• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.11-17
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• 2001

In this paper, we propose a polarity decision carrier recovery algorithm for high order QAM(Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), which has robust and large frequency acquisition performance in the high order QAM modem. The proposed polarity decision PD(Phase Detector) output and its variance characteristic are mathematically derived and the simulation results are compared with conventional DD(Decision-Directed) method. While the conventional DD algorithm has linear range of $3.5^{\circ}{\sim}3.5^{\circ}$, the proposed polarity decision PD algorithm has linear range as large as $-36^{\circ}{\sim}36^{\circ}$ at ${\gamma}-17.9$. The conventional DD algorithm can only acquire offsets less than ${\pm}10\;KHz$ in the case of the 256 QAM while an analog front-end circuit generally can reduce the carrier-frequency offset down to only ${\pm}100\;KHz$. Thus, in this case additional AFC or phase detection circuit for carrier recovery is required. But by adopting the proposed polarity decision algorithm, we can find the system can acquire up to ${\pm}300\;KHz$at SNR = 30dB without aided circuit.

• Journal of Chitin and Chitosan
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.267-276
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• 2018

This study was performed to investigate the ameliorating effect of a hangover beverage mixture (SBJ) that contains Dendropanax morbifera Lev. and several medicinal plant extracts, on hepatoprotection and alcohol-metabolizing enzymes in alcohol-induced hangover in both in vitro and in vivo models. In human hepatoma cell line, HepG2, 300 mM of ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity was significantly improved by pretreatment of SBJ by dose-dependent manner. In the in vivo study, administration of alcohol to rats raised to the concentration of blood alcohol and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Blood alcohol and LDH levels in SBJ-treated rats significantly decreased at 0.5 h and 8 h after acute ethanol administration (40%, 4.6 g/kg body weight) as compared to alcohol-treated rats. Hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity were significantly higher in SBJ-treated rats than in alcohol-treated rats. SBJ supplementation reduced formation of malondialdehyde (MDA), and inhibited reductions of hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD), hepatic glutathione (GSH), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels, compared with rats administered alcohol. Plasma catalase (CAT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels showed unaltered resulted in all experimental groups compared with the control group. These results suggest that SBJ exhibit hepatoprotective properties by enhancing ADH, ALDH activity and stimulating the antioxidant defense system in alcohol-induced hangover.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.85-98
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• 1987

To analyze the aerosol dynamics in severe accidents of LMFBR, a new computer code entitled MCAD (Multicomponent Aerosol Dynamics) has been developed. The code can treat two component aerosol system using relative collision probability of each particles as sequences of accident scenarios. Coagulation and removal mechanisms incorporating Brownian diffusion and gravitational sedimentation are included in this model. In order to see the effect of particle geometry, the code makes use of the concept of density correction factor and shape factors. The code is verified using the experimental result of NSPP-300 series and compared to other code. At present, it fits the result of experiment well and agrees to the existing code. The input variables included are very uncertain. Hence, it requires uncertainty and sensitivity analysis as a supplement to code development. In this analysis, 14 variables are selected to analyze. The input variables are compounded by experimental design method and Latin hypercube sampling. Their results are applied to Response surface method to see the degree of regression. The stepwise regression method gives an insight to which variables are significant as time elapse and their reasonable ranges. Using Monte Carlo Method to the regression model of LHS, the confidence level of the results of MCAD and their variables is improved.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.300-307
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• 1998

The $Co_{90}Fe_{10}$ single layer films were deposited on various substrates (glass, Si, polymide) using high vacuum RF magnetron sputtering system and nominall 1000 $\AA$ thick $Co_{90}Fe_{10}$ alloy films had a good high frequency characteristic. $M_S$ and $H_{an}$ values obtained from the B-H characteristic of the $10{\times}[100 nm \;Co_{90}Fe_{10}/100 nm\; SiO_2]$ multilayers agreed well with those obtained by calculation. Complex relative permeability $(={\{\mu}_r={\mu}_r',-j{\mu}$\mu$_r")$ at frequency f was measured from the transmission characteristics $(S_{11},\; S_{21}\;parameters)$ of the microstrip line which has a stacked structure consisting of sample magnetic films and a conductor and is connected to a network analyzer. The ${\mu}_r'-f$ characteristic was abtained from the megnetic absorption, which was analyzed from the S-parameter characteristics of the microstrip line. The ${\mu}_r'-f$ characteristic was also calculated from the ${\mu}_r"-f$-f characteristic using the Kramers-Kronig relation. The measurement results were confirmed to agree well with those obtained by calculations.culations.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2001.03a
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• pp.51-51
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• 2001

Cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) is a satiety factor that is regulated by leptin. It was reported that the mice intracerebroventricularly injected with CART showed behavioral changes resembled with the typical behavioral alterations found in the mice carrying disorders in the brain serotonergic (5-HT) system. Hence, this study was conducted to find out the relationships between CART and 5-HT. We first examined the mRNA levels of CART after the injections of para-chlorophenylalanine (pCPA, 300 mg/kg i.p., single injection or daily for three consecutive days) in the rat brains by in situ hybridization using the mouse CART cDNA probe cloned in our laboratory. Systemic administrations of pCPA, a potent inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase, the rate limiting enzyme of 5-HT biosynthesis, acutely depletes the brain 5-HT transporter (5-HTT) in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), which reuptakes terminal 5-HT. Results indicated that the mRNA level of CART significantly decreased in the arcuate nucleus, paraventricular nucleus, and lateral hypothalamic nucleus by three days of daily injection with pCPA with no noticeable change detected 24 hrs after the single injection. The message levels of 5-HTT in DRN decreased in both single and three days of injections. Secondly, to investigate whether CART affect to 5-HT, mouse genomic CART gene, which is consist of 3 exons and 2 introns and mouse neurofilament light (NF-L) chain promoter were cloned. Then, we constructed neuron specific expression vector, which was transfected into HeLa cell using lipid-mediated transfection system. Expression of GFP and CART linked to NF-L-chain promoter in the transfected HeLa cell were detected by using fluorescent microscope and RT-PCR. These results confirmed normal expression of DNA constructs in vitro. Then, to increase brain specific expression of CART in vivo transgenic mice carrying CART gene controlled the deleted NF-L-chain promoter were generated by the DNA microinjection into pronuclei of fertilized embryos. Transgenic mice were detected by Southern blot. Further study is necessary to examine CART expression and 5-HTT in these transgenic mice. Therefore, these results suggest that there maybe a positive molecular correlation between CART and 5-HT in responding to the stimuli.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.50-56
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• 2010

Polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) film is widely used in various industrial fields such as mobile phone, display pannel, notebook etc. Recently PET film attached on indium tin oxide (ITO) surface has a role of high pencil hardness, high refractive index etc. So we synthesized two types of multi-functional monomer which are epoxy modifed acrylate and unmodified acrylate type using recyclable resource like phloroglucinol, derived from trinitrotoluene. We studied the effect of multi-functional monomer's chemical structure on the various properties such as refractive index, optical transmittance, and pencil hardness. We characterized synthesized multi-functional monomer by qualitative analysis through H NMR. We observed that pencil hardness of 1,3,5-triepoxide benzene and 1,3,5-triacrylate benzene they have the range of 2~3 H at high UV dosage of 300 mW. Refractive index appeared the value of 1.54~1.57. Transmittance of all multi-functional monomers has more than 93%.

• Journal of the Korean Society of International Agriculture
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.546-551
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• 2011

Chrysanthemums, often called mums or chrysanths, belong to the genus Chrysanthemum, which includes about 30 species of perennial flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. We extracted DNA from Dendranthema grandiflorum ('Smileball') to construct a simple sequence repeat (SSR)-enriched library, using a modified biotin-streptavidin capture method. GS FLX (Genome Sequencer FLX System which provides the flexibility to perform the broad range of applications) sequencing (at the 1/8 run specification) resulted in 18.83 mega base pairs (Mbp) with an average read length of 280.06 bp. Sequence analyses of all SSR-containing clones revealed a predominance of di-nucleotide motifs (16,375, 61.5%) followed by tri-nucleotide motifs (6,616, 24.8%), tetra-nucleotide motifs (1,674, 6.3%), penta-nucleotide motifs (1,283, 4.8%), and hexa-nucleotide motifs (693, 2.6%). Among the di-nucleotide motifs, the AC/CA class was the most frequently identified (93.5% of all di-nucleotide types), followed by the GA/AG class (6.1%), the AT/TA class (0.4%), and the CG/GC class (0.03%). When we analyzed the distribution of different repeat motifs and their respective numbers of repeats, regardless of the motif class, of 100 SSR markers, we found a higher number of di-nucleotide motifs with 70 to 80 repeats; we also found two di-nucleotide motifs with 83 and 89 repeats, respectively, but their product lengths were within optimum size (297 and 300 bp). In future work, we will screen for polymorphisms of possible primer pairs. The results will provide a useful tool for assessing molecular diversity and investigating the population structure among and within Chrysanthemum species.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 2006

Total 150 packs of UHT milk and UHT-ESL milk, produced by different domestic milk companies, were compared at refrigerated and room temperature for 35 days in terms of microbiological qualities such as incidence date, number of incidence packs, and numbers of bacteria, and post-pasteurization contamination. Overall qualities of UHT-ESL milk were slightly better than that of UHT milk in relations to total bacteria in milk. No coliforms were detected in two groups of UHT milk samples after 35 days. Aerobic spores were more common in two brands of UHT milks stored in 20$^{\circ}$C than those in 7$^{\circ}$C, in which spores were broken out at 7 and 14 day. No incidences of thermoduric bacteria were founded until 14 days in two groups of UHT milks, but high level of counts (<300${\sim}$<3,000 CFU/ml) after 21 days at 20$^{\circ}$C and 40${\sim}$3,600 CFU/ml at 7$^{\circ}$C were detected, respectively. Psychrotrophic bacteria were higher in UHT milk than in UHT-ESL milk, in which began to detect at 28 days. No post-pasteurization contamination by salmonella spp. and staphylococcus aureus were found throughout the experimental periods. One may conclude that the shelf life of UHT milk under cold-chains system can be extended up to 21days, as long as UHT treated milk are filled in sterilized containers by aseptic packaging system.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.289-300
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• 1995

At the initial stage of the underground reservoir design one should thoroughly consider surface and subsurface hydrology, hydrogeologic characteristics of aquifer system, and the function of cut - off wall because it is linked to the effective management. In this study, three dimensional finite difference model was applied to analyse the function of Ian underground reservoir at Kyungbuk Province. The steady and unsteady state conditions after construction of the underground dam were simulated through the model, and from these results the groundwater budget and the safe yield were determined. The model simulation indicates the infiltration of irrigation water to be one of the major factors of seasonal fluctuation of groundwater level. The recharge rates of irrigation water were estimated as 4.3mm/d during May and June, and 1.7mm/d during July and Agust. Groundwater recharge from the watershed area estimated to about $0.04m^3/s$, almost consistent through the year. In 1984, groundwater discharge through the transverse section of the dam was $0.002m^3/s$ and the optimum yield for two momths(July and Aguest)was $254000m^3$, however, the discharge became $0.013m^3/s$ in1993, implying the failure of cut -off function. without appropaiate of the cut - off wall, optiumum yield during the irrigaton period would be $93, 000m^3$.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2014

Salmonella typhimurium MMP13 and S. typhimurium ${\chi}8554$ were derived from weak JOL401 and strong ${\chi}3339$ virulent strains. Heat-labile subunit B (LT-B) was used as an adjuvant to increase the effectiveness of the vaccine. Plasmid pMMP184 carrying a ghost cassette was transformed into MMP13 and ${\chi}8554$ to produce the ghost, and the prepared ghost cells were administered into the muscles of BALB/c mice. In the absence of the adjuvant, the total IgG content showed a tendency to increase contrary to the original virulent strength. In contrast, in the presence of the adjuvant, the strain that originated from the strong virulent showed a tendency to promote the immune more than that of weak virulent strain. However, the final concentration of total IgG was similar between the compared groups, indicating that the originated virulent strength does not affect a specific immune. Other elements of the immunoglobulins IgG1, IgG2a, and sIgAs did not show a specific trend. The results of Salmonella challenge showed a similar tendency to regardless of the originated virulence. Taken together, the results suggest that the Salmonella ghost cells promoted the immune system of BALB/c mice, irrespective of the virulence applied to create the ghost cells.