• 대한핵의학회지
• /
• 제35권2호
• /
• pp.100-112
• /
• 2001

목적: 본 연구의 목적은 NEMA 프로토콜에 따라서 GE $Advance^{TM}$ PET 시스템의 성능을 평가하고 그러한 시스템이 나타낼 수 있는 능력과 한계점을 명확히 이해하는데 있다. 대상 및 방법: 성능평가는 $^{18}FDG$ 선상선윈 및 점선원 그리고 NEMA 팬텀을 사용하여 횡축방향 공간분해능, 축방향 공간분해능, 산란분획, 민감도, 계수율손실, 계수율보정, 산란보정, 균일도보정, 감쇠보정을 대상으로 하였다. 횡축방향 공간분해능과 축방향 공간분해능, 산란분획에서는 선상선원 및 점선원을 사용하여 각각 NEMA 프로토콜에 따라 정해진 위치로 이동시키면서 측정하였고, 산란분획 및 나머지 성능평가 검사에서는 직경 20 cm의 PMMA 재질의 팬텀을 이용하여 측정하였다. 결과: 표준영상 획득 모드에서 시행한 본 성능평가의 결과를 고민감도 모드 및 고분해능 모드에 대하여 얻었다. 고민감도 모드에서 동경방향으로 측정된 횡축방향 공간분해능은 스캐너 시야중심에서 4.8 mm, 20 cm에서 7.03 mm로 감소했으며 축방향 공간분해능은 스캐너 시야중심에서 평균 3.98 mm, 20 cm에서 6.71 mm로 감소하였다. 산란분획은 고민감도 모드에서 평균 9.87%였고, 민감도 측정의 결과는 고민감도 모드, 시스템 전체에 대해서 참동시계수율 $225.8kcps/{\mu}Ci/cc$를 얻었고 계수율손실 측정은 50%의 불응시간을 가지는 방사능 농도가 $4.6{\mu}Ci/cc$였으며 이때의 계수율은 427 kcps였다. 계수율 보정의 오차는 고민감도 모드, $4.60{\mu}Ci/cc$에서 최소 1.49%, 최대 3.83%였고, 산란보정의 오차는 고민감도 모드에서 평균 -0.95%였으며 균일도보정 측정은 영상면들 간의 비균일도가 최소 -1.25%, 최대 1.74%였고 변이계수는 0.74%였다. 감쇠보정의 오차는 공기에서 5.68%, 물 0.04%, 테플론 -6.51%를 얻었다. 결론: NEMA 프로토콜에 근거하여 본 연구에서 실시한 표준 성능 평가 검사는 모두 제조사의 시험지침서에 부합하였다. 결론적으로, 이는 본 GE $Advance^{TM}$ PET 시스템이 임상에의 적용에 적합함을 보여주었다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• 제45권3호
• /
• pp.105-116
• /
• 2021

Background: The creation of the National Institute of Ecology began as a national alternative project to preserve mudflats instead of constructing the industrial complexes by reclamation, and achieve regional development. On the other hand, at the national level, the research institute for ecology was needed to cope with the worsening conditions for maintaining biodiversity due to accelerated climate change such as global warming and increased demand for development. In order to meet these needs, the National Institute of Ecology has the following objectives: (1) carries out studies for ecosystem change due to climate change and biodiversity conservation, (2) performs ecological education to the public through exhibition of various ecosystem models, and (3) promotes regional development through the ecological industry. Furthermore, to achieve these objectives, the National Institute of Ecology thoroughly followed the basic principles of ecology, especially restoration ecology, in the process of its construction. We introduce the principles and cases of ecological restoration applied in the process. Results: We minimized the impact on the ecosystem in order to harmonize with the surrounding environment in all the processes of construction. We pursued passive restoration following the principle of ecological restoration as a process of assisting the recovery of an ecosystem degraded for all the space except in land where artificial facilities were introduced. Reference information was applied thoroughly in the process of active restoration to create biome around the world, Korean peninsula forests, and wetland ecosystems. In order to realize true restoration, we pursued the ecological restoration in a landscape level as the follows. We moved the local road 6 and high-voltage power lines to underground to ensure ecological connectivity within the National Institute of Ecology campus. To enhance ecological diversity, we introduced perch poles and islands as well as floating leaved, emerged, wetland, and riparian plants in wetlands and mantle communities around the forests of the Korean Peninsula in the terrestrial ecosystem. Furthermore, in order to make the public aware of the importance of the intact nature, the low-lying landscape elements, which have disappeared due to excessive land use in most areas of Korea, was created by imitating demilitarized zone (DMZ) landscape that has these landscape elements. Conclusions: The National Institute of Ecology was created in an eco-friendly way by thoroughly reflecting the principles of ecology to suit its status and thus the impact on the existing ecosystem was minimized. This concept was also designed to be reflected in the process of operation. The results have become real, and a result of analysis on carbon budget analysis is approaching the carbon neutrality.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제38권2호
• /
• pp.163-174
• /
• 2006

The $Ph{\acute{e}}bus$ FP project is an international reactor safety project. Its main objective is to study the release, transport and retention of fission products in a severe accident of a light water reactor (LWR). The FPT4 test was performed with a fuel debris bed geometry, to look at late phase core degradation and the releases of low volatile fission products and actinides. Post Test Analyses results indicate that releases of noble gases (Xe, Kr) and high-volatile fission products (Cs, I) were nearly complete and comparable to those obtained during $Ph{\acute{e}}bus$ tests performed with a fuel bundle geometry (FPT1, FPT2). Volatile fission products such as Mo, Te, Rb, Sb were released significantly as in previous tests. Ba integral release was greater than that observed during FPT1. Release of Ru was comparable to that observed during FPT1 and FPT2. As in other $Ph{\acute{e}}bus$ tests, the Ru distribution suggests Ru volatilization followed by fast redeposition in the fuelled section. The similar release fraction for all lanthanides and fuel elements suggests the released fuel particles deposited onto the plenum surfaces. A blockage by molten material induced a steam by-pass which may explain some of the low releases. The revaporisation testing under different atmospheres (pure steam, $H_2/N_2$ and steam /$H_2$) and up to $1000^{\circ}C$ was performed on samples from the first upper plenum. These showed high releases of Cs for all the atmospheres tested. However, different kinetics of revaporisation were observed depending on the gas composition and temperature. Besides Cs, significant revaporisations of other elements were observed: e.g. Ag under reducing conditions, Cd and Sn in steam-containing atmospheres. Revaporisation of small amounts of fuel was also observed in pure steam atmosphere.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
• /
• 제3권4호
• /
• pp.961-968
• /
• 1996

무궁화 위성 과제 중에서는 지구국 시스템에서 위성 링크를 통한 LAN 상호간의 접속을 제공하기 위한 시범위성 네트워크 모듈의 구현을 수행하였다. 이 시범 네트워 크는 위성을 통하여 다양한 응용들에 대한 수행을 검증하기 위한 시험을 지원할 수있 다.본 논문에서는 위성 전송시의 장단점을 고려하여 충분히 응용할 수 있는 위성-LAN 접속 구조를 제안하였다. 본 네트워크 구조는 두개의 노드에서 복수의 논리 접속을 수행하는 연결 중심형인 위성 프로토콜을 사용함으로서 높은 데이타 전송과 위성 접속 에러율에 대한 높은 성능을 제공한다. 또한, 프로토콜 변환 방법에 따라 라우터 접속을 수행할수 있다. 위성과 네트워크 접속의 구조는 4W 고출력 증폭기가 장착된 1.8m의 안테나, 위성통신용 모뎀, 위성 네트워크 접속 장치가 설계되었다. 이 시스 템은 최대 1.544 Mbps의 전송 속도를 자원할수 있으며 네트워크 관리면에서도 우수 하게 동작하였다.

• 정보학연구
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.125-139
• /
• 2001

전자상거래의 글로벌한 움직임과 관련하여 여전히 EDI는 전자상거래의 핵심요소로서 중요성을 더해 가고 있지만, 전세계를 하나로 연결하는 인터넷의 등장과 비즈니스 환경의 변화로 말미암아 그 역할과 구현방법에 새로운 변화가 일어나고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 전자상거래 구현의 중심적인 역할을 하고 있는 기존의 EDI와 현재의 인터넷을 기반으로 하는 EDI까지의 새로운 EBI조류에 대하여 살펴보았다.

• 터널과지하공간
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.43-55
• /
• 2007

한국원자력연구소에서는 고준위폐기물 처분시스템의 다양한 현장 실증연구를 위해 원자력연구소 내 지하처분연구시설 (KAERI Underground Research Tunnel, KURT)이 건설되었다. 터널 크기 $6m{\times}6m$, 총길이 255 m (진입터널 180 m 연구모듈 75 m)인 KURT는 결정질 화강암반에 위치하고 있다. KURT에서는 개념설계, 부지조사, 시설설계, 건설 과정에서 다양한 암석역학 관련 연구들이 수행되었다. 물리탐사, 시추공조사, 암석물성 시험, 현장 물성 시험 등을 통해 KURT 의 구조적 안정성 평가에 필요한 암석 및 암반의 물성이 얻어졌으며 이들 물성은 해석 모델의 입력자료로 활용되었다. 본 논문에서는 KURT 에서 수행되었던 암석역학 관련 시험을 통해 얻어진 주요 결과 및 이를 활용한 3차원 구조해석에 대해 소개한다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제53권10호
• /
• pp.3344-3351
• /
• 2021

The Rare Isotope Science Project was launched in 2011 in Korea toward constructing the Rare isotope Accelerator complex for ON line experiments (RAON). RAON will house several experimental systems, including the Muon Spin Rotation/Relaxation/Resonance (μSR) facility in High Energy Experimental Building B. This facility will use 600-MeV protons with a maximum current of 660 pμA and beam power of 400 kW. The key μSR features will facilitate projects related to condensed-matter and nuclear physics. Typical experiments require a few million surface muons fully spin-polarized opposite to their momentum for application to small samples. Here, we describe the design of a muon transport beam line for delivering the requisite muon numbers and the electromagnetic-component specifications in the μSR facility. We determine the beam-line configuration via beam-optics calculations and the transmission efficiency via single-particle tracking simulations. The electromagnet properties, including fringe field effects, are applied for each component in the calculations. The designed surface-muon beamline is 17.3 m long, consisting of 2 solenoids, 2 dipoles affording 70° deflection, 9 quadrupoles, and a Wien filter to eliminate contaminant positrons. The average incident-muon flux and spin rotation angle are estimated as 5.2 × 10⁶ μ⁺/s and 45°, respectively.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.113-131
• /
• 2022

A rockburst is a common disaster in deep-tunnel excavation engineering, especially for high-geostress areas. An anomalously low friction effect is one of the most important inducements of rockbursts. To elucidate the correlation between an anomalously low friction effect and a rockburst, we establish a two-dimensional prediction model that considers the discontinuous structure of a rock mass. The degree of freedom of the rotation angle is introduced, thus the motion equations of the blocks under the influence of a transient disturbing force are acquired according to the interactions of the blocks. Based on the two-dimensional discontinuous block model of deep rock mass, a rockburst prediction model is established, and the initiation process of ultra-low friction rockburst is analyzed. In addition, the intensity of a rockburst, including the location, depth, area, and velocity of ejection fragments, can be determined quantitatively using the proposed prediction model. Then, through a specific example, the effects of geomechanical parameters such as the different principal stress ratios, the material properties, a dip of principal stress on the occurrence form and range of rockburst are analyzed. The results indicate that under dynamic disturbance, stress variation on the structural surface in a deep rock mass may directly give rise to a rockburst. The formation of rockburst is characterized by three stages: the appearance of cracks that result from the tension or compression failure of the deformation block, the transformation of strain energy of rock blocks to kinetic energy, and the ejection of some of the free blocks from the surrounding rock mass. Finally, the two-dimensional rockburst prediction model is applied to the construction drainage tunnel project of Jinping II hydropower station. Through the comparison with the field measured rockburst data and UDEC simulation results, it shows that the model in this paper is in good agreement with the actual working conditions, which verifies the accuracy of the model in this paper.

• 국제학술발표논문집
• /
• The 9th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
• /
• pp.992-1000
• /
• 2022

Heritage buildings (HBs) as structures with historical and architectural relevance that form an integral part of contemporary society. HBs deserve to be protected for as long as possible to retain their significance. Therefore, prioritizing HB maintenance management (HBMM) is pertinent. However, the decision-making process of HBMM can be relatively daunting. The decision-making challenge may be attributed to the multiple 'stakeholders' expectation and requirement which needs to be met. To this end, professionals in the built environment have identified the need to apply the strategic concept of facilities management (FM) in decision making. However, studies exploring the application of FM in decision-making seem lacking. To bridge this gap, this study focuses on developing a framework for strategic decision-making HBMM, which helps achieve HBMM sustainability. At the study's inception, relevant works of literature in the domains of HBMM and FM were conducted. This review helped identify contemporary maintenance practices and their applicability to HBMM. Afterward, a conceptual framework to aid decision-making in HBMM was developed. This framework integrated the concept of FM scope (people, place, process, and technology) while ensuring that decisions and plans were made at strategic, tactical, and operational levels. The conceptual framework presents a holistic guide for professionals in HBMM to ensure that decision processes and outcomes are practical and efficient. It also contributes to the existing body of knowledge on the integration of FM in HBMM. Furthermore, it will help achieve HB sustainability through an effective decision-making process.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.27-30
• /
• 1969

토양(土壤)의 이화학적성질(理化學的性質)이 다른 20점(點)의 전답토양(田畓土壤)(전(田) 10점(點), 답(畓) 10점(點))을 공시(供試)하여 증류수(蒸溜水), N-KCl 및 0.01 M $CaCl_2$ 등(等) 3가지 침출액(浸出液)으로 토양(土壤)과 침출액(浸出液)의 비율(比率)을 달리하여 토양(土壤) pH를 측정(測定) 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 증류수(蒸溜水)로 침출(浸出)하여 측정(測定)한 토양(土壤) pH는 증류수량(蒸溜水量)이 많아짐에 따라서 높아졌고 그 차이(差異)는 답토양(畓土壤)에서 보다 전토양(田土壤)에서 더 컸다. 2. N-KCl로 침출(浸出)하여 측정(測定)한 토양(土壤) pH는 N-KCl량(量)이 많아짐에 따라서 약간(若干) 높아지는 경향(傾向)이다. 3. $0.01\;M-CaCl_2$로 침출(浸出)하여 측정(測定)한 토양(土壤) pH는 염류토양(鹽類土壤)을 제외(除外)하고서는 $0.01\;M-CaCl_2$량(量)에 따라서 변화(變化)가 없었다. 4. 염류토양(鹽類土壤)에서는 침출용액(浸出溶液)이 많아짐에 따라서 pH가 높아졌는데 이것은 고염농도(高鹽濃度)로 인(因)한 접착전위(接着電位)의 저하(低下)때문인 것으로 추측(推測)된다.