• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.24-28
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• 1997

The field experiment for field desalinization by precultivation of orchard crops were carried out to evaluate relationship between the varieation of chlorine contents of soil and crop uptake in the upland diverted from paddy field. After harvest of grass crops, soil samples were taken for analysis of chlorine contents of soil layers. Regardless of kinds of grass crops cutivated, contents of soil chlorine were decreased comparing to non-crop plot. Chlorine content in plant harvested at just before the flowering stage was much higher than that of after flowering. Chlorine uptake and dry matter were increased in order of Italian ryegrass, Perennial ryegrass, and Sudan grass. Positive correlations were showed between chlorine uptake and dry matter. The content of soil chlorine decreased by higher yield of dry matter.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Grassland Science Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.148-149
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• 2005

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 1989.02a
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• pp.94-95
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• 1989

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2023.04a
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• pp.154-154
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• 2023

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.647-657
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• 2013

This experiment was done to evaluate the effects of green manure cropping in green house soil on the changes of soil nutrients and soil microorganisms. The biomass of green manure crop was the highest in ryegrass and nitrogen absorption was the highest in hairy vetch. After cropping, soil phosphate content was the lowest in ryegrass, however, biomass C was the highest of all the green manures. Nitrogen uptake of plant and nitrogen content of the soil after the experiment showed a negative correlation. Total N content of soil was increased in hairy vetch plot, but decreasing tendency showed in the ryegrass and common crabgrass plots. In this results are summarized that green manure cropping greatly reduced salt accumulation in green house.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.525-530
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• 1999

Prior to ensiling Rhodesgrass (RG) and Italian ryegrass (lRG) were treated with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) or with LAB+cellulases to compare their fermentation characteristics and chemical compositions. LAB (Lactobacillus casei) was added to all ensiling materials (except the untreated control) of RG and IRG at a concentration of $1.0{\times}10^5\;cfu.g^{-1}$ fresh forage. The enzymes used were Acremoniumcellulase (A), Meicelase (M) or a mixture of both (AM). Each enzyme was applied at levels of 0.005, 0.01 and 0.02 % of fresh forage. The silages with each treatment were incubated at 20, 30 and $40^{\circ}C$ and stored for about 2 months. While no marked differences were found between the RG and IRG silages with various treatments on dry matter (DM), volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) and water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) contents, there were significant differences in pH value, and lactic acid and butyric acid contents. LAB inoculation did not affect the fermentation characteristics of either the RG or IRG silages. The combined treatments of LAB+cellulases improved the fermentation quality of both the RG and IRG silages as evidenced by the decrease in pH value and increase in lactic acid content. Increasing the amount of added cellulase resulted in a decrease in pH value and an increase in lactic acid content in both the RG and IRG silages. Cellulases A and AM had a greater effect than cellulase M on the fermentation quality of the RG and IRG silages. Incubation temperatures of 30 and $40^{\circ}C$ appeared to be more appropriate environments for stimulating good fermentation than $20^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.376-380
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• 2016

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of harvesting time of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam; IRG) in spring on dry matter (DM) yield. IRG cultivars 'Kowinearly' and 'Greenfarm' were seeded at 50 kg/ha and grown on rice paddy fields. There was no difference in growth characteristics between both varieties before winter. However, cold tolerance of Kowinearly was higher than that of Greenfarm, as demonstrated by post-wintering growth characteristics. The heading date of both varieties was affected by the spring weather. The IRG was harvested three times at 5-day intervals beginning from 9 May. The DM yield of Greenfarm was 6,306; 7,335; and 8,109 kg/ha, and that of Kowinearly was 7,498; 9,196; and 10,449 kg/ha at the three consecutive harvests. The delay of the harvesting time for 5 and 10 days increased the DM yield of Greenfarm by 16% and 29% and that of Kowinearly by 23% and 39%, respectively, compared to the yield at first harvest (p < 0.05). Therefore, IRG harvest later than early to mid-May is expected to increase productivity. The feed values of Greenfarm were: 12.2% of crude protein (CP), 34.5% of acid detergent fiber (ADF), 57.7% of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), 61.6% of total digestible nutrients (TDN), and 72.3% of in vitro DM digestibility (IVDMD). For Kowinearly, these values were 16.4% of CP, 30.4% of ADF, 52.7% of NDF, 64.9% of TDN and 79.0% of IVDMD.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.88-95
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• 1989

This experiment 'was conducted to investigate the grazing cattle's palatability by the method of grazing time on the pasture dominated orchardgrass and on the pasture dominated perennial ryegrass from June to October, 1987. The experiment was carried out on the experimental field at Livestock Ex- Experiment Station. The results are summarized as follows: 1. In summer, the grazing time on the pasture dominated orchardgrass increased in 49.7 min, 57.4 min, 102 min, 118.7 min, respectively as sward height decreased in 50 cm, 45 cm, 35 cm, 23 cm, respectively and their correlation coefficiet was -0.9722*(P <0.05). 2. In autumn, the grazing time on the pasture dominated perennial ryegrass decreased in 182 min, 98.5 min, 49.4 min, 31.9 min, respectively as sward height decreased in 43 cm, 34 cm, 25 cm, 18 cm, respectively and their correlation coefficient was 0.9684*. (P <0.05). 3. Grazing time increased as sward height increased on the pasture dominated perennial ryegrass because the composition rate of orchardgrass and red clover which were palatability on the plot of the high sward height.was many. It was suggested that the factor that could be first related to palatability on mixture pasture was the factor of species than the factor of sward height. 4. When the eating rate on the plot of the low sward height was over 55% as the grazing day went by, it gradually decreased because the eating rate on it was high but the fresh yield was low. After all it seemed that it affected palatability because forage availability on the plot of the low sward height was degenerating.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.182-189
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• 2020

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculation to domestically-cultivated Italian ryegrass (IRG) on silage fermentation and in vitro ruminal fermentation. There were six treatments based on the LAB inoculants: 1) no addition of LAB (negative control: NC), additions of 2) commercially-available LAB (positive control: PC), 3) Lactobacillus plantarum (LPL), 4) L. paracasei (LPA), 5) L. acidophilus (LA), and 6) L. pentosus (LPT). All treatments were inoculated at a concentration of 10⁶ CFU/g and ensiled for 3, 7, 21, and 42 days in triplicate and analyzed for nutritive values when ensiling was terminated. Day 42 silage from all treatments were also examined for in vitro ruminal fermentation. After 42 days, LAB-inoculated silages had higher (P<0.05) lactic acid concentration compared to the NC. In terms of nutritive values, the silages treated with LPA, LA, and LPT showed higher (P<0.05) crude protein and lower (P<0.05) neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber content compared to the rest of the treatment. In vitro ruminal dry matter degradability was not affected by LAB addition. However, LAB-treated IRG had shown higher (P<0.05) ammonia-N compared with that of the NC. LPA had shown the highest (P<0.05) volatile fatty acid concentration among the LAB examined. In conclusion, the addition of a single strain of LAB appeared to produce a quality IRG silage compared with the NC and the PC. Among the strains examined, LPA seemed to be superior to the others.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.157-166
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• 1997

This study was carried out with aim to find out a tall fescue cultivar which is palatable and resistant to hot climate, and a white clover cultivar which is less competitive with other grasses. Pastures with 3 treatments (TI: Fawn, tall fescue + Regal, white clover + orchardgrass + perennial ryegrass, T2: Roa, tall fescue + Regal, white clover + orchardgrass + perennial ryegrass, T3 : Roa, tall fescue + Tahora, white clover + orchardgrass + perennial ryegrass) were established by oversowing. Under continuous grazing, dry matter yield, soil characteristics, botanical composition and nutrient contents of forages were investigated during the grazing seasons 60m 1994 to 1996. No significant difference were found in establishment percents, physical and chemical characteristics of soil, and nutrient contents of forages between 3 treatments(P>0.05). Dry matter yield of TI, T2 and T3 were 24,188, 23,827 and 23,578kg/ha, respectively. Fawn and Roa, tall fescue cultivars occupied 6.1 and 4.8% of the total plants in 1994, 14.4 and 11.5 % in 1995, and 28.4% and 17.7% in 1996, respectively. These results indicate that Fawn, tall fescue dominantly occupied with time more than Roa, tall fescue. There were no differences in percentage of Regal and Tahora, white clover cultivars(P > 0.05), showing 4.2 and 2.4% in 1994, 16.1 and 17.3% in 1995, and 2.4 and 1.0% in 1996, respectively. The percentage of orchardgrass on mixed pasture decreased after summer season of high temperature, but percentage of Roa, tall fescue slowly increased with time firom 1994 to 1996.