• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.129-134
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• 2008

Purpose: We examined the roles of Ultrasonography conductors by analyzing the results of tissue biopsy of complex cystic masse under the guidance of breast US. Objects and methods: This study was performed to a group of 178 who showed breast US indicating complex cystic masses among 342 patients who were definitely diagnosed by tissue biopsies and operations in our hospital from June 30th, 2003 to June 30th, 2007. The evaluation of tissues around, calcification, the distribution state of blood flow were excluded from the analysis subjects and logic 200 made by GE corporation and gun for core biopsy(Kimal corp., K7/MBD23) were used in this study. Results: The biopsy results of 178 subjects showed FCC (fibrocystic change)(n=56 : 31.4%), Fibrosis (n=41 : 23.0%), Fibroadenoma (n=20 : 11.2%), Epithelial hyperplasia (n=17 : 9.6%), Carcinoma (n=15 : 8.4%), Fibroadipose (n=8 : 4.5%), Sclerosing adenosis (n=7 : 3.9%), Duct ectasia (n=5 : 2.8%), Papiloma (n=5 : 2.8%), and Fat necrosis (n=1 : 0.6%), Hemangioma (n=1 : 0.6%), Abscess (n=1 : 0.6%), Dystrophic calcification(n=1 : 0.6%). Conclusion: The US showed that the results of the tissue biopsy of complex cystic masses were mostly carcinoma(8.4%). Most of them were benign and only 9.6% of epithelial hyperplasia which has high progression rate into malignant tumors epidemically showed malignancy. Most of them were included in the spectrum of fibrous cystic nodule. Even though these results are confirmed, further studies are required. As a result, a nodule which is not certified by US should be right to take the tissue biopsy, but if it's difficult due to patients or another reasons, re-check tests in three months are required. And systemic ultrasonography evaluation should be well recognized to conduct more careful and specific tests.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 1978

Three Pinus densiflora populations as shown in location map (Fig. 1) were studied in 1977. These succeed the population numbers 10, 11 and 12 after the preceeding populations. Following the previous study methods, 20 trees were chosen from each population and the morphological characteristics such as tree forms, branching habit, needle and wood properties were investigated. The results are summerized as follows; 1. The mean stand ages were ranged from 40 to 45. The growth performances of trees of population 10 and 11 was similar, but 12 seemed to be inferior more or less. 2. The ratios of clear bole length was 0.53 in population 12 as the highest but 0.43 for population 10 as the lowest. 3. The population 12 was considered to be a stand of the coarser branching habit having the crown index (The maximum crown diameter/the crown length) 1.65 though the mean branching angle indicates almost horizontal. 4. The differences were observed in the clear bole length ratios and crown-indices between populations as shown in Fig. 3 and 4. 5. No inter-population differences in serration density of needle was shown but significant inter and intra-population and individual differences (within population) in number of stomata rows and resin duct. 6. Population 12 shown 0.119 of resin duct index as the maximum. 7. The pattern of diameter growth, analyses based on the width of 10-year-ring segment unit (for example, the 1st segment denotes the width between pith center and 10th year ring and the 2nd one is from 11th to 20th year ring and so on.), was alike among populations as shown in Fig. 9. 8. No significant differences between population in mean summer wood percentages as well as in wood specific gravity was observed. The values of wood specific gravity were increased with the increase of ages in population 10 and 11 however vice versa in population 12. 9. The fiber length was increased with the increase of age but no differences between populations as shown in Fig. 12.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2011

NO oxidation is an important prerequisite step to assist the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) at low temperatures ($<200^{\circ}C$). Therefore, we conducted the lab- and bench-scales experiments appling the sodium chlorite powder ($NaClO_2(s)$) for the oxidation of NO to $NO_2$ and the carbon-based catalyst for the reduction of $NO_x$ and $SO_2$; the lab- and bench-scales experiments were conducted in laboratory and iron-ore sintering plant, respectively. In the lab-scale experiment, known concentrations of $NO_x$ (200 ppm), $SO_2$ (75 ppm), $H_2O$ (10%) and $NH_3$ (400 ppm) in 2.6 L/min were introduced into a packed-bed reactor containing $NaClO_2(s)$, then gases produced by the reaction with $NaClO_2(s)$ were fed into the carbon-based catalyst (space velocity = $2,000hr^{-1}$) at $130^{\circ}C$. In the bench-scale experiment, flue gases of $50Nm^3/hr$ containing 120 ppm NO and 150 ppm $SO_2$ were taken out from the duct of iron-ore sintering plant, then introduced into the flow reactor; $NaClO_2(s)$ were injected into the flow reactor using a screw feeder. Gases produced by the reaction with $NaClO_2(s)$ were introduced into the carbon-based catalyst (space velocity = $1,000hr^{-1}$). Results have shown that, in both lab- and bench-scales experiments, NO was oxidized to $NO_2$ by $NaClO_2(s)$. In addition, above 90% of $NO_x$ and $SO_2$ removal were obtained at the carbon-based catalyst. These results lead us to suggest that the combination of $NaClO_2(s)$ with the carbon-based catalyst has the potential to achieve the simultaneous removal of $NO_x$ and $SO_2$ at low temperature ($<200^{\circ}C$).

• Toxicological Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.141-150
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• 2005

1,3-Dichloro-2-propanol (1,3-DCP) is known as chloride chemicals and causes severe hepatotoxic agent. The Ito cells and Kupffer's cells of the liver in the 5 old F344 Rats were exposed to 1,3-DCP gas chamber for 6 hours/ a day, 5 days/ a week, and 13 weeks, in the 0, 5, 20, 80 ppm, respectively. After then the body weights, liver weights, and relative liver weight to body weight were measured, and the hepatic tissues were prepared by the routine and Immunostain method, and observed by the LM, and EM. In the results, there were severe body weight decrease (p<0.05) in the 80 ppm of the male and female rats. The relative liver weights to the body weight were increased relate with exposed 1,3-DCP concentration (P<0.001). Inflammatory cells, infiltration was observed at the perivascular area in the 20 ppm exposed group, and bilirubin pigment infiltration, bile duct hyperplasia, inflammation hepatocytic necrosis, fibrosis were observed in the 80 ppm exposure group. In the 80 ppm exposure group, disarrangement of the endothelial cells, erythrocytes and hepatic cell fragment in the Disse space and numerous migration macrophages were observed in the necrotic area by EM observation. In the immunostained hepatic tissues positive stained ED1 cells were extremely increased (P<0.05) in central vein area, but ED2 was weakly positive immunostained in the 80 ppm exposed group. Immunostained desmin was observed in the Ito cell. It was no difference in the low and medium exposed group but it was typical increase in the necrotic area. In conclusion, These results suggest that NOAEL of 1,3-DCP may be 5 ppm in rats and the Immunostained of desmin, ED1 and ED2 positive cells activated in the inflammatory liver were related to the exposure volume and density. The increase of the Ito cells were related to the severe phagocytosis of the Kupffer's cells.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.45-48
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• 1974

It was planned to investigate, in mice that received ACTH, the influence of Panax Ginseng upon DNA synthesis of submandibular gland by observing incorporation of $[^3H]$ thymidine into the tissue cells. Thirty male mice $(body\;weight:\;18{\sim}20\;g)$ were divided equally into the ginseng-ACTIH and the saline-ACTH groups. Each animal of the ginseng-ACTH and the saline-ACTH groups received every day (subcutaneously) 0.05 m1/10 g body weight of ginseng extract(4 mg of ginseng alcohol extract in 1 ml of saline) and the same amount of saline, respectively, for 5 days. On the 5th experimental day, all animals received 0.01 unit of ACTH intraperitoneally one hour after the last medication, and $1\;{\mu}Ci/g$ body weight of $[^3H]$ thymidine after one more hour. Five animals, at a time, of each group were sacrificed 1, 10, and 24 hr after $[^3H]$ thymidine administration, and the radioactivity of cells in their mandibular gland was measured autoradiographically in terms of the % number of radioactive cells in 1,000 cell counts (Radioactive Index, R.1.). Results obtained were as follows: 1. The radioactive indices obtained from submandibular gland of the saline-ACTH group 1, 10 and 24 hr after $[^3H]$ thymidine administration were $15.2{\pm}0.32,\;20.1{\pm}0.30,\;and\;24.5{\pm}0.52(mean{\pm}S.D.)$ in the mucous cells, $13.0{\pm}0.22,\;10.2{\pm}0.05,\;and\;7.5{\pm}0.42$ in the serous cells. and $10.5{\pm}0.40,\;13.6{\pm}0.32,\;and\;15.9{\pm}0.42$ in the duct cells, while the $mean{\pm}S.D.$ of the values obtained from the 3 cell types 1, 10 and 24 hr after $[^3H]$ thymidine were $10.9{\pm}0.28,\;12.4{\pm}0.31,\;and\;10.0{\pm}0.39.$ Thus the radioactive indices obtained from the ginseng-ACTH group were generally lower than those obtained from the saline-ACTH group. It is inferred from the above results that the ginseng tends to promote the suppressive action of ACTH upon DNA synthesis of cells in the mandibular gland.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.215-220
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• 2008

Sex differentiation process of the spotted Black Bullhead, Pseudobagrus koreanus, was investigated using fish samples of different age after hatching. The primordial germ cells appeared separately under air bladder in 1-day larva (total length: $6.63{\sim}6.95\;mm$). The primordial gonad with a genital ridge developed in 5-day prelarva ($7.50{\sim}9.36\;mm$). The ovarian differentiation started in about 25-day juvenile ($11.58{\sim}13.21\;mm$). The somatic tissues enlongated in the tip of one end of undifferentiated gonad and fused each other. Thus a small ovarian cavity appeared. The testicular differentiation was initiated in 30-day juvenile ($12.19{\sim}13.72\;mm$). The rudiment of sperm duct was appeared in the lower part of the undifferentiated gonad. In 50-day juvenile ($16.28{\sim}17.06\;mm$), the ovary started to fill with peri-nucleolus oocytes, and the spermatogonia started to develop. In 250-day juvenile ($35.49{\sim}51.12\;mm$), the ovary became bigger and filled with oocytes, and the number of spermatogonia started to increase. Considering these results, the spotted Black Bullhead could be a differentiated type in sex differentiation and gonochorism in sexuality.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.195-201
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• 2000

Sex differentiation process of the spotted sea bass, Lateolabrax maculatus, was investigated by histological method. The fish samples were collected from just after hatching to 365 days later. The primordial germ cells and genital ridge were appeared separately hanging under air bladder in 30-day larva (total length: 11.7~13.2 mm), and were unified into the undifferentiated gonads in 40-day larva (12.5~14.0 mm). The ovarian differentiation was started in 60-day juvenile (23.6~27.0 mm). The somatic tissues were elongated in tip of both ends of undifferentiated gonad and were fused each other. The complete ovarian cavity was appeared in 80-days juvenile(33.1~42.5 mm). The testicular differentiation was initiated in 70-day juvenile (24.8~31.6 mm). The rudiment of sperm duct was appeared in the center of the undifferentiated gonad. The meiosis of germ cells in the ovary was started in 168-day juvenile (88.0~115.4 mm). In 287-day juvenile (175.1~233.6 mm), the ovary was filled with both of chromatin stage and perinucleolus stage oocytes. The meiosis of male germ cells was started in 245-day juvenile (124.4~168.3 mm). However, the seminiferous tubules of testis were filled with numerous sperm in 365-day juvenile (162.5~253.8 mm). The sex ratio of male and female was 1:1.38. Considering these results, the spotted sea bass was showed differentiated type in sex differentiation and gonochorism in sexuality.

• The Journal of the Korean life insurance medical association
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.218-232
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• 1985

Congenital hereditary disease is in devided into Infantile type and Adult type, Adult type is hidden for many years and keeps normal renal function till middle age. Cyst is stimultaneously made in both sides and becomes lowered in renal function in 30's to 40's. Infantile type is generally born with the big kidneys, renal failure, undergrowth of intrahepatic bile duct. Both infantile and childhood type have ureteral dilatation and portal hypertension In infantile type, it is mostly developed into renal failure, but generally faces death as a result of hepatic disease. The reason of death is that an abnormal condition of recessive autosome affects the liver and kidneys. While the incidence of infantile type is rare as $0.017{\sim}0.07%$ and it is autosomal recessive heredity, Adult type can rarely exist in infantile period. Though it exists in middle period, 50% of patients can live for 2-4 years after the first symptom incidence and 25% can less than 2 years. It is hard to cure completely in medicine and surgery. Three difficulties in familial incidence are comparative decrease of the donor who have no affection on renal transplantation. For another consideration it is to show the family history for several generations. We, the Med. Dept. of Dae Han Kyouk Life Insurance Co. Ltd., used the ultrasonic apparatus in diagnosing the one case of adult type bilateral polycystic kidney and then doubted the family history. As a result of inspecting the family we experienced bilateral polycystic kidney from 3 persons out of 4 who can be inspected. The results are as follows: 1) We could confirm the polycystic kidney from 3 persons out of 4(75%). 2) Then when they came for check up, chief complaint was the pain in all 3 cases(100%). 3) Accompanying disease was hypertension in 2 cases(67%). 4) In early disease incidence, we couldn't observe the specific change in pathological opinion. 5) All 3 cases are not accompanied with cystic lesion in liver, spleen, pancreas.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.1005-1012
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• 2011

This research carried out a 3-dimensional simulation using computerized fluid dynamics (CFD) for the flow characteristics, temperature distribution, velocity distribution and residence time, etc. in a reactor in order to derive the optimal combustion conditions of an innovative combustion system. The area-weighted average temperature of the outlet of a furnace during combustion at a condition of fuel input rate 1.5 ton/hr, residence time 1.25 sec and air/fuel ratio 2.1 was $1,077^{\circ}C$, which is a suitable temperature for energy recovery and treatment of air pollutants. Exhaust gas is discharged through a duct at a 40~50 m/s maximum speed along strong vortexes at the center of a combustion chamber, so strong turbulence is created at the center of a combustion chamber to enhance the combustion speed and combustion efficiency. In this system, the optimum operation conditions to prevent incomplete combustion and suppress the formation of thermal NOx were air/fuel ratio 1.9~2.1 and fuel input rate 1.25~1.5 ton/hr.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.167-172
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• 2005

Sex reversal to a functional male of sevenband grouper $(41.0{\pm}1.3cm\;TL,\;1.4{\pm}0.1kg\;BW)$ was induced by $17{\alpha}-methyltestosterone\;(MT,\;0.5\sim2.0mg/kg\;BW)$ implantation from March 17 to May 12,2002. Gonad of control group was composed of genial cells and peri-nucleolus oocyte during the experimental period. Gonad of fish treated with 0.5 mg MT/kg BW had peri-nucleolus oocytes, spermatogonia, spermatids and spermatozoa at the late stages of spermatogenesis, while the fish group treated with 1.0 and 2.0 mg MT/kg BW contained spermatoza in the efferent duct. Sperm were obtained from the experimental groups treated with a dose of $1.0{\sim}2.0mg$ MT/kg BW. In the MT treated groups, testosterone and 11-ketotestosterone levels were higher than those in the control group during the $2{\sim}6$ weeks of the experimental period (P<0.05). $Estradiol-17{\beta}$ was detected from fish in the experimental fish.