• 치위생과학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2011

본 연구는 치과진료기관의 주된 근무인력인 치과위생사들이 지각하는 직무스트레스를 파악하고 이직행태가 직무스트레스에 미치는 영향을 살펴봄으로써 직무만족도 향상을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 2009년 3월에서 5월까지 울산 경남 지역권내 치과병 의원에 근무하는 치과위생사 214명을 대상으로 분석한 결과 다음과 같다. 대상자의 업무 환경적 특성은 진료기관은 의원이 57.5%, 병원이 42.5%였고, 경력은 1~3년이 42.5%로 가장 많았고, 이직경험이 있는 치과위생사가 38.3%였으며 이직횟수는 1회가 45.1%로 가장 많았다. 보수는 130~149만원이 33.6%로 가장 많았고, 근무시간은 8~9시간이 49.5%로 가장 많으며 주된 업무는 일반진료업무보조가 70.1%로 가장 많았다. 연령이 낮을수록 부적절한 보상에 스트레스가 많았으며 학력이 높을수록, 기혼인 경우 직무요구에 따른 스트레스가 많았다. 이직경험에 따라서는 이직횟수와 직장문화가 관련성이 있었으며 업무환경적 특성에서는 진료기관별 직무요구와 관계갈등이, 보수에서는 관계갈등이, 근무시간에서 조직체계가, 주5일제 근무여부에서 직무요구가 관련성이 있었다. 치과위생사의 이직경험과 내부인력과의 관계갈등 스트레스에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며 보수가 적을수록, 치과위생사의 수가 많을수록 스트레스가 많은 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.17-37
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• 1987

The purpose of this study is to establish more rational and practical planning theory for amusement park. It analyze and consider the fluctuation of people who come and use the Tong-Ch'on amusement park. The results drawn from this reserch work are as follows; 1. The main visitors of the Tong-Ch'on amusement park are students in their twenties and thirties, and people whose incomes are below 300,000 Won a month. The purpose of visit is for a rest rather than for amusement and user prefer summer, while the user is so rare in wintertime. Those phenomena observed are somewhat different from the real purpose of a amusement park which is on purpose to make profits by offering entertainments to the users. So planner should pay attention to the three points. They are varieties, seasonable diversification and fantastic character of facilties, in the amusement park. 2. The access time of the Tong-Ch'on amusement park was 41 minutes, the use frequency was 4 times a year and resident time was 164 minutes. The relationship of the three factors are as follows; log Y(F) =1.7832-0.0277(A.T) R$^2$=0.75 Y(R. F)=31.8885+3.3217(A.T) R$^2$=0.53 Y(R. T)=224.8959-87.8309 1og(F) R$^2$=0.38 F;Use frequency(time/year) A.T;Access Time(minute) R.T;Resident Time(minute) 3. In the choice of space, there were much differences according to tole user's age, job, degree of education, companion type and purpose of use. 4. There are considerable correlation between use fluctuation and some factors. The factors are season(summer, winter) as a time, temperature, cloud amount, duration of sunshine, weather(rainy-day) as a climate and a day of the week(weekday, holiday) as a social system. The important variables are temperature, cloud amount, duration of sunshine and a day of the week(weekday, holiday) to estimate the user of amusementpark. 5. 1 can reduce the following two types of regression models. 1) log$\sub$e/ Y1 = 6.9114 + 0.l135 TEM + 0.00002 SUN -0.4068W1 + 0.4316 W3 (R$^2$= 0.94) 2) log$\sub$e/ Y2 = 7.2069 + 0.l177 TEM - 0.0990 CLO + 0.4880 W3 (R$^2$=0.95) Y; Number of User TEM; Temperature CLO; Amount of cloud SUN; Duration of Sunshine W1; Weekday W3; Holiday Those model is in order to estimate the user for management of Tong-Ch'on amusement park and use on the computation of facility sloe for reconstruction. Besides the amusement park, city park and outdoor recreation area could estimate of user through this method. But, I am not sure about the regression models because I did not apply the regression models to the other amusement park, city Park or outdoor recreation area. Therefore, I think that this problem needs to be studied on in the future.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.293-300
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• 2007

건축 구조물의 내진설계규정은 1988년에 만들어졌으며, 설계된 지 20년이 지난 많은 구조물들이 내진 성능을 갖추지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 특히, 벽식 구조 공동주택들의 경우 내진설계가 수행되지 않았으며 장변 방향으로는 지진하중을 저항하는 벽들이 배치되지 않아 지진의 위험에 노출되어 있다. 최근에는 기존 구조물에 대해서 내진 성능을 평가하고 부족한 구조물에 대한 보강 방안을 개발하는 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 그러나 이것은 기존 구조물에 대하여 구조 해석과 설계 과정이 선행되어야 하므로 많은 시간과 노력이 소비되고 있다. 따라서 보다 간단한 방법으로 내진 성능을 평가하는 방법이 필요하다. 이 연구에서는 KBC-code에 의해 내진설계가 수행된 3개의 모델 구조물과 내진 설계가 수행되지 않은 4개의 모델 구조물에 대하여 한국시설안전기술공단에서 제시한 기존 구조물의 내진 성능 평가 방안에 의한 내진 성능평가를 수행하였다. 평가 결과를 MIDAS프로그램을 이용한 CSM법에 의한 내진 성능 평가 결과와 비교하여 개략적인 평가 결과의 적정성을 비교 분석하였다. 평가 결과 기존에 사용되어진 평가 방법은 전단응력 평가와 층간 변위 평가에서 저평가되는 경향이 있었으며, 이는 판정을 왜곡시키는 결과를 가져오게 되었다. 이에 본 연구에서는 기존 평가 방법의 수정안을 제시하여 그 적용성을 분석하였다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.14-24
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• 1993

The Purpose of this study was to explore the condition of periodic medical examination and the health care services of industries in order to offer some basic data on developing industrial nursing care. To achieve this goal a self - administered questionnaire (developed by the academic affairs of community health nursing) was provieded to the nurses in 56 industries from Dec. 10, 1992 to Jan. 20, 1993. The statistical computer package, SPSS, was used to manipulate the data along with T-test and ANOVA. The results were as follows : 1. General characteristics: The greater part of the industries were manufacturing company, and below 300 employees of industry were 55.4%. The shift system was mostly one shift(66.1%) and three shift(23.2%), and 50.0% them organized the Industrial Safety and Health Commitee. Average a number of employees was 631 person. 2. Periodic Medical Examination: Most of the workers were receiving periodic medical examination from the designated hospital (95.71%). From the about 12.89% were gone through a colse medical examination. In colse medical examination 58.41% were decided 'C' and 36.73% were decided 'D'. About 6.23% off those who had any clinical findings were work-time shortening(7.84%), work-transition(8.12%), recoverating at home. The majority of the workers receive the result of the periodic medical examination individually (78.5%). 3. Special medical examination: The rate of those who are receiving special medical examination were 76.82% and about 8.24% were decided 'C' and 1.23% were decided 'D' Those who had any health problems were receiving follow-up checking (9.10%) and medical treatment while working (15.04%). The health managers in the company can consult (85.7%) those who had any suspicious sign and symptoms of occupational disease. 4. Health care services: The average score of health care services were 17.57 point out of 28 point, and the score was lower in health assessment and environmental hygiene than medical diagnosis and health education. There were significant differences in environmental hygine (F=3.72, P=0.017), health care services(F=3.94, P=0.013) according to the size of the size of the industries The other's significancy is not shown by any type of industrial nurse. The level of health care services were higher in the wokers who had better health and showed no singificant differences(T=-0.73, P=0.470).

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권20호
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• pp.9033-9038
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• 2014

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of deep inspiration breath-hold (DIBH) based volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) for locally advanced left sided breast cancer patients undergoing radical mastectomy. DIBH immobilizes the tumor bed providing dosimetric benefits over free breathing (FB). Materials and Methods: Ten left sided post mastectomy patients were immobilized in a supine position with both the arms lifted above the head on a hemi-body vaclock. Two thermoplastic masks were prepared for each patient, one for normal free breathing and a second made with breath-hold to maintain reproducibility. DIBH CT scans were performed in the prospective mode of the Varian real time position management (RPM) system. The planning target volume (PTV) included the left chest wall and supraclavicular nodes and PTV prescription dose was 5000cGy in 25 fractions. DIBH-3DCRT planning was performed with the single iso-centre technique using a 6MV photon beam and the field-in-field technique. VMAT plans for FB and DIBH contained two partial arcs ($179^{\circ}-300^{\circ}CCW/CW$). Dose volume histograms of PTV and OAR's were analyzed for DIBH-VMAT, FB-VMAT and DIBH-3DCRT. In DIBH mode daily orthogonal ($0^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$) KV images were taken to determine the setup variability and weekly twice CBCT to verify gating threshold level reproducibility. Results: DIBH-VMAT reduced the lung and heart dose compared to FB-VMAT, while maintaining similar PTV coverage. The mean heart $V_{30Gy}$ was $2.3%{\pm}2.7$, $5.1%{\pm}3.2$ and $3.3%{\pm}7.2$ and for left lung $V_{20Gy}$ was $18.57%{\pm}2.9$, $21.7%{\pm}3.9$ and $23.5%{\pm}5.1$ for DIBH-VMAT, FB-VMAT and DIBH-3DCRT respectively. Conclusions: DIBH-VMAT significantly reduced the heart and lung dose for left side chest wall patients compared to FB-VMAT. PTV conformity index, homogeneity index, ipsilateral lung dose and heart dose were better for DIBH-VMAT compared to DIBH-3DCRT. However, contralateral lung and breast volumes exposed to low doses were increased with DIBH-VMAT.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.399-404
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• 2013

Objective : The authors conducted a retrospective cohort study to determine prognostic factors and treatment outcomes of brain metastases (BM) from breast cancer (BC) after Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKS). Methods : Pathologic and clinical features, and outcomes were analyzed in a cohort of 62 patients with BM from BC treated by GKS. The Kaplan- Meier method, the log-rank test, and Cox's proportional hazards model were used to assess prognostic factors. Results : Median survival after GKS was 73.0 weeks (95% confidence interval, 46.0-100.1). HER2+ [hazard ratio (HR) 0.441; p=0.045], Karnofsky performance scale (KPS) ${\geq}70$ (RR 0.416; p=0.050) and systemic chemotherapy after GKS (RR 0.282; p=0.001) were found to be a favorable prognostic factor of overall survival. Actuarial local control (LC) rate were $89.5{\pm}4.5%$ and $70.5{\pm}6.9%$ at 6 and 12 months after GKS, respectively. No prognostic factors were found to affect LC rate. Uni- and multivariate analysis revealed that the distant control (DC) rate was higher in patients with; a small number (${\leq}3$) of metastasis (HR 0.300; p=0.045), no known extracranial metastasis (p=0.013, log-rank test), or the HER2+ subtype (HR 0.267; p=0.027). Additional whole brain radiation therapy and metastasis volume were not found to be significantly associated with LC, DC, or overall survival. Conclusion : The treatment outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed BM from BC treated with GKS could be affected primarily by intrinsic subtype, KPS, and systemic chemotherapy. Therapeutic strategy and prognosis scoring system should be individualized based on considerations of intrinsic subtype in addition to traditionally known parameters related to stereotactic radiosurgery.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.85-89
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• 2002

목적 : 사람에 비하여 크기가 현저히 작은 동물의 자기공명영상 촬영을 위하여 상용으로 인체에 적용하는 Head 코일보다 원통 반지름이 작은 Low-Pass Type Birdcage 코일을 제작함으로써 보다 큰 신호대잡음비 (Signal-to-Noise Ratio. SNR)를 얻고자 하였다. 방법 : 자기공명영상을 얻기 위해 Spin Echo 펄스시퀀스와 Fast Spin Echo 펄스시퀀스를 사용하였다. T1 강조영상을 얻기 위한 Spin Echo 펄스시퀀스의 매개변수는 TR/TE=300/17 ㎳, Matrix=256$\times$256, Field Of View (FOV)=150 mm, Slice Thickness=2 mm 이었다. T2 강조영상을 얻기 위한 Fast Spin Echo 펄스시퀀스의 매개변수는 TR/TE=3000/96 ㎳, Matrix=256$\times$256, Field Of View (FOV)=150 mm, Slice Thickness=2 mm 이었다. 원통의 지름이 13 cm인 Birdcage 코일은 12개의 elements로 구성되어 있으며 길이는 22 cm로 제작되었다. 결과 : 코일 원통의 반지름의 크기에 따른 SNR을 비교하기 위하여 인체용 Knee 코일과 동물용으로 제작된 코일을 이용하여 각각의 팬톰 영상을 획득하였다. 팬톰 영상으로부터 측정된 SNR의 값을 통해 반지름이 작은 동물용 코일의 SNR이 더 크다는 걸 확인할 수 있었다. 토의 및 결론 : 본 연구를 통하여 같은 형태의 Birdcage 코일일 경우 원통의 반지름에 따라 SNR이 다르며, 특히 반지름이 작을 때 SNR이 더 크다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 코일의 크기에 비해 촬영하고자 하는 대상물의 부피가 작은 경우 대상물의 부피에 맞추어 코일을 제작하면 SNR이 보다 뛰어난 영상을 얻을 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.51-63
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• 1986

We got the following results from the 324 radiologic technologists as we surveyed their working condition by using the questionaire, who were working in the medical institutions (general hospitals and doctor's clinics) situated in the area of Seoul city, Kyung ki-do and Chung-chong-do since June to December 1985. 1. Their daily average working time was almost within 10 hours (in 93.9% of general hospitals, 66.1% of clinics). 2. About the numbers of holidays, 85.5% of general hospitals have one holiday per week,41.3% of clinics have one holiday per week or 38.5% of clinics have one holiday per two weeks. 3. Duty appointment of radiologic technologists in the department of radiology is taking charge of each part after serving for a certain part for some period (42.8%), taking charge of the special part continually or by turns in other working parts (35.3%). On the other hand in the clinics they took charge of all parts continually (53.2%) or by turns with their own situations. (30.3%). 4. Their daily working amount is too much in 51.6% of general hospitals or 45.8% of clinics. 5. They answered it was hard in 81.4% of general hospitals or 43.1% of clinics about the degree of difficulty of their work. 6. Their monthly salary is higher in the clinics than in the general hospitals and higher in Seoul area than in Kyung-ki or Chung-chong area. 7. Their yearly bonus .ate is 400%-600% (69.2%) in almost general hospitals, 100%-300% (57.8%) in th. clinics. 8. Danger allowance is paid with the monthly salary in 62.8% of the general hospitals or 19.2% of clinics and license allowance is paid in 44.7% of general hospitals or in 12.8% of clinics. 9. Their initial salary (except bonus) is about 200,000 won (in 76.8% of general hospitals, in 67.8% of clinics). 10. Their salary is raised regulary every year in 52.6% of general hospitals, but it is irregulary in 73.4% of clinics. 11. Promotion system is managed in 48.4% of the general hospitals or in 14.7% of clinics. 12. Retirement allowance is assured in 96.9% of the general hospitals or in 63.3% of clinics. 13. Main cause of their retirement is moving to more paid hospitals, better hospitals in working condition or facilities, moving to another cities, to the hospitals with more opportunities of promotion or choosing other jobs etc. 14. Human relationship with doctors, nurses or co-worker technologists as a member of medical team appeared almost intimate and good.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.199-207
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• 1983

팔 녹두에 적합(適合)한 제초제선발(除草劑選拔)을 위하여 1980~1983 년(年)의 4 개년(個年)에 걸쳐 작물시험장(作物試驗場)에서 포장시험(圃場試驗)과 pot 시험(試驗)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 제초제(除草劑)에 대한 내성(耐性)은 콩이 가장 컸으며, 녹두, 팥의 순서(順序)이다. 2. 출아전처리제(出芽前處理劑)로서 alachlor와 그외 7 종(種)의 제초제(除草劑)에 대한 약해(藥害)를 검정(檢定)한 결과(結果) 약해(藥害)를 비교적(比較的) 덜 일으키는 제초제(除草劑)는 팥에서 chloramben, linuron, metribuzin 등(等)이며, 녹두에 서 alachlor. butachlor 등(等)이었다. 3. 출아후처리제(出芽後處理劑)로서 팔, 녹두에 외관상(外觀上) 약해(藥害)를 일으키지 않는 제초제(除草劑)는 alloxydim, Dowco 453, fluazifop 등(等)이었다. 4. 출아전처리제(出芽前處理劑)로서 terbutryn 150g, a.i./l0a 처리(處理)가 팔과 녹두에 대한 잡초방제효과(雜草防除効果)가 가장 양호(良好) 하였으나 약해(藥害)의 우려가 있으며, 출아후처리제(出芽後處理劑)로서 acifluorfen 30g. a.i./10a 처리시(處理時) 잡초방제효과(雜草防除効果)가 가장 양호(良好)하였고 약해(藥害)도 20일(日) 이내(以內)에 회복(回復)되어 수량(收量)에는 영향(影響)을 미치지 않았다. 5 제초제(除草劑) 단일처리(單一處理) 보다는 혼합(混合) 및 조합처리시(組合處理時) 잡초방제효과(雜草防除効果)가 뚜렷하였으며 성분량(成分量)으로 10a당(當) 팥에서 linuron 50 g과 Dowco 453 l8g 또는 fluazifop 26g 조합처리(組合處理)가, 녹두에서 alachlor 131 g과 acifluorfen l5g 조합처리(組合處理)가 체초방제효과(體草防除效果)와 수량(收量)이 높았다.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.292-300
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• 2016

담수호 수질오염방지를 위해 유역종합대책과 호내 대책으로 수질오염방지 종합대책 수립 및 인공습지를 적용하였다. 본 연구는 화성호 수질 개선 및 자연생태계 보호를 위한 호소 수변지역 인공습지 조성에 따른 수질정화 효율과 인공습지 효율 제고를 위한 설계 고려사항을 도출하기 위하여 수행하였다. 연구대상 시설은 경기도 화성시에 위치한 인공습지 시스템으로forebay와 wetland로 구성되어 있다. 모니터링은 강우시 2회, 건기시 10회 수행하였으며, 분석 결과 인공습지 유입 및 유출의 유속은 COD와 TN의 부하량과 높은 상관성을 가지는 것으로 분석되었다. 인공습지의 forebay 지점에서 건기시에는 COD, TN 및 TP의 농도가 감소하는 것으로 조사되었으며, 비 강우시에 비해 강우시에 저감효율이 상대적으로 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 강우시에 인공습지에 유입되는 양에 비해 유출되는 양이 상당히 작은 것으로 강우유출수 저감 효과에 뛰어난 것으로 분석되었다. 건기시 및 강우시의 인공습지의 전반적인 효율의 경우 TSS는 50% 이상, TP는 20~35%으로 조사되었으며, TN은 26~94%로써 다른 오염물질에 비하여 높은 저감효율을 나타냈다. 이러한 모니터링 자료는 향후 담수호 수질정화효율 증대를 위한 인공습지 설계 시 중요한 자료를 제공할 것으로 판단된다.