• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.142-152
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• 2022

The present study was aimed at examining the antibacterial effects of nonthermal decontamination processes, which are equivalent to thermal treatment, to ensure microbiological safety of raw ground chicken. Escherichia coli or Salmonella were inoculated into 25 g of raw ground chicken samples. The raw ground chicken samples were non-treated or treated with high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) at 500 MPa (1-7 min), light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation at 405 nm wavelength (30-120 min), and heat at 70℃, 90℃ (1-60 min), and 121℃ (1-15 min). E. coli and Salmonella cell counts were enumerated after treatments. Moreover, the color parameters of treated raw ground chicken were analyzed. HHP treatment reduced E. coli and Salmonella cell counts by more than 5 Log CFU/g and more than 6 Log CFU/g after 7 min and 1 min, respectively; these effects were equivalent to those of thermal treatment. However, LED irradiation reduced Salmonella cell counts by only 0.9 Log CFU/g after 90 min of treatment, and it did not reduce E. coli cell counts for 90 min. Compared with those of the non-treated samples, the ΔE (total color difference) values of the samples treated with HHP were high, whereas the ΔE values of the samples treated with LED irradiation were low (1.93-2.98). These results indicate that despite color change by HHP treatment, HHP treatment at 500 MPa could be used as a non-thermal decontamination process equivalent to thermal treatment.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.189-196
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• 2012

In this paper, we propose a Scorm-based Sequencing & Navigation Model for Collaborative Learning. It is an e-Learning process control model that is used to efficiently and graphically defining Scorm's content aggregation model and its sequencing prerequistites through a formal approach. To define a process based model uses the expanded ICN(Information Control Net) model. which is called SCOSNCN(SCO Sequencing & Navigation Control Net). We strongly believe that the process-driven model delivers a way of much more convenient content aggregating work and system, in terms of not only defining the intended sequence and ordering of learning activities, but also building the runtime environment for sequencing and navigation of learning activities and experiences.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.145-152
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• 2023

The Inconel 706 alloy is a nickel-based super alloy and requires a large load for hot forging due to its excellent mechanical properties at high temperature. Rotary forging process is an innovative metal forging process where workpiece is gradually deformed by the revolving conical upper die with an inclination angle. This process allows that the workpiece is partially in contact with an upper die during the process so that the press force is considerably lower compared with the conventional upsetting process. In this study, experiments of rotary forging process and conventional upsetting process for cylindrical parts using Inconel 706 where conducted to investigate the formability of rotary forging process. And microstructure analysis and mechanical properties of Inconel 706 were performed to investigate the effect of rotary forging process on the material property.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.62-65
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• 2008

Extrusion characteristics of Mg alloys were studied experimentally. The Al-Zn-Mg alloys, AZ31, AZ6l, AZ80, and AZ91 were extruded with hot hydrostatic extrusion process. The hydrostatic process was efficient to reduce surface friction and extend steady state region in extrusion which made it more convenient to examine deformation behavior of the alloys avoiding the disturbance caused by temporary contact state between billet and die, and billet and container. High pressure was cooperative to expand forming limit of the alloys which were applied on the billet during the extrusion process. Extrusion limits were traced in temperature and extrusion speed domain with changing composition of the alloying elements. Effects of process parameters on extrusion load and microstructure evolution were investigated also.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.199-202
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• 2009

In roll forming process, a sheet metal is continuously progressively formed into a product with required cross-section and longitudinal shape, such as a circular tube with required diameter, wall-thickness and straightness, by passing through a series of forming rolls in arranged in tandem. Tn this process, each pair of forming rolls installed in a forming machine play a particular role in making up the required cross-section and longitudinal shape of the product. In recent years, that process is often applied to the bumper rail in the automotive industries. In this study, a optimal Front Bumper Beam manufacturing technology, model deign and proper roll-pass sequences can be suggested by forming number of roll-pass and bending angle. And also effects of the process parameters on the final shape formed by roll forming defects were evaluated.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.65-72
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• 1993

Promulgation of the Environment Preservation Act of 1977 has tried to conserve the environment encroached by the development projects. Since 1983, this act has included tourism development in EIA project and public participation as a part of EIA process since 1991. Still, there are many problems in applying the gathered opinions of local residents in such development plans. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new system in whole project process as well as EIA to reflect these opinions. This study aims to investigate the problems in the process of the public participation and to suggest more effective solutions from the developer's point of view. Studies include theories of public participation developed in the planning process and the opinion survey of developers.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.19-37
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• 1999

Computer aided process planning(CAPP) is a key for implementing CIM. It is bridge between CAD and CAM and translates the design information into manufacturing instructions. Generally, manufacturing is an area where intelligent systems will not be able to rely on methods requiring formalized knowledge. Manufacturing lacks a body of knowledge that is specific, formalized, and rigorous, and which can be coded as rules or procedures. Thus expertise in manufacturing is developed over a period of many years. Case-based reasoning(CBR) offers a new approach for developing intelligent system. In the case-based approach the problem solving experience of the experts is encoded in the form of cases. CBR's retrieval process can be divided to two step. The first step is matching step, and the second step is selection step. For selecting base case, new preference heuristics were introduced using similarity concept. Similarity concept has three has three dimensions, i.e. entity similarity, structural similarity, and goal similarity. In this paper, bolt's process planning was selected an application domain. Following the test result, the new preference heuristics were approved as a useful procedure in CAPP.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.718-719
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• 2015

As a recent global trend, the majority of plant projects are delivered through EPC or EPC-turnkey contracts, where a contractor's liability is more complicated because of the mega size scale and financing method. Previous researches have been lacking a practical usability for project members for liabilities of contracts. Those were focused on solving the claims or schedule calculation issues only. The objective of the present study was to develop a validation process for LDs (liquidated damages) in contractor's liabilities with various case studies and expert judgments. As summarized in this paper, the processes and tools were developed with project life cycle process. The project preparation phase includes 3 step check lists to determine the Go or No-go for projects. In progress phase, contractors should focus on the response strategies for claims with liabilities. The study concludes that those developed processes and tools will help to manage risk of LDs for the contractors in the overseas projects.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.113-121
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• 2010

Since e-Book has various advantages of hyper-link, multimedia function, dual-direction, etc, users can access to the system easily by touch method. XML has been established as the document standard of e-Book. For XML has hyperlink, style function, and structure it is suitable for knowledge delivery and expression. In this paper, we developed the Seoul's 1000 years time-capsule cultural contents into e-Book forms that can guide tourists. We also implemented the time capsule guidance system based on the e-Book of the user center through the modification process of the generated XML code using the e-Book solution.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.87-92
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• 2013

Periodontal inflammation increases the risk of tooth loss, particularly in cases where there is an associated loss of alveolar bone and periodontal ligament (PDL). Histological and morphometric evaluation of periodontal inflammation is difficult. Especially, the lengths of the periodontal ligament and interdental alveolar bone space have not been quantified. A quantitative imaging procedure applicable to an animal model would be an important clinical study. The purpose of this study was to quantify the loss of alveolar bone and periodontal ligament by evaluation with micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Another purpose was to investigate differences in infections with systemic E. coli LPS and TNF-${\alpha}$ on E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in loss of alveolar bone and periodontal ligament model on mice. This study showed that linear measurements of alveolar bone loss were represented with an increasing trend of the periodontal ligament length and interdental alveolar process space. The effects of systemic E. coli LPS and TNF-${\alpha}$ on an E. coli LPS-induced periodontitis mice model were investigated in this research. Loss of periodontal ligament and alveolar bone were evaluated by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and calculated by the two- and three dimensional microstructure morphometric parameters. Also, there was a significantly increasing trend of the interdental alveolar process space in E. coli LPS and TNF-${\alpha}$ on E. coli LPS compared to PBS. And E. coli LPS and TNF-${\alpha}$ on E. coli LPS had a slightly increasing trend of the periodontal ligament length. The increasing trend of TNF-${\alpha}$ on the LPS-induced mice model in this experiment supports the previous studies on the contribution of periodontal diseases in the pathogenesis of systemic diseases. Also, our findings offer a unique model for the study of the role of LPS-induced TNF-${\alpha}$ in systemic and chronic local inflammatory processes and inflammatory diseases. In this study, we performed rapidly quantification of the periodontal inflammatory processes and periodontal bone loss using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) in mice.