• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.373-379
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• 2002

This paper was the design of aerosol generator for inhalation toxicology study of lead and evaluation with real time monitoring, and applied several engineering methodology to classical aerosol generator to cope with it's disadvantages. According to the testing conditions, source temperature 50℃ and inlet-duct band heater temperature 150℃, aerosol generation results for sodium chloride and lead acetate were as followings: CPM(Count Per Minute) for Sodium chloride that used for the testing material in aerosol generation and inhalation system was decreased in the 2nd and the 3rd hour's serial trials, but CVs(coefficient of variation) were maintained within 10%. CPMs for 5 and 2.5 gram of lead acetate that used for aerosol generation and inhalation exposure of lead showed similar results because of the sedimentation of lead acetate on piezoelectric crystal with time. For that reason, heating and mixing of nebulizing solution will be needed to generate lead aerosol with stable profile and maximum generation efficiency. Fluctuations of 10 and 5 gram lead acetate were low but 2.5gram was high. However, CVs for 10, 5, and 2.5gram lead acetate were within 10%. Considering the theoretical efficiencies for sodium chloride and lead acetate, 5gram sodium chloride and 2.5gram lead acetate were appropriate choice. Aerosol generation characteristics for two materials with 1 hour interval were different with respect to the fluctuation of CPM and the decrease to 10gram in it's material. For that reason, sodium chloride can not be used to estimate the aerosol generation and it's related parts for lead acetate. According to the testing conditions, source temperature 20, 50, 70℃, and inlet-duct band heater temperature 20, 50, 100, 150, 200℃, aerosol generation results for sodium chloride and lead acetate were as followings: Excluding inlet-duct band temperature 200℃, maximum CPM for sodium chloride was manifested in source temperature 70℃ with each inlet-duct band temperature conditions. We suggest that this condition was the optimum in the design of aerosol generator, inhalation system, and the testing. Maximum CPMs for 10, 5, and 2.5gram sodium chloride were from source temperature 70℃ and inlet-duct band temperature 20℃. Excluding inlet-duct band temperature 50, 200℃, maximum CPMs for lead acetate were indicated in source temperature 50℃ with each inlet-duct band temperature conditions. We suggest that this condition was the optimum in the design of aerosol generator, inhalation system, and the testing for lead inhalation study. Source and inlet-duct band temperatures for 10, 5, 2.5gram lead acetate were 50 and 100℃, 50 and 100℃, 50 and 150℃, respectively. In conclusion, considering above 2 paragraphs of results for aerosol generation, 5gram efficiencies for sodium chloride, lead acetate were higher than 2.5gram's. If inlet-duct band temperature was same, aerosol generation was increased with increase of source temperature. To get maximum aerosol generation will be the conditions that set the appropriate inlet-duel band temperature for each materials and increase the source temperature.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제59권3호
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• pp.217-231
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• 2020

2019년에 서남해안 지역인 고창군의 옥수수 밭 주변에서 성페로몬을 이용하여 열대거세미나방(Spodoptera frugiperda) 성충을 효과적으로 모니터링하는 방법을 조사하였다. 총 함량이 300 또는 1000 ㎍인 2종류 성분 조성의 성페로몬 미끼[(100%) (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate and (2%) (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate]를 설치한 깔대기형 트랩과 델타형 트랩 중에서 열대거세미나방은 300 ㎍ 미끼의 깔대기형 트랩에서 8월 6일에 처음 잡혔고 가장 많이 포획되었다. 또한 깔대기형 트랩 모두에서 비표적 종인 뒷흰가는줄무늬밤나방(Mythimna loreyi)이 많이 포획되었다. 총 함량이 1000 ㎍인 위의 2종류 성분 조성과 4종류 성분 조성의 미끼[(100%) (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate, (8%) (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate, (2%) (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate, and (1%) (Z)-9-dodecenyl acetate]를 설치한 날개형 트랩에서 열대거세미나방은 비슷한 수준의 낮은 포획수를 보였으나 뒷흰가는줄무늬밤나방은 4종류 성분 조성의 미끼에서 훨씬 더 많이 포획되었다. 성페로몬 트랩에 포획된 열대거세미나방 70마리의 미토콘드리아 시토크롬 옥시다제 1(CO1)의 부분염기서열(1,004 bp)을 이용하여 계통수를 분석한 결과, 두 개의 종내 변이군으로 나눠졌으며 66마리가 CO1-RS로, 나머지 4마리는 CO1-CS로 분지되었다. 또한 두 개의 CO1 변이군과 기주식물계통(벼, 옥수수)에서 일관되게 차이가 있는 총 12개의 CO1 단일염기다형성(SNP)이 확인되었으며, 전체 73마리 중 4마리만 CO1-CS 그룹(옥수수계통 포함)과 동일한 패턴을 보였으며 나머지 69마리는 CO1-RS그룹(벼계통 포함)과 같았다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제37권8호
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• pp.655-661
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• 2004

This study was performed to investigate the antimicrobial effect of the Pulsatilla koreana extracts against food-borne pathogens. First, the Pulsatilla koreana was extracted with methanol at room temperatures, and fractionation of the methanol extracts from Pulsatilla koreana was carried out by using petroleum ether, chloroform, and ethyl acetate, and methanol respectively. The antimicrobial activity of the Pulsatilla koreana extracts was determined using a paper disc method against food-borne pathogens and food spoilage bacteria. The ethyl acetate extracts of Pulsatilla koreana showed the highest antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enteritidis and Shigella dysenteriae. The Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella dysenteriae were inhibited by petroleum ether and chloroform extracts of Pulsatilla koreana as well as ethyl acetate extracts of Pulsatilla koreana. The synergistic effect has been found in combined extracts of Pulsatilla koreana and Portulaca oleracea as compared to each extracts alone. Finally, the growth inhibition curve was determined using ethyl acetate extracts of Pulsatilla koreana against Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella dysenteriae. The ethyl acetate extract of Pulsatilla koreana showed strong antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus at the concentration of 2,000 ppm. The 2,000 ppm of ethyl acetate extract from Pulsatilla koreana retarded the growth of S. aureus more than 12 hours and Shigella dysenteriae up to 9 hours.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.121-129
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• 2012

Hepatoprotective effects of methanol extract and alisol B 23-acetate of Alisma orientale were studied in acetaminophen (APAP)-treated rats. APAP increased hepatic content of lipid peroxide, which was suppressed by methanol extract and alisol B 23-acetate. The liver of rats treated with APAP had higher P-450, aminopyrine N-demethylase and aniline hydroxylase activities than those of normal control rats. The increases in hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes by the i.p. injection of APAP were significantly alleviated by the administration of methanol extract or alisol B 23-acetate. The injection of APAP also resulted in a substantial reduction of hepatic glutathione content and glutathione S-transferase activity, and the decreases were partially, but significantly, restrained by the oral administration of methanol extract prior to the i.p. injection of APAP. Hepatic activities of glutathione reductase (GR) and ${\gamma}$-glutamylcystein synthetase ${\gamma}$-GCS) were also decreased significantly in APAP-treated rats. The decreases in hepatic GR and ${\gamma}$-GCS activities by APAP injection were improved partially, but significantly, with administration of methanol extract of A. orientale. Treatment with alisol B 23-acetate also improved the hepatic ${\gamma}$-GCS activity significantly, but not GR.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.263-266
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• 2005

A bioassay-guided fractionation of the n-hexane and chloroform extracts of the rhizomes of Alpinia galanga led to the isolation of two active compounds, 1'S-1'-acetoxychavicol acetate (1) and p-coumaryl alcohol $\gamma$-O-methyl ether (2). 1'S-1'-acetoxychavicol acetate (1) exhibited significant cytotoxicity against all human cancer cell lines tested (A549; $IC_{50}$ 8.14, SNU 638; 1.27, HCTl16; 1.77, HT1080; 1.2, HL60; $IC_{50}$ 2.39 ${\mu}g/ml$), whereas p-coumaryl alcohol $\gamma$-O-methyl ether (2) showed selective cytotoxicity against the SNU638 cell ($IC_{50}$ = 1.62${\mu}g/ml$).

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.283-286
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• 2004

The methylene chloride soluble fraction of MeOH extract from the stem bark of Styrax japonica S. et Z. (Styracaceae) showed significant cytotoxicity by SRB method against five human tumor cell lines. Four known pentacyclic triterpenoids, oleanolic aldehyde acetate (1), erythrodiol-3-acetate (2), euphorginol (3), and anhydrosophoradiol -3-acetate (4) were isolated by activity-guided fractionation. Their structures were determined by chemical and spectral analysis. Compounds 1-4 were isolated from S. japonica for the first time.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.928-935
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• 2000

오미자 종자의 몇가지 용매 추출물과 분획물의 항산화성, 항균성, 아질산염 소거능에 대하여 확인한 결과 다음과 같다. 돈지와 linoleic acid에 대한 항산화력은 오미자종자의 methanol 추출물이, 대두유는 ethanol 추출물이 가장 효과적이었으며 free radical 소거 활성은 methanol추출물의 ethyl acetate 분획에서 DPPH free radical 소거 활성이 가장 컸다. 오미자 종자 추출 용매별 항균 효과는 L. planterum, B. subtilis, E. coli, P. citrinium는 methanol 추출물이, S. aureus와 S. typhimurium은 ethyl acetate 추출물의 항균 활성이 가장 컸다. 전반적으로 항균 활성이 큰 methanol 추출물을 분획하여 항균력을 검토한 바, buthanol 분획물이 L. planterum, B. subtilis, S. aureus, S. typhimurium 및 E. coli에서 항균 활성이 가장 강하였다. 아질산염 소거 효과는 반응 pH가 낮을수록 우수했으며 methanol 추출물의 buthanol 분획이 다른 추출물과 분획물 중에서 가장 높은 아질산염 분해능을 나타내었다.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.735-741
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• 2015

Objectives: Lentinus edodes is an edible mushroom with a variety of beneficial effects such as antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immune-modulatory activity. This study was carried out to evaluate the antimicrobial activities of Lentinus edodes extracts against oral-related bacteria. Methods: The antimicrobial activities of this extracts were investigated against S. anginosus, S. sobrinus, S. aureus, S. mutans, S. ratti, S. sanguinis, A. viscosus, A. naeslundii, and A. actinomycetemcomitans by the disc diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and growth inhibition. Results: Ethanol extracts had no antimicrobial activities, but acetone extracts showed antimicrobial activities against A. viscosus and A. actinomycetemcomitans and ethyl acetate extracts had effects against S. aureus, S. sanguinis, A. viscosus, and A. actinomycetemcomitans. Conclusions: The inhibitory effect of Lentinus edodes extracts was investigated on the growth of A. viscosus. Ethyl acetate and acetone extracts showed 90% and 77% inhibitory effect, respectively, against A. viscosus for 24 hrs. Ethyl acetate extracts had MIC of 25.0 mg/ml and acetone extracts showed MIC of >25.0 mg/ml.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.638-643
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• 1998

찹쌀 및 보리쌀을 원료로 주모를 첨가하여 담금한 발효과정 중의 탁주술덧을 고체상 추출법으로 추출 농축한 후 극성 column을 사용하여 GC 및 GC-MS로 휘발성 향기성분을 분석, 동정한 결과는 다음과 같다. 찹쌀 및 보리쌀 탁주술덧에서 alcohol 10종, ester 9종, acid 2종, aldehyde 7종 등 28종의 향기성분이 동정되었다. 향기성분 수는 담금 직후에 $13{\sim}14$종이었으나 발효 16일에 $27{\sim}28$종으로 증가되었고 찹쌀 탁주는 보리쌀 탁주 술덧보다 향기성분이 다소 많았다. 찹쌀 및 보리쌀 탁주 술덧에서 ethyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol, iso-amyl alcohol, n-hexyl alcohol, hexenyl alcohol, 2-phenylethyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, ethyl succinate, 2-phenylethyl acetate, butyic acid, benzaldehyde, 3-methoxybenzaldehyde의 12종은 발효 전 과정을 통하여 공통으로 검출되었다. 그러나 ethyl propionate, iso-amyl acetate, ethyl caprylate, ethylphenyl acetate 및 acetaldehyde 등 5종의 aldehyde는 발효 16일에서만 검출되었다. 향기성분의 면적비율(peak area %)은 시험구와 발효기간에 따라 차이가 있으나 ethyl alcohol, iso-amyl alcohol, 2-phenylethyl alcohol, 2-phenylethyl acetate, hexenyl alcohol, iso-butyl alcohol이 찹쌀 및 보리쌀 탁주술덧에서 공통으로 높아 탁주술덧의 주 휘발성 향기성분으로 추측된다. 이들 성분 외에 ethyl acetate, benzaldehyde는 찹쌀 탁주에서, hexenyl alcohol은 보리쌀 탁주 술덧에서만 높았다. 찹쌀 탁주 술덧에서 발효 16일에 ethyl acetate의 면적비율이 ethyl alcohol보다 다소 높아 보리쌀 탁주술덧과 다른 특색을 보였다.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.109-114
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• 2013

$Cu_2ZnSnS_4$ (CZTS) nanoparticles were synthesized by a solvothermal method using copper (II) acetate, zinc acetate, tin chloride, and sulfur in diethylenetriamine solvent. Binary sulfide particles such as CuS, ZnS, SnS, and $SnS_2$ were obtained at $180^{\circ}C$; single-phase CZTS nanoparticles were obtained at $280^{\circ}C$. CZTS nanoparticles with spherical shape and grain size of 40 to 60 nm were obtained at $280^{\circ}C$. In the middle of 180 and $280^{\circ}C$, CZTS and ZnS phases were found. The time variation of reaction at $280^{\circ}C$ revealed that an amorphous state formed first instead of binary phases and then the amorphous phase was converted to crystalline CZTS state; it is different reaction path way from conventional solid-state reaction path of which binary phases react to form CZTS. CZTS films deposited and annealed from single-phase nanoparticles showed porous microstructure and poor adhesion. This indicates that a combination of CZTS and other flux phase is necessary to have a dense film for device fabrication.