• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.6 s.73
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• pp.941-947
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• 2005

The contamination frequency of major foodborne pathogenic bacteria was investigated from 213 seafood samples including sliced raw fish and shellfish in Busan and CyeongNam province area. Tested microorganisms were Salmonella spp. Staphyloroccus aureus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Bncillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes and Campylobacter jejuni. The frequency of isolated microorganisms was V. parahaemolyticus (30.5%), B. cereus (9.9%), S. aureus (3.8%) and other pathogenic bacteria (1.4%). from July to October, total isolation rates were greater than 50% and V. parahaemolyticus was dominant among the microorganisms isolated. The bacteria isolation rate (49.2%) in raw seafoods including shellfishes was higher than one (28.9%) in sliced raw fish. V. parahaemelyticus isolates were resistant to ampicillin (96.9%), amikacin (29.2%) and tetracycline (27.7%), and B. cereus isolates were resistant to ampicillin (100%), Penicillin G (100%), rifampicin (71.4%) and tetracycline (14.3%). The growth of V. parahaemolyticus and B. rereus was greatly inhibited below $10^{\circ}C$, but increased at ambient temperature. Washing seafood with tap water showed to reduce total count of remaining V. parahaemolyticus. Thus temperature control under $10^{\circ}C$, sufficient washing and prompt eating appeared to reduce the risk of food poisoning by these bacteria in seafoods.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.454-462
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• 2019

A conventional Korean meal typically includes various roasted, steamed, stir-fried, and braised foods. For this study, we investigated the contents of water soluble vitamins, $B_1$ (thiamin), $B_2$ (riboflavin) and $B_3$ (niacin) in various roasted, steamed, stir-fried, and braised foods. Method validation for analytical data in this study showed a high linearity ($r^2$>0.999), and the limit of detection and quantification were 0.001-0.067 and $0.002-0.203{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. For accuracy and precision, analytical values using standard reference materials were in the certified ranges. Roasted foods contained 0.039-1.057 mg/100 g of thiamin, 0.058-0.686 mg/100 g of riboflavin and 0.021-21.772 mg/100 g of niacin. Steamed foods contained 0.049-1.066 mg/100 g of thiamin, 0.025-0.548 mg/100 g of riboflavin and 0.134-21.509 mg/100 g of niacin. Stir-fried foods contained 0.114-0.388 mg/100 g of thiamin, 0.014-1.258 mg/100 g of riboflavin and 0.015-2.319 mg/100 g of niacin. Braised foods contained 0.112-1.656 mg/100 g of thiamin, 0.024-0.298 mg/100 g of riboflavin and 0.322-2.157 mg/100 g of niacin. The data on water-soluble vitamins in this study can be used for a nutritional database of conventional Korean meals.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 1997

The effect of Co and annealing temperature on the magnetic properties, phase change and microstructure of melt-spun $(Nd_{14.73}Fe_{78.67}B_{6.60})_{100-x}Co_x$ (X=0, 1, 2, 3) ribbons has been studied. The Co containing ribbons were found to have higher coercivity ($_iH_c$) than the ribbons without Co. Intrinsic coercivity of 20.3 kOe has been obtained by addition of 2 at%Co. This effect by Co addition is also represented in the case of hot pressed and die-upseted magnets. The maximum intrinsic coercivities of hot press and die-upset $(Nd_{14.73}Fe_{78.67}B_{6.60})_{100- x}Co_x$ (X=0, 1, 2, 3) magnets are 16.9 kOe and 15.2 kOe when X=2.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.94-98
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• 2000

Tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) caused 100%, 50% and 20% mortality rates among rats injected with 40 mg, 30 mg and 20 mg/100g. b.w. respectively; while the morta]ity rates were decreased to 50%, 20% and 10% when Panax ginseng (2 mg/100g. b.w.) injected with TC during 72 hrs. post-injection. Subacute-toxicity study demonstrated that TC caused severe hepato-nephrotoxicity (demonstrated by biochemical analysis of serum including: transferases , alkaline phosphatase, total protein, glucose, cholesterol urea and creatinine) in rats injected i.p. with 10 mg and 5 mg/100g. b.w. for 7 days of daily injection . These signes of toxicity were greatly diminished by P. ginseng addition to TC doses.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.122-127
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• 2009

Folate is generally considered as a safe water-soluble vitamin for supplementation. However, we do not have enough information to confirm the potential effects and safety of folate supplementation and the interaction with vitamin $B_{12}$ deficiency. It has been hypothesized that a greater methyl group supply could lead to compensation for vitamin $B_{12}$ deficiency. On this basis, the present study was conducted to examine the effects of high-dose folic acid (FA) supplementation on biomarkers involved in the methionine cycle in vitamin $B_{12}$-deficient rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed diets containing either 0 or $100{\mu}g$ (daily dietary requirement) vitamin $B_{12}/kg$ diet with either 2 mg (daily dietary requirement) or 100 mg FA/kg diet for six weeks. Vitamin $B_{12}$-deficiency resulted in increased plasma homocysteine (p<0.01), which was normalized by dietary supplementation of high-dose FA (p<0.01). However, FA supplementation and vitamin $B_{12}$ deficiency did not alter hepatic and brain S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) concentrations and hepatic DNA methylation. These results indicated that supplementation of high-dose FA improved homocysteinemia in vitamin $B_{12}$-deficiency but did not change SAM and SAH, the main biomarkers of methylating reaction.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.50 no.7
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• pp.140-148
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• 2013

This paper presents a iterative Bose-Chaudhuri-hocquenghem (i-BCH) code and its high-speed decoder architecture for 100 Gb/s optical communications. The proposed architecture features a very high data processing rate as well as excellent error correction capability. The proposed 6-iteration i-BCH code structure with interleaving method allows the decoder to achieve 9.34 dB net coding gain performance at $10^{-15}$ decoder output bit error rate to compensate for serious transmission quality degradation. The proposed high-speed i-BCH decoder architecture is synthesized using a 90-nm CMOS technology. It can operate at a clock frequency of 430 MHz and achieve a data processing rate of 100 Gb/s. Thus, it has potential applications in next generation forward error correction (FEC) schemes for 100 Gb/s optical communications.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.481-482
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• 2007

This paper describes the design of a l0-bit 100 KSample/S CMOS A/D Converter for biomedical applications such as pulse oximetry, body weight scale, ECG etc. We adopted an asynchronous architecture in the 10-b DAC design and hence reduces the number of switches by 11 and resistors by 64 compared with the conventional l0-b DAC. We also reduced the power consumption compare with the conventional architecture by 0.4mW. Output offset cancellation technique is applied to the design of comparator. The total power consumption of designed circuit is 190uW at the supply voltage of 1.8V with the 0.18um general CMOS technology.

• Interdisciplinary Bio Central
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.12.1-12.6
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• 2012

The advanced glycation endproducts receptor (AGE-R) is a signal transduction receptor for multiligand such as S100b and AGEs. S100b has been demonstrated to activate various cells with important links to atherosclerosis initiation and progression including endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells via AGE-R, triggering activation of multiple signaling cascades through its cytoplasmic domain. Many studies have suggested AGE-R might even participate in the cardiovascular complications involved in the pathogenesis of type I diabetes. Recently, Small Ubiquitin-Related Modifier 1 (SURM-1 also known as SUMO-1) has been recognized as a protein that plays an important role in cellular post-translational modifications in a variety of cellular processes, such as transport, transcriptional, apoptosis and stability. Computer Database search with SUMOplot Analysis program identified the five potential SURMylation sites in human AGE-R: K43, K44, K123, and K273 reside within the extracellular domain of AGE-R, and lastly K374 resides with the cytosolic domain of AGE-R. The presence of the consensus yKXE motif in the AGE-R strongly suggests that AGE-R may be regulated by SURMylation process. To test this, we decided to determine if AGE-R is SURMylated in living vascular cell system. S100b-stimulated murine aortic vascular smooth muscle cells were used for western blot analysis with relevant antibodies. Taken together, bioinformatics database search and molecular biological approaches suggested AGE-R is SURMylated in living cardiovascular cell system. Whilst SURMylation and AGE-R undoubtedly plays an important role in the cardiovascular biology, it remains unclear as to the exact nature of this contribution under both physiological and pathological conditions.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.101-104
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• 2018

Purpose Alpha fetoprotein(AFP) is a fetal serum protein that increases in germ cell tumors derived from liver cancer or egg yolk. AFP test has been used for screening of liver cancer, determination of tumor stage, determination of therapeutic effect, and fetal congenital malformations. The purpose of this study was to compare the results of the four kits, identify the advantages and disadvantages of each kit, and select the appropriate kits for our laboratory. Materials and Methods Blood samples were obtained from 89 patients attending the Seoul national university hospital. Experiments were carried out in accordance with manufacturer's instructions of four companies(A, B, C, D). The precision, recovery, linearity, and sensitivity test were performed for each kit. Results In case of the precision within the measurement, the CV value of the C kit was less than 5% at the low, middle, and high concentrations. The A, B and D kit's the CV value was less than 5% at the concentrations except the low concentration. The recovery rates of the A, B, C, and D kits were $100{\pm}15%$, $100{\pm}30%$, $100{\pm}16%$ and $100{\pm}14%$, respectively. All kits showed good linearity. Sensitivity was measured as 0.5 IU/mL for A, 0.4 IU/mL for B, 0.98 IU/mL for C, and 0.3 IU/mL for D. Conclusion The CV values of the four kits were within 10%, and the correlation coefficients were close to 1 for $R^2=0.978$, $R^2=0.992$ and $R^2=0.8957$. As a result, they are clinically available. Therefore, each laboratory should select the appropriate kit for their experiment's environment.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.243-248
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• 2011

The prevalence and distribution of hazardous microorganisms were investigated from the major perilla cultivation area at Milyang, Gyeongnam province, Korea. Aerobic plate count (APC) and coliform count of perilla leaves were 4.82 log CFU/g and 3.85 log CFU/g, respectively. E. coli, S. aureus and B. cereus were detected in 3.0% (4/114), 7.9% (9/114) and 46.5% (53/114) of examined perilla leaves. However, E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp, and L. monocytogenes were not detected. The distribution of hazardous microorganisms in perilla leaf cultivation environment were compared and the concentration of APC and coliform counts were more than 3.0 log CFU/(mL, g, $100cm^2$, hand) from most of the samples. S. aureus were detected from irrigation water, packing table, packing vinyl, hand, and clothes. Also, B. cereus was frequently detected from the examined samples. Especially, packing table and collection container were contaminated with maximum 5.5 log $CFU/100cm^2$ of B. cereus. Good Agricultural Practice (GAP) system should be introduced to farms to enhance the safety of perilla leaves.