• Title/Summary/Keyword: S supply level

Search Result 820, Processing Time 0.034 seconds

An Experimental Study on the Subjective Response for Water Supply and Drain Installations in Apartment Bathroom (공동주택 급배수 설비소음의 주관반응에 관한 실험적 연구)

  • Lee, Tai-Gang;Ko, Kwang-Pil;Kim, Hang;Song, Guk-Gon;Kim, Sun-Woo
    • Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
    • /
    • v.18 no.6
    • /
    • pp.663-673
    • /
    • 2008
  • The purpose of this study is to analyze the appropriate evaluation method for the water supply and drain noise of bathroom in apartment and to propose some fundamental idea on its regulation. For this reason, it was studied the acoustical characteristics of water supply and drain noise as modifying the water supply pressure for the washbasins and toilet stools and suggested the optimum evaluation method through psychoacoustic test. As a result of investigation of the levels by evaluating the adjectives and noise sources with 7-step criteria corresponding to each level of plumbing noises and analysis of the correlation between physical evaluation values by comparing the criteria, dB(A), N, and NC, with subject's response, determination coefficient($R^2$) was shown to be relatively fair or higher ranged from 0.65 to 0.92. It is shown that 'Harsh', 'Nervous', 'Unpleasant', 'Distasteful', and 'Repellent' as a second factor are to be appropriate to evaluate plumbing noise. Above these results could be used in basic data establishing KS(Korean Standard) for evaluation and rating procedure and measures reducing these noise.

Recent Development of Drinking Water Quality Standard and its Application (음용수질 기준과 관리방안)

  • 권숙표
    • Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
    • /
    • v.7 no.2
    • /
    • pp.83-94
    • /
    • 1992
  • Recently water demand is increasing as the industry prospers. The increase of water demand is followed by the increase of wastewater discharge which pollutes rivers and ground water extensively. These rivers, reservoirs and ground water are sources for drinking water and their contamination affects the quality of water supply and other potable water. In Korea there are 776 water treatment plants which supply drinking water from main rivers or reservoirs. Rivers are the biggest water source for drinking water is being contaminated, the innovation of treatment process is needed. The construction and operation of water supply facilities is under the control of the Ministry of Construction and the water supply offices of cities and provinces. However, drinking water quality is under the control of the bureau of sanitation in the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs. There are 33 items in drinking water quality standards of Korea. Trihalomethanes, Selenium, Diazinone and other three of pesticides have been included lately, The Ministry of Health and Social Affairs is planning to enhance. the level of $VOC_S$(Vola-tile Organic Compounds) standard. Drinking water quality standard is the goal to protect the quality of supply water and ground water. In order to protect the source water from domestic or industrial water, technological improvement and adequate investment should be urgently made. The ultimate goal of drinking water quality is safety and health of consumers. The more stringent the standard are, the better the water quality will be. As the drinking water quality standards become more stringent this year, various and positive solutions by the authorities concerned must be prepared.

  • PDF

An Exploratory Comparison of Supply Chain Integration Practices of Korean and International Manufacturing Plants in Automotive, Electronics, and Machinery Industries (한국과 해외 우수 제조기업의 공급사슬 통합 현황에 대한 탐색적 고찰 : 자동차, 전자, 기계산업을 중심으로)

  • Hur, Dae-Sik;Kim, Kil-Sun;Choi, Jeong-Wook
    • Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
    • /
    • v.33 no.4
    • /
    • pp.101-118
    • /
    • 2008
  • This study compares supply chain integration practices of high performing manufacturing plants in Korea and those in the U.S., Japan, and six European countries. Data were drawn from the High Performance Manufacturing(HPM) Round 3, a joint data-collection effort on manufacturing and supply chain management. Specifically, in the automotive, electronics, and machinery industries, we selected twenty Korean plants with high performance reputation and chose the same number of non-Korean plants(HPM top 20), based upon their competitive manufacturing capability index and customer satisfaction index. The Korean plants do not significantly differ from HPM top 20 plants in that internal value creation activities are coordinated and integrated at the corporate level and between plants. The Korean plants, however, demonstrated more integration with suppliers than with customers, and only the two of them were classified as 'outward facing', which pursues greater integration with both customers and suppliers. Unbalanced and lower integration with customers of the Korean plants was attributed to the lower than expected manufacturing capability and customer satisfaction. Implications for supply chain professionals were discussed.

Optimal Operation for Green Supply Chain Considering Demand Information, Collection Incentive and Quality of Recycling Parts

  • Watanabe, Takeshi;Kusukawa, Etsuko
    • Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
    • /
    • v.13 no.2
    • /
    • pp.129-147
    • /
    • 2014
  • This study proposes an optimal operational policy for a green supply chain (GSC) where a retailer pays an incentive for collection of used products from customers and determines the optimal order quantity of a single product under uncertainty in product demand. A manufacturer produces the optimal order quantity of product using recyclable parts with acceptable quality levels and covers a part of the retailer's incentive from the recycled parts. Here, two scenarios for the product demand are assumed as: the distribution of product demand is known, and only both mean and variance are known. This paper develops mathematical models to find how order quantity, collection incentive of used products and lower limit of quality level for recycling affect the expected profits of each member and the whole supply chain under both a decentralized GSC (DGSC) and an integrated GSC (IGSC). The analysis numerically compares the results under DGSC with those under IGSC for each scenario of product demand. Also, the effect of the quality of the recyclable parts on the optimal decisions is shown. Moreover, supply chain coordination to shift the optimal decisions of IGSC is discussed based on: I) profit ratio, II) Nash bargaining solution, and III) Combination of (I) and (II).

Expanding the Supply of Home Health Nurses : Post-Master's Program and Certification Examination (가정전문간호사 공급 확대를 위한 방안: 석사후과정과 자격시험)

  • Baek, Heechong;Lee, Kayoung;Song, Chong Rye
    • Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
    • /
    • v.31 no.1
    • /
    • pp.5-15
    • /
    • 2024
  • Purpose: The study aim was to examine the home healthcare system and relevant education, as well as the special certification examination, and propose a plan to increase the supply of home health nurses. Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted using data from research articles, Korean and U.S. educational institutes and organizations, Korean national statistical data, government press releases, and related medical legislation. Results: Between 2005 and 2006, 763 home health nurses were certified through the special qualification examination; however, in the 16 years from 2007 to 2023 (after the graduate-level program was established), a total of 555 home health nurses were certified, with an average of approximately 35 per year. Currently, 790 home health nurses are working at 194 medical institutions nationwide. Relatively few institutions exist in rural areas, and the supply of home health nurses is low. Only seven educational institutions offer home health nurse certification programs, with a total of 77 designated students. In contrast to Korea, post-master's certification courses are offered in the U.S.. Conclusion: To expand the supply of home health nurses, we recommend revising the rules for the special qualification examination and introducing a post-master's certification program for home health nurses. Future studies should provide additional education for applicants from other specialties in post-master's certification programs.

Public Policy and The Imbalance of The Systems: A System Dynamics Approach for The Shock of Lowered Retirement Age of Teachers on Education System

  • Yi, Mi-Sook;Choi, Nam-Hee;Kim, Doa-Hoon
    • Korean System Dynamics Review
    • /
    • v.5 no.2
    • /
    • pp.149-174
    • /
    • 2004
  • Since the economic crisis in 1997, the Korean government has implemented a number of reforms in order to eliminate inefficiencies in both private and public sectors. One of the reforms made in the public sector was to lower the retirement age of teachers from the original age of 65 to that age 62. The ultimate aim of this compulsory policy was to improve the quality level of education by hiring many young teachers instead of senior teachers. It was made based on the calculation that by lowering the retirement age by three years, the government can hire three young teachers with the saved wages. However, this policy has brought an unexpected result; the imbalance between the supply and demand for teachers has become a much more serious problem in Korea's elementary education system The purpose of this study is largely twofold; First of all, it aims to identify the scope of imbalances occurred in the supply-demand system of elementary school teachers in a region of the nation, and also to find out why such imbalance occurred. Secondly, the purpose of this study is to experiment with feasible policy alternatives and their effects on the system and to suggest some resolutions on the imbalance.

  • PDF

A Study on the Assessment of Reasonable Reserve Margin in Basic Plan of Electricity Supply and Demand (전력수급기본계획의 적정 설비예비율 산정 개선방안)

  • Kim, C.S.;Rhee, C.H.
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
    • /
    • 2006.07a
    • /
    • pp.418-419
    • /
    • 2006
  • After electricity power industry restructuring, "Long term power development plan", setting up by government, is replaced by "Basic plan of electricity supply and demand". In this basic plan, one of the most important factors is assessment of appropriate capacity margin. The benefit of GENCO is decided by the market price, and the price is largely affected by the level of reserve margin. As a consequence, appropriate reserve margin is determined by market power. However, Cost Based Pool(CBP) is a limited competitive market, and government policy for supply and demand is very important factor or reserve margin determination. This paper points out issues about existing reserve margin assessment method which is used in basic plan and suggests improved assessment method. In the case study, capacity margin is calculated by proposed assessment method and result shows the advantages of suggested method.

  • PDF

A study on present status and improvement of protection relay system in subway station for stable power supply (지하철 역사의 안정적 전원공급을 위한 보호시스템 검토)

  • Na, Jong-Woo;Jo, Won-Kang;Park, Dong-Seon;Yoo, Yeon-Seong;Moon, Hwa-Soo
    • Proceedings of the KSR Conference
    • /
    • 2008.06a
    • /
    • pp.433-444
    • /
    • 2008
  • Nowadays, subway station has provided not only transportation but living spaces for everyday activities. Therefore, a variety of facilities have been installed for a safety of citizens such as fire-fighting equipment, platform screen doors and giving high level of benefits such as air-conditioning and heating equipment, escalators, lighting apparatus. In order to operate these facilities appropriately, it is needless to say that electric power supply must be reliable. Many protection relays have been installed to protect electric apparatus and power system, nevertheless it..s study has been insufficient in the concrete. From this paper, through analyzing of protection relay system of electric room operated in line 2 of Seoul metro, we can help to improve stable power supply system of subway station.

  • PDF

지능 알고리즘을 이용한 스마트 약액 공급 장치

  • Hong Gwang-Jin;Kim Jong-Won;Jo Hyeon-Chan;Kim Gwang-Seon;Kim Du-Yong;Jo Jung-Geun
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society Of Semiconductor Equipment Technology
    • /
    • 2005.05a
    • /
    • pp.157-162
    • /
    • 2005
  • The wafer's size has been increased up to 300mm according as the devices have been integrated sophisticatedly. For this process to make 300mm-wafer, it is required strict level which removes the particulates on the surface of wafer. Therefore we need new type wet-station which can reduce DI water and chemical in the cleaning process. Moreover, it is very important to control the temperature and the concentration of chemical wet-stat ion. The chemical supply system which is used currently is not only difficult to make a fit mixing rate of chemical in cleaning process, but also it is difficult to make fit quantity and temperature. We propose new chemical supply system, which overcomes the problems via analysis of fluid and thermal transfer on chemical supply system,

  • PDF

Analysis of the Value of Yield Information under Periodic Review Inventory System (정기발주 재고모형에서 공급자 수율 정보 공유의 기대효과 분석)

  • Min, Dai-Ki
    • Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
    • /
    • v.36 no.3
    • /
    • pp.61-74
    • /
    • 2011
  • The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of sharing uncertain yield information with a downstream supply chain player. We are interested in understanding how the amount of yield uncertainty affects the supply-side benefits and/or costs, which has not been considered in the literature, in addition to the customer-side benefits. With that purpose, this work evaluates a supplier who provides yield information in comparison with another supplier who shares no information. We simulate an order-up-to type heuristic policy that is adapted from the literature and reasonably modified to represent yield information sharing with error. From the simulation study, we argue that the customer would experience cost reduction, but the cost for supplier's inventory is increasing when sharing yield information. Furthermore, the amount of benefits and costs are situational and affected by level of yield uncertainty and demand variance. Based on the simulation study, we finally make several recommendations for the supply-side approaches to yield information sharing.