• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.366-372
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• 2001

Volatile flavor components in the mash of Takjus prepared by using Aspergillus oryzae nuruk were identified by using Gas Chromatography and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Twenty-four esters, 21 alcohols, 10 acids, 9 aldehydes and 4 others were found in the mash of Takju. Thirty six components including 13 esters and 12 alcohols were detected in the beginning of fermentation. Twenty nine components were more detected after second day of fermentation and 68 components were detected after 12 days of fermentation. Thirty five flavor components including 12 alcohols such as ethanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol and benzeneethanol, 13 esters such as ethyl acetate, ethyl caprylate, ethyl butyrate and isoamyl acetate, 4 aldehydes and 6 acids were usually detected in the fermentation process. Ethanol was predominantly found in the range of $79.86{\sim}89.54%$ as a major component by using relative peak area. 3-Methyl-1-butanol, ethyl caprylate and benzeneethanol were some of the major volatile components through the fermentation respectively. Peak area of 2-methyl-1-propanol, 1-hexanol, 1-dodecanol, ethyl acetate, monoethyl butanoate, acetic acid and isobutylaldehyde among the same group were higher than other components depending upon fermentation time.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.944-950
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• 2005

Volatile flavor components of Takjus mash prepared using Aspergillus kawachii nuruk were identified by GC and GC/MS. Twenty-two esters, 20 alcohols, 10 acids, 8 aldehydes, and 3 others were found in Takju mash. Thirty two components including 13 esters and 13 alcohols were detected at beginning of fermentation. Thirteen more components were detected after second day of fermentation, and 63 additional components after 12 days of fermentation. Twenty nine flavor components including 12 alcohols such as ethanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, and benzeneethanol, 12 esters such as ethyl acetate, ethyl caprylate, and ethyl butyrate 3 aldehydes, and 2 acids were detected during fermentation. Major volatile components detected during fermentation included 3-methyl-1-butanol, ethyl caprylate, and benzeneethanol. Peak areas of 2-methyl-1-propanol, 1-hexanol, 2, 3-butanediol (D.L), 1-dodecanol, 2-phenylethyl acetate, ethyl acetate, and monoethyl butanoate were higher than those of other components depending upon fermentation period.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.77-83
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• 2022

This study was conducted to determine the optimal composition of sex attractant for monitoring adults of the tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura, in Korea. Lures of different compositions from the two sex pheromone components the female, (Z,E)-9,11-tetradecadienyl acetate (Z9E11-14:Ac) and (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate (Z9E12-14:Ac), were compared for male attraction using synthetic chemicals, rubber septa, and funnel traps in soybean and peanut fields. After sequential tests were conducted using three sets of the two components different ranges from 5:5 to 10:1, from 9:1 to 99:1, and from 9:1 to 39:1, the 19:1 ratio was identified as the most efficient composition. However, S. litura males were barely caught in the trap of the Z9E11-14Ac single component lure. The results show that both the sex attractant compounds are necessary for monitoring adults S. litura males. The higher the pheromone amount in the dispenser in the range from 0.1 to 10 mg, the more males were attracted. Furthermore, the trap height of 1.5 m was optimal for male capture.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.266-273
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• 2007

This study was conducted to examine the antimicrobial activity of Perilla frutescens var. acuta leaf fractions extracted with a mixture of ethanol and water. The Ca and Mg contents of the leaf were 595.75 mg% and 467.0 mg%, respectively, and they were the highest among all of the test minerals. The extract yield increased w e content of water in e extraction solvent. Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found in the 50,70 and 95% ethanol extracts. Of the various fractions extracted from the mixture of ethanol and water, the ethyl acetate fraction showed antibacterial activity against all microorganisms tested in this experiment, and the antibacterial activity of ethyl acetate fraction from the water extract was the strongest. The phenol and flavonoid content in the ethyl acetate fraction showed no correlation with the concentration of ethanol in the extract solvent; however, their contents were higher in the 30% ethanol and water extraction which the antimicrobial activity of the extract was the strongest.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.262-266
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• 1999

Thirty plants were screened for their antioxidative activity. The extracts of Agastache rugosa, Schizonepeta tenuifolia and Lycopus lucidus had high free radical(2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging activities. Methanol extract of Agastache rugosa was fractionated with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and water. The ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest antioxidant activity in the DPPH test. The ethyl acetate fraction was applied to Sephadex LH-20 column, and the fractions showing antioxidative activity were collected and used for identification of the substance. The purified substance was applied to mass, IR, UV and NMR spectroscopy. The spectra of mass, IR, UV and NMR implied that the substance is a rosmarinic acids as a kind of phenolic compound. The rosmarinic acid has more antioxidative effect than those of BHT and ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ in the Rancimat test.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.10-15
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• 2018

The leaves and stems of Dendropanax morbiferus were separated from organic solvents with methanol. The organic solvent fractions were fractionated with dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and butanol according to the systematic fractionation method. Oxidation in the body induces aging, and antioxidant activity has attracted the attention of many people as a preventive component to suppress negative reactions in the body. To investigate the antioxidant activity of Dendropanax morbiferus were subjected to DPPH free radical assay. In addition, acetyl cholinesterase inhibitions were performed for Alzheimer's disease as an aging neurological disease. As a result, it was confirmed that the antioxidant effect of DPPH was generally good in the antioxidant test. The ethyl acetate fractions of Dendropanax morbiferus stems and leaves were $IC_{50}=30{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. Acetyl cholinesterase inhibition experiments were carried out at a concentration of $250{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. Dendropanax morbiferus stems fractions showed dichloromethane fraction of 57.68%, which significantly inhibited the activity of acetyl cholinesterase.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.sup3
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• pp.125-130
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• 2016

Nepeta cataria L. has been used in traditional medicine of some countries. Here the cytotoxic and apoptogenic activity of methanol extracts, n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and acqueous extracts and the essential oil obtained from the aerial parts of the plant were evaluated with PC3, DU-145 and MCF-7 cell lines. Cell viability, histograms of PI stained fragmented DNA in apoptotic cells and Western blot analysis of proteins involved in the cascade of apoptosis were compared in all samples. Thirty components were identified as volatile, representing 99.7% of essential oil composition after GC-MS analysis of the oil obtained from aerial parts of the N. cataria by hydro-distillation. The major oil components of the essential oil were nepetalactone stereoisomers. Comparing IC50 values showed estrogen receptor positive PC3 cells were more sensitive to the cytotoxic effects of N. cataria in comparison with low hormone-receptor presenting DU-145 cells. Among multiple extracts and essential oils of the plant, only the ethyl acetate extract could significantly decrease cell viability in PC3 cells, in a concentration dependent manner. Ethyl acetate extract of N. cataria treated cells showed a sub-G1 peak in PC3 cells in a concentration dependent manner that indicates the involvement of an apoptotic process in ethyl acetate extract-induced cell death. Western blotting analysis showed that in PC3 cells treated with ethyl acetate (48 h) caspase 3 and PARP were cleaved to active forms. Overall, the results suggest that further analytical elucidation of N. cataria in respect to finding new cytotoxic chemicals with anti-tumor activity is warranted.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.578-582
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• 2002

Ethanol extract obtained from bark, roots, stem, leaves and seeds of 30 species of plants and mushroom, Dicyophora indusiata were examined antimicrobial effect on fish pathogenic bacteria, Listoneria anguillamm, Lactococcus garvieae, Streptococcus iniae by disk method. Ethanol extract of D. indusiata was found to be the most active against all fish pathogenic bacteria in test system. Ethyl acetate fraction from ethanol extract of D. indusiata showed the strongest compared with those from other solvent fractions such as dichloromethane, n-buthanol and water. The antimicrobial effect of ethyl acetate fraction was particularly evident against S. iniae.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.95-102
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• 2015

The Maillard reaction is a non-enzymatic reaction between amino and carbonyl groups. During milk processing, lactose reacts with milk protein through this reaction. Infant formulas (IFs) are milk-based products processed with heat-treatments, including spray-drying and sterilization. Because IFs contain higher Maillard reaction products (MRPs) than breast milk, formula-fed infants are subject to higher MRP exposure than breast milk-fed ones. In this study, we investigated the optimization of conditions for minimal MRP formation with the addition of $\small{L}$-carnitine ($\small{L}$-car), pyridoxine hydrochloride (PH), and $\small{DL}$-${\alpha}$-tocopheryl acetate (${\alpha}$-T) in an IF model system. MRP formation was monitored by response surface methodology using fluorescence intensity (FI) and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) content. The optimal condition for minimizing the formation of MRPs was with $2.3{\mu}M$ $\small{L}$-car, $15.8{\mu}M$ PH, and $20.6{\mu}M$ ${\alpha}$-T. Under this condition, the predicted values were 77.4% FI and 248.7 ppb HMF.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 2003

Cirsium japonicum var. ussuriense were extracted with methanol and then fractionated with nhexane, EtOAc and BuOH to get active fractions. And their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities in each fraction were determined. Ethyl acetate and butanol fraction of Cirsium japonicum var. ussuriense showed strong antioxidant activities, but hexane fraction did not show any activities. But in the antimicrobial test, Ethyl acetate fraction showed strong antimicrobial activities except to Aspergillus awamori, Asperigillus niger. Especially, Ethyl acetate fraction showed the strongest activities against Bacillus subtilis. And aqueous fraction showed the strongest activities against Cladosporium herbarum, Hypocrea nigricans. This study was performed to determine the antimutagenic and cytotoxic effect of Cirsium japonicum var. ussuriense methanol extract on Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100 and cancer cell lines using Ames test and cytotoxicity assay, respectively. Cancer cell lines include human lung carcinoma(A549), human breast adenocarcinoma(MCF-7) and human hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep3B). Futher fractionations with hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol and water from methanol extract of Cirsium japonicum var. ussuriense were performed to obtain effective fraction, methanol extract showed 60.14% inhibition effect on the mutagenesis induced by MNNG against TA100, while 77% and 72.5% inhibition was observed on the mutagenesis induced by 4NQO against TA98 and TA100, respectively. and methanol extract showed 82.25% and 73.7% inhibitory effect on the mutagenesis induced by Trp-P-1 against TA98 and TA100, respectively. methanol extract showed the strongest effect against A549, MCF-7 and Hep3B at the same concentration compared to those of other fration.