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Effect of Soybeans, Chungkukjang, and Doenjang on Blood Glucose and Serum Lipid Profile in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats (대두, 청국장 및 된장 분말의 급여가 Streptozotocin 유발 당뇨쥐의 혈당 및 혈청지질 성상에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Ah-Ra;Lee, Jae-Joon;Cha, Sun-Sook;Chang, Hae-Choon;Lee, Myung-Yul
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.41 no.5
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    • pp.621-629
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    • 2012
  • This study investigated the effect of soybeans, $chungkukjang$, and $doenjang$ on blood glucose and serum lipid profile in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 205 g were divided into non-diabetic and diabetic groups. The diabetic groups were further subdivided into four experimental groups: a normal group (N), a diabetic control group (STZ-C), a diabetic group fed autoclaved soybean powder (STZ-S), a diabetic group fed $chungkukjang$ powder (STZ-CKJ) and a diabetic group fed $deonjang$ powder (STZ-DJ). Food and water intakes were higher in the diabetic groups than in the N group. The body weight gain and food efficiency ratios were higher in the STZ-S, STZ-CKJ, and STZ-DJ groups than in the STZ-C group, but created no significant changes between the diabetic groups on food intake and body weight gain. The whole blood level at 4 weeks of the STZ-CKJ group was significantly lower than the STZ-C group. Serum glucose levels of the STZ-S, STZ-CKJ, and STZ-DJ groups were significantly lower than the STZ-C group, but there was no significant change in serum insulin levels. The AST and ALP activities in serum were markedly higher in the STZ-C group, but these decreases in relation to diabetes increased in the STZ-S, STZ-CKJ, and STZ-DJ groups. The level of serum triglycerides was lower in the STZ-CKJ and STZ-DJ groups than in the STZ-C group, whereas level of serum HDL-cholesterol was higher in the STZ-CKJ and STZ-DJ groups. Levels of total serum and LDL-cholesterol were higher in the diabetic groups compared with the N group, but significantly decreased in the STZ-S, STZ-CKJ, and STZ-DJ groups compared to the STZ-C group. These results indicate that dietary supplements of soybean, $chungkukjang$ and $doenjang$ may improve blood glucose and lipid metabolism and help prevent or attenuate the progression of diabetes in STZ-induced diabetic rats.

Feeding Unprotected CLA Methyl Esters Compared to Sunflower Seeds Increased Milk CLA Level but Inhibited Milk Fat Synthesis in Cows

  • Dohme-Meier, F.;Bee, G.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.75-85
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    • 2012
  • An experiment was conducted to compare the effect of the same amount of 18:2 offered either as 18:2n-6 or as a mixture of unprotected 18:2c9t11 and 18:2t10c12 on feed intake, milk components as well as plasma and milk fatty acid profile. Fifteen cows were blocked by milk yield and milk fat percentage and within block assigned randomly to 1 of 3 treatments (n = 5). Each cow passed a 12-d adjustment period (AP) on a basal diet. After the AP cows received 1 of 3 supplements during an 18-d experimental period (EP). The supplements contained either 1.0 kg ground sunflower seeds (S), 0.5 kg conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)-oil (C) or 0.75 kg of a mixture of ground sunflower seeds and CLA-oil (2:1; SC). All 3 supplements contained the same amount of 18:2 either as CLA (${\Sigma}18$:2c9t11+18:2t10c12, 1:1) or as 18:2c9c12. During the last 2 d of AP and the last 4 d of EP feed intake and milk yield were recorded daily and milk samples were collected at each milking. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein on d 11 of AP and d 15 and 18 of EP. The 18:2 intake increased in all treatments from AP to EP. Regardless of the amount of supplemented CLA, the milk fat percentage decreased by 2.35 and 2.10%-units in treatment C and SC, respectively, whereas in the treatment S the decrease was with 0.99%-unit less pronounced. Thus, C and SC cows excreted daily a lower amount of milk fat than S cows. The concentration of trans 18:1 in the plasma and the milk increased from AP to EP and increased with increasing dietary CLA supply. While the concentration of 18:2c9t11 and 18:2t10c12 in the plasma and that of 18:2t10c12 in the milk paralleled dietary supply, the level of 18:2c9t11 in the milk was similar in C and CS but still lower in S. Although the dietary concentration of CLA was highest in treatment C, the partial replacement of CLA by sunflower seeds had a similar inhibitory effect on milk fat synthesis. Comparable 18:2c9t11 levels in the milk in both CLA treatments implies that this isomer is subjected to greater biohydrogenation with increasing supply than 18:2t10c12. The fact that unprotected 18:2t10c12 escaped biohydrogenation in sufficient amounts to affect milk fat synthesis reveals opportunities to develop feeding strategies where reduced milk fat production is desirable or required by the metabolic state of the cow.

The Effects of Radix aconiti on the Contraction of Rat's Spinal Cord Injury (부자(附子)의 경구투여(經口投與)가 RAT의 척수손상(脊髓損傷)에 미치는 영향(影響) 및 비교(比較))

  • Lee Geon-Mok;Kim Kyung-Sik;Lee Kang-Chang
    • Journal of Acupuncture Research
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.105-116
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    • 1998
  • Purpose In this study, We observed the recovery process in the ability to move in the hind limbs of the rats whose spinal cord injuries were treated by Radix acouniti(RA). The purpose of this study is to see the effects of Radix acouniti(RA) water extract on the contraction of rat's spinal cord injury. Procedure First, the rats were subjected to hemisectional spinal cord injuries by a scalpel blade. Those rats, then, were divided into three groups: Sham operated rats group and the experimental group, which received the Radix acouniti(RA) water extract, and the control group, which had no treatment. Their recovery in the ability to walk was observed by the Open Field Test (OFT) for 14 days after the injuries. Method The OFT was applied at four points: the hip, knee, ankle joint, and the tail. Each joint was given a movement rating of from 0 to 3, depending on the amount of movement. A movement rating of 0 designates no movement, a 1 designates slight movement, a 2 designates increased movement, and a 3 designates active movement. Slight movement is defined as a joint displaying less than or equal to 30% of that joint range, increased movement is displaying less than or equal to 60% of that joint's range, and active movement is greater than or equal to 90% of that joint's range. Tail movement is also graded on a scale of 0 to 3. A rating of 0 indicates that the tail is down 100% of the time, one of 1 indicates that the tail is down more than 10%, one of 2 shows that the tail is down less than 50% but more than 10% of the time, and one of 3 shows that the tail is down less than 10% of the time. All four ratings were added together and then averaged to arrive at a single score. Results The sham group which did not go through spinal cord injuries showed near normal results on all 3 joints and tail from right after the operation, which one would expect. The RA oral application group showed more effective recovery of movememt function than the control group around 4 days after the spinal cord injuries. However, after 14 days, both groups displayed almost the same degree of movement recovery. The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1. After 14days the spinal cord injuries, movement was recovered in sham operated group, control group, and experimented group in the hip, the knee, the tail and then the ankle of rats, in that order. 2. Around 7 days after the spinal cord injuries, the experimental group proved the effectiveness of the therapy in terms of movement recovery. 3. The level of ALT, ALP, AST in RA treated group was slightly increased. 4. The level of BUN and creatinine in RA treated group was slightly increased. The above results indicate that RA therapy at an early stage can bring about better movement recovery in patients with spinal cord injuries from traffic accidents or industrial disasters. But there is apparent side effect of RA on clinical, therefore the study on this should be continued.

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Changes of enzyme activity in the hemolymph and hepatopancreas of the abalone, Haliotis discus hannai (Ino, 1953) exposed to cadmium (카드뮴 노출에 따른 북방전복, Haliotis discus hannai (Ino, 1953) 의 hemolymph 및 hepatopancreas의 효소활성의 변화)

  • Min, Eun-Young;Lee, Jung Sick;Kwak, Ihn-Sil;Kim, Jae Won;Kang, Ju-Chan
    • The Korean Journal of Malacology
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    • v.30 no.1
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    • pp.41-49
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    • 2014
  • This study was conducted to investigate the effects of cadmium (Cd) exposure on biochemical factors in the hemolymph and hepatopancreas of the abalone, Haliotis discus hannai. The abalone were exposed to 0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 ${\mu}g/L$ Cd for 4 weeks. The phenoloxidase (PO) activity was decreased in hemolymph of abalone exposed to 40 Cd ${\mu}g/L$ for 4 weeks compared to the control (P < 0.05). The hemolymph enzymes, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities were markedly elevated in 40 Cd ${\mu}g/L$ after 4 weeks. The hemolymph calcium concentrations were significantly decreased in 20 and 40 Cd ${\mu}g/L$ for 4 weeks. Hepatopancreas superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were significantly increased by Cd. SOD was increased in both 20 and 40 Cd ${\mu}g/L$ and CAT, in 40 Cd ${\mu}g/L$ after 2 weeks (P < 0.05). These results suggested that the abalone SOD and CAT including PO may serve as a protective mechanism against oxidative stress by Cd. We conclude that a Cd concentration, 40 ${\mu}g/L$ in water may curtail hemolymph homeostasis and anti-oxidative reactions in abalone hepatopancreas. From these results, these biochemical factors may represent a convenient method of monitoring heavy metal pollution in coastal areas.

Protective Effect of Semisulcospira libertina Extract on Induced Hepatitis in Rats (다슬기 열수 추출물이 간독성이 유도된 흰쥐에 미치는 보호 효과)

  • Park, Young Mi;Lim, Jae Hwan;Lee, Jong Eun;Seo, Eul Won
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.25 no.5
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    • pp.539-547
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    • 2015
  • This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of Semisulcospira libertina extract on liver injury induced by D-galactosamine in rats. After the administration of S. libertina extract, the local fat degeneration and infiltration of inflammatory cells in liver tissues were significantly decreased and peripheral hemorrhages around portal triads and central necrosis around central veins were found to be protective. The elevated levels of plasma ALT, AST, and LDH, the ALP activation lipid peroxidation, and the lipid contents of a damaged liver were recovered in experimental rats administrated with S. libertina extract, suggesting its role in blood enzyme activation and lipid content restoration within damaged rat liver tissues. Moreover, the expression rate of TNF-α, which accelerates inflammation and induces tissue damage and necrosis, was significantly decreased. In addition, the activities of antioxidant enzymes were more effectively upregulated compared to those of the control group induced hepatotoxicity. All data showed that S. libertina extract has a preventive role against liver damages, such as inflammation and tissue necrosis, as instigated with D-galactosamine by improving the activities of blood enzymes and antioxidant enzymes and modulating the expression of inflammation factor, suggest S. libertina extract is an effective medicinal resource for the restoration of hepatotoxicity.

Effect of Alcohol Detoxification Beverage that Contained Bulnesia sarmienti on Alcohol-metabolizing Enzymes and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities (Bulnesia sarmienti 를 함유한 숙취해소 음료가 알코올대사 및 항산화 효소활성에 미치는 영향)

  • Lim, Ae-Kyung;Jung, Mee-Jung;Lee, Jae-Wook;Hong, Joo-Heon;Kim, Kil-Soo;Jung, Seok-Bang;Kim, Dae-Ik
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.407-413
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    • 2011
  • This study was carried out to investigate the effect of a beverage that contained Bulnesia sarmienti(BSP, 2.5%) on rats to which alcohol was administered. The treatment of the BSP group reduced the serum alcohol concentration to 52%, compared to 47% in the positive control(PC) group. Similar pattell1s were observed in the enhancement of alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH), acetaldehyde dehydrogenase(ALDH), alkaline phosphate(ALP), alanine aminotransferase(ALT), asparate aminotransferase(AST), total cholesterol(CHOL), ${\gamma}$-glutamyltrasferase(GGT), glucose(GLU), total bilirubin, and total protein(TP) in the serum. Also, in the BSP group, the lipoxidase(LPO), glutathion-S-transferase(GST), XO, catalase(CAT), and superoxide dismutase(SOD) were significantly reduced, compared to the CO and PC groups in the liver. The glutathione(GSH) activity increased in the BSP group, though. These results indicate that Bulnesia sarmienti extract can enhance alcohol metabolization activity.

Hepatoprotective Effects of Semisulcospira libertine Hydrolysate on Alcohol-induced Fatty Liver in Mice (알코올성 지방간 유발 마우스에서 다슬기 유래 가수분해물의 간 보호 효과)

  • Song, Eun Jin;Cho, Kyoung Hwan;Choo, Ho Jin;Yang, Eun Young;Jung, Yoon Kyoung;Seo, Min Gyun;Kim, Jong Cheol;Kang, Eun Ju;Ryu, Gi Hyung;Park, Beom Yong;Hah, Young-Sool
    • Food Engineering Progress
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    • v.21 no.4
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    • pp.318-325
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    • 2017
  • Alcoholic steatosis is a fundamental metabolic disorder and may precede the onset of more severe forms of alcoholic liver disease. In this study, we isolated enzymatichydrolysate from Semisulcospira libertine by alcalase hydrolysis and investigated the protective effect of Semisulcospira libertine hydrolysate on liver injury induced by alcohol in the mouse model of chronic and binge ethanol feeding (NIAAA). In an in vitro study, the hydrolysate protects HepG2 cells from ethanol toxicity. Liver damage was assessed by histopathological examination, as well as by quantitating activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). After the administration of S. libertina hydrolysate, fat accumulation and infiltration of inflammatory cells in liver tissues were significantly decreased in the NIAAA mouse model. The elevated levels of serum AST, ALT, and ALP activities, along with the lipid contents of a damaged liver, were recovered in experimental mice administrated with S. libertina hydrolysate, suggesting its role in blood enzyme activation and lipid content restoration within damaged liver tissues. Moreover, treatment with S. libertine hydrolysate reduced the expression rate of cyclooxygenase (COX-2), interleukin $(IL)-1{\beta}$, and IL-6, which accelerate inflammation and induces tissue damage. All data showed that S. libertine hydrolysate has a preventive role against alcohol-induced liver damages by improving the activities of blood enzymes and modulating the expression of inflammation factor, suggesting S. libertine hydrolysate could be a commercially potential material for the restoration of hepatotoxicity.

Effects of Dietary Bong-ip(Morus alba L.), Gam-chei(Glycyrrhizae glabra), Sol-ip(Pinus densiflora) and Dang-gi(Angelica gigas) on Serum Composition in Rats (뽕잎, 감초, 솔잎 및 당귀분말이 흰쥐의 혈청조성에 미치는 영향)

  • Cho, Young-Ja;Hou, Won-Nyoung
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.123-129
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    • 2005
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary Morus alba L.(Bong-ip, B), Glycyrrhizae glabra(Gam-chei, C), Pinus densiflora(Sol-lp, S) and Angelica gigas(Dang-gi, D)powder on serum composition in rats(Sprague-Dawley male rats, 100-110g). Serum TG(triglyceride, p<0.01), total cholesterol, glucose, total protein, albumin, GGT$({\gamma}-glutamyl$ transferase, p<0.05) were significantly increased D group than that of nomal and other groups, but UA(uric acid, p<0.05) was significantly decreased, and C group(p<0.05) was significantly increased. but C group of urine(p<0.05) was significantly decreased. Also, B and S groups(p<0.05) of BUN(blood urea nitrogen), S group(p<0.05) of ALP(alkaline phosphokinase, Band C(p<0.05) of CPK(creatinine phosphokinsae, p<0.05) were significantly increased. B, S and C groups were better than D group for lipid metabolism, and pretection to liver. Also, B and C groups of glucose were same as normal diet, so Morus alba L. was good food for lipid metabolism and hypoglycemic effect.

Dose-dependent Antifibrotic Effect of Polysaccharide from Mycelium of Ganoderma Lucidum on Liver Biliary Cirrhosis in Rats (담도결찰 흰쥐에서 영지배양 균사체 유래 다당체의 항섬유화 효과 검색 및 용량의존성시험)

  • Park, Eun-Jeon;Ko, Geon-Il;Kim, Jae-Baek;Sohn, Dong-Hwan
    • YAKHAK HOEJI
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    • v.41 no.2
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    • pp.220-224
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    • 1997
  • This study was carried out to investigate the dose dependent antifibrotic effects of polysaccharide from mycelium of Ganoderma lucidum. The experimental hepatic cirrhosis was induced by bile duct ligation/scission (BDL/S) in rats. BDL/S rats in each group were dosed 0.5 mg, 2.0 mg, 5.0 mg or 10.O mg/rat/day orally for 4 weeks after the operation. Antifibrotic effects were evaluated by serum biochemical values, hydroxyproline contents, and light microscopical histology. The results obtained were as follows: 1) Hydroxyproline contents in liver of 5.0 and 10.0mg polysaccharide-treated BDL/S rats were significantly reduced 2) In serum test, ALT, AST, ALP values in polysaccharide from Ganoderma lucidum-treated group were lower than BDL/S control group 3) The hepatic damage such as hepatocellular necrosis, inflammation, bile duct proliferation and fibrosis was less severe in the livers of 2.0 mg and 5.0 mg polysaccharide-treated rats. These results suggest that polysaccharide from mycelium of Ganoderma lucidum to be a promising agent for the inhibition of hepatic cirrhosis.

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Experimental Hepatic Cirrhosis in Rats (실험적 간경화 동물모델 비교)

  • Park, Eun-Jeon;Kim, Jae-Baek;Sohn, Dong-Hwan;Ko, Geon-Il
    • YAKHAK HOEJI
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    • v.41 no.5
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    • pp.622-628
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    • 1997
  • Hepatic cirrhosis is a common response to chronic liver injury from many causes and is one of the most common cause of all deaths. This study was carried out to compare experimental hepatic cirrhosis in rats to understand this disease and to apply for the pharmacokinetics in disease state. Following three kinds of experimental models were induced; 1) Bile duct ligation/scission (BDL/S), 2) N, N-dimethylnitrosamine(DMN), 3) Carbon tetrachloride. The hepatic cirrhosis was characterized by examing the liver/body weight ratio, serum biochemical values, hydroxyproline content in liver and histopathological lesions in cirrhotic rat liver. The results are as follows : (1) In BDL/S, the liver was enlarged to 250% of normal liver. In contrast the liver was shrinked to 48% and 78% of the normal liver in DMN and carbon tetrachloride, respectively. (2) In carbon tetrachloride and BDL/S, the serum ALT, AST, ALP and total bilirubin levels were significantly increased to 200~300% of normal level, while ALT and total bilirubin levels were significantly increased in DMN group. (3) Hydroxyproline content in cirrhotic rat liver was significantly 200~500% higher than that of normal liver. (4) Nodular formation with fibrosis was observed in BDL/S, DMN, carbon tetrachloride induced cirrhotic rat liver.

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