synthetical thinking, inferential thinking and thinking faculty. Therefore there should be more consideration to the project approach in the sector of early childhood education, since the activities are effective in improving the thinking faculty of preschoolers.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2014.02a
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• pp.192.2-192.2
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• 2014

Among various dopant candidates, nitrogen (N) atoms are considered as the most effective dopants to improve the diverse properties of graphene. Unfortunately, recent experimental and theoretical studies have revealed that different N-doped graphene (NGR) conformations can result in both p- and n-type characters depending on the bonding nature of N atoms (substitutional, pyridinic, pyrrolic, and nitrilic). To overcome this obstacle in achieving reliable graphene doping, we have carried out density functional theory calculations and explored the feasibility of converting p-type NGRs into n-type by introducing additional dopant candidates atoms (B, C, O, F, Al, Si, P, S, and Cl). Evaluating the relative formation energies of various binary-doped NGRs and the change in their electronic structure, we conclude that B and P atoms are promising candidates to achieve robust n-type NGRs. The origin of such p- to n-type change is analyzed based on the crystal orbital Hamiltonian population analysis. Implications of our findings in the context of electronic and energy device applications will be also discussed.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.321-344
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• 2015

This paper presents a fusion approach to sentiment detection that combines multiple sources of evidence to retrieve blogs that contain opinions on a specific topic. Our approach to finding opinionated blogs on topic consists of first applying traditional information retrieval methods to retrieve blogs on a given topic and then boosting the ranks of opinionated blogs based on the opinion scores computed by multiple sentiment detection methods. Our sentiment detection strategy, whose central idea is to rely on a variety of complementary evidences rather than trying to optimize the utilization of a single source of evidence, includes High Frequency module, which identifies opinions based on the frequency of opinion terms (i.e., terms that occur frequently in opinionated documents), Low Frequency module, which makes use of uncommon/rare terms (e.g., "sooo good") that express strong sentiments, IU Module, which leverages n-grams with IU (I and you) anchor terms (e.g., I believe, You will love), Wilson's lexicon module, which uses a collection-independent opinion lexicon constructed from Wilson's subjectivity terms, and Opinion Acronym module, which utilizes a small set of opinion acronyms (e.g., imho). The results of our study show that combining multiple sources of opinion evidence is an effective method for improving opinion detection performance.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.143-147
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• 1999

Annual production and redistribution of leaf litter were compared among three distinct understory patches in a temperate hardwood forest dominated by Quercus mongolica, Kalopanax pictus, Acer pseudo-sieboldianum, and Carpinus cordata. Two patches were located on a southwest-facing slope: one with an understory dominated by herbaceous plants (Patch S), and the other covered with evergreen dwarf bamboo, Sasa borealis (patch SS). The third patch was on the opposite slope with an understory dominated by herbaceous plants (Patch N). Annual leaf litterfall was averaged 330 g m$^{-2} yr$^{-2}$ in the three patches from 1994 to 1998. From mid-September 1996 to mid-September 1997, net transport of leaf litter over patch bound-aries was 1,824g m$^{-1}$ from Patch S to SS, 1,465g m$^{-1}$ from Patch S to N, and 886 g m$^{-1}$ from Patch SS to N. The amounts moving downslope out of Patch S, SS, and N were 2,548, 471, and 588g m$^{-1}$, respectively. When a mass balance approach was employed for the data of leaf litter transport, the results were relatively consistent with 216, 631, and 724g m$^{-2}$ of leaf litter stores in Patch S, SS, and N, respectively, in April 1997. This study suggests that leaf litter redistribution is largely regulated by aspect and understory type and exerts a significant effect on carbon processes in the forest ecosystem.

• Bulletin of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.43-58
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• 1975

There are many reports on fatigue crack of metallic materials but most of them relate crack propagation rate to stress intensity factor. The problem of crack propagation is not yet clarified, especially the bridge between micro and macro phenomena In this experiment rotating bending fatigue tests have been carried out with smoothed specimen of rolled steel plates including 0.2% carbon under application of three stress conditions to investigate the slip band and the crack propagation behaviour. The results obtained are as follows; 1) The length of cracks which have grown at initial crack tips can be expressed as follows; $l=Ae^{BNr}$(A,B: constant, $N_r$: cycle ratio) $\frac{dl}{dN}=\frac{AB}{N_f}{\cdot}e^{BNr}$($N_f$:fatigue life) 2) The ratio of slipped grain number to total grain number is $S_f=7{\sigma}-5.6$-5.6{\sigma}_c$($\sigma$: stress amplitude) (${\sigma}_c$: fatigue limit) 3) When the fatigue process transfers from Stage I to Stage II, the crack which propagates into specimen changes its direction from that of the maximum shear stress to the direction of perpendicular to principal stress and this is same in the circumferential direction of specimen. the crack propagation behaviors of both sides of a crack are different each other when they approach to the grain boundary.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.391-397
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• 2011

Purpose: The injection of various materials, including medical fillers and unregulated products, is widespread, potentially causing the development of foreign body granulomas. Should this occur on the nose, the contour deformity and inflammatory signs that result from these granulomas are aesthetically undesirable to patients. The purpose of our study is to share our experiences using different surgical approaches, depending on the affected portion of the nose, to optimize management of this challenging problem and to evaluate patient's satisfaction using our in-house questionnaire along with degree of improvement by two independent plastic surgeons. Methods: We treated 18 patients who underwent surgical excision of nasal foreign body granulomas via a perilesional approach to the lesion (n=12) or by transcolumellar incision (n=6) at our hospital over a period of seven years from March 2003 to October 2010. Nonparametric statistics were used and are presented as medians (25th-75th). Patient satisfaction was evaluated on a scale of 1 to 5 using an in-house questionnaire. All pre-and post-operative photographs were analyzed by two independent plastic surgeons. Post-operative outcomes were evaluated based on the surgeons' consensus ratings. Results: All patients receiving the transcolumellar approach reported a high level of satisfaction with the results. All but two patients who received the perilesional approach were satisfied with the outcome. No outcomes were rated as no change or worse by the consensus ratings. Conclusion: For the upper two-thirds of the nose, perilesional surgical excision can lead to substantial patient satisfaction with modified contour deformity and infection control. The transcolumellar approach resulted in better outcomes and patient satisfaction for the lower one-third of the nose.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1692-1705
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• 2024

In this paper, we present a method that integrates a Grammar Transducer as an external language model to enhance the accuracy of the pre-trained Korean End-to-end (E2E) Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) model. The E2E ASR model utilizes the Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC) loss function to derive hypothesis sentences from input audio. However, this method reveals a limitation inherent in the CTC approach, as it fails to capture language information from transcript data directly. To overcome this limitation, we propose a fusion approach that combines a clause-level n-gram language model, transformed into a Weighted Finite-State Transducer (WFST), with the E2E ASR model. This approach enhances the model's accuracy and allows for domain adaptation using just additional text data, avoiding the need for further intensive training of the extensive pre-trained ASR model. This is particularly advantageous for Korean, characterized as a low-resource language, which confronts a significant challenge due to limited resources of speech data and available ASR models. Initially, we validate the efficacy of training the n-gram model at the clause-level by contrasting its inference accuracy with that of the E2E ASR model when merged with language models trained on smaller lexical units. We then demonstrate that our approach achieves enhanced domain adaptation accuracy compared to Shallow Fusion, a previously devised method for merging an external language model with an E2E ASR model without necessitating additional training.

• Proceedings of the Polymer Society of Korea Conference
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• 2006.10a
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• pp.334-334
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• 2006

Helical polymers like polyisocyanates with single screw sense are essential to exhibit sophisticated functions like molecular recognition, self-replication, chirality memory and catalytic activity. One approach that has not been explored is the effect on handedness of the polyisocyanates through end-capping with a chiral residue. Induction of chirality in poly(n-hexyl isocyanate) was studied by end-capping with chiral (R and S) 2-bromo-3-methylbutyryl chloride(R-BMBC and S-BMBC). We have shown that a control over living anionic polymerization of HIC by using a suitable initiator affords an opportunity to introduce chiral end-groups with 100% yield and in high purity. This has resulted in helicity induction through extended lengths several orders of magnitude.