• Title/Summary/Keyword: Rye

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Effects of Incorporation of Green Manure Crops on the Growth of Watermelonand Soil Nitrate Nitrogen Concentration (풋거름작물의 토양환원이 수박의 생육 및 토양의 질산염 농도에 미치는 영향)

  • Lim, Tae-Jun;Park, Jin-Myeon;Le, Seong-Eun
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.37 no.1
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    • pp.28-33
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    • 2018
  • BACKGROUND: In this study, we evaluated the effects of soil incorporation of hairy vetch (HV) or ryeas a green manure on the growth and yields of watermelon and soil nitrate nitrogen in a green house.. METHODS AND RESULTS: HV and rye were cultivated for 151 days after sowing on October 30th and incorporated into soil before transplanting watermelon. The amount of N added by soil incorporation of HV and rye were 79 kg/ha and 88 kg/ha, respectively. Five different N treatments for each of HV and rye were included as follows: green manure, green manure with urea at 25%, 50%or 75%, and 100% ureafor the N recommendation rate. The growth and fruit yield of watermelon were not different among the treatments of both HV and rye. Soil nitrate N content at both HV and rye treatments decreased continuously with the lapse of days after planting (DAP) and was lowest at 75 DAP: 44 mg/kg and 52 mg/kg the for the HV and rye treatment without urea, respectively. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the N mineralized from the soil incorporated HV or rye accounts for an important portion of N available for the growth and fruit yield of watermelon. It can be suggested that the green manures, comparable to ureacould ensure the yield of watermelon, if soil nitrate N content isabove 40 mg/kg by soil incorporation of HV and rye during watermelon cultivation. However, further studies on the relationship between soil nitrate N content during cultivation periods and the fruit yield of watermelon are required.

Effects of Maturity at Harvest and Wilting Days on Quality of Round Baled Rye Silage

  • Kim, J.G.;Chung, E.S.;Seo, S.;Ham, J.S.;Kang, W.S.;Kim, D.A.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.14 no.9
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    • pp.1233-1237
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    • 2001
  • A study was conducted to determine the effects of maturity at harvest and wilting days on the quality of round baled rye (Secale cereale L.) silage. This study was a $3{\times}3$ factorial arrangement in a split plot design with 3 replicates. The main plot was 3 harvesting dates at the stage of boot (20 Apr.), heading (29 Apr.) and flowering (14 May). The subplot was wilting day : 0 (unwilted), 0.5 and 1 day (0, 1, and 2 days at boot stage). Acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents of rye silage were significantly greater than those of rye before ensiling, but crude protein (CP) content and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) were vice versa. Buffering capacity (BC) of rye harvested at flowering stage was decreased from 264 to 202 meq/kg at 1 day wilting, however, it was increased when harvested at boot or heading stage. The pH in wilted silage was the highest while that of flowering stage was the lowest. Water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content of wilting rye was lower than that of unwilted, and the lowest at late harvesting stage. All plots had minimal WSC content for silage fermentation. Wilting treatment and delayed harvesting date caused an increase in dry matter (DM) content of round bale silage. The content of ammonia-N expressed as a portion of total N showed negative correlation with DM content. High quality silage according to ammonia-N content could be obtained from mid-harvest with wilting. There were highly significant differences in each organic acid between harvesting dates and wilting periods. Acetic and butyric acid contents were increased with delayed harvesting and prolonged wilting period, the lactic acid content, however, was decreased. This study demonstrated that harvest of rye from heading to flowering stage with wilting would be a recommendable method for making high quality rye silage using round bale system.

Weed Occurrence as Influenced by Living Mulch, Soil Incorporation and Cutting Treatment of Rye in Organic Soybean Field (호밀 리빙멀치, 토양환원, 예취처리가 유기농 콩밭 잡초 발생에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Byung-Mo;Lee, Ji-Hyun;Oh, Young-Ju;Lee, Sang-Bum;Kang, Chung-Kil;Jee, Hyeong-Jin;Lee, Jong-Hyung
    • Korean Journal of Weed Science
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    • v.30 no.2
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    • pp.164-170
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    • 2010
  • In organic agriculture, cover crops are used for weed control. Cover crops inhibited weed germination or growth by allelopathy or shading effects. In this study, we used rye as cover crop to control weed in organic soybean field. The main treatment was rye using method such as living mulch, incorporating and mowing. Sub-treatment was rye planting density and soybean planting density. One month after soybean sowing, weed emergency and growth had been highly suppressed by rye in all treatments. Living mulch treatment was the best effective way to control the weed about 92%, and mowing treatment was the second about 75% compare to control. The weed control efficiency between rye planting densities was similar during one month. Soybean planting density treatment was same result as rye planting density. As a result of this experiment, we recommend rye as living mulch in one row planting.

Nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide efflux of cropland soil during fallow season (휴경기간 녹비재배 농경지 토양에서 아산화질소 및 이산화탄소 배출특성)

  • Lee, Sun-Il;Kim, Gun-Yeob;Choi, Eun-Jung;Lee, Jong-Sik;Jeong, Hyun-Cheol
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.386-396
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    • 2018
  • Cropland is sources of atmospheric nitrous oxide ($N_2O$) and carbon dioxide ($CO_2$). However, the contribution of the fallow season to emission of these gases has rarely been determined. In this study, a field experiment encompassing three treatments was conducted to determine efflux of $N_2O$ and $CO_2$ in cropland during fallow season. The treatments were hairy vetch (H.V.), rye and control (Con.). The H.V. and rye were sown in middle October and early November, respectively. The soil $N_2O$ efflux among all three treatments in the fallow season (November-April) were $0.014-2.956mg\;N_2O\;m^{-2}{\cdot}d^{-1}$. The cumulative $N_2O$ emissions were $104.4mg\;N_2O\;m^{-2}$ for Con., $85.8mg\;N_2O\;m^{-2}$ for H.V. and $85.0mg\;N_2O\;m^{-2}$ for Rye during the fallow season. The highest $N_2O$ emissions occurred in Con., while H.V. and Rye emissions were similar. Cumulative $CO_2$ emissions were $293.1g\;CO_2\;m^{-2}$ for Con., $242.2g\;CO_2\;m^{-2}$ for H.V., $275.2g\;CO_2\;m^{-2}$ for Rye during fallow season. This study showed that soil $N_2O$ and $CO_2$ average daily emission during fallow season were 28.3% and 27.4%, respectively of the growing season. Our results indicate that $CO_2$ and $N_2O$ emissions from agricultural systems continue throughout the fallow season.

Effect of the Double Cropping at High Altitude Area Which was Cultivated Suitable Forage Crop (고랭지에 적합한 사료작물 2모작 작부체계에 관한 연구)

  • 한성윤;김대진
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.20 no.3
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    • pp.147-154
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    • 2000
  • This study was conducted to increase the utility and productivity of forage crops at high altitued areas. For that purpose, 21 cultivars of corn and 2 cultivars of rye were cultivated for 3 years using a randomized block designed with 3 replications. The results obtained were as follows. 1. In the Taekwallyong area (800m above sea level) which has a short frostless period, all the seeding and harvest of corn must be finished within about 135 days between mid May, the time of the last frost, and late September, the time of the first frost 2. It was relatively safe for the early maturity cultivar(ll0days) and the medium maturity cultivar(l20days), compared to the late maturity cultivar(l30days) which might have had the possibility of an overlapping period between the time of harvest and the first frost in high altitude areas 3. The productivity of forage corn, which is the most efficient crop for capturing solar energy, varied significantly with the climate circumstances but the productivity of Taekwallyong showed similar results of 19 M/T/ha, compared with 20 M/T/ha in Suwon from the '96-'98 study 4. Rye could be cultivated in high altitude areas and when corn was raised as a second crop after rye in the same year, it was possible to increase the productivity of dry matter yield by 20% through double cropping(P < 0.05). (Key words : Cropping system, Corn, Rye, Forage production)

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Effect of Cover Crop Species and Liquid Manure Application Rate on Green Manure Production, Leaf Mineral Content, Fruit Quality and Soil Chemical Properties in Pear Orchard

  • Lee, Seong Eun;Park, Jin Myeon;Park, Young Eun;Choi, Dong Geun
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.47 no.6
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    • pp.558-562
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    • 2014
  • Cover cropping and liquid manure application are considered as effective ways to replace the use of chemical fertilizer in orchard. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of cover crop species and liquid manure application rate on green manure production, leaf mineral content, fruit quality and soil chemical properties in pear orchard. The treatments include rye and hairy vetch as cover crops, two liquid manure application levels based on N and $K_2O$ requirement on each cover crop species, and chemical fertilizer as control. Green manure production was higher in hairy vetch than in rye. K content of pear leaves and soil exchangeable K content increased in N based liquid manure application treatments. The yield was higher in rye + liquid manure and fertilizer treatments, and fruit quality was not different between the treatments. Taking all of these into account, rye + $K_2O$ requirement-based liquid manure application is recommended in pear orchard for not only sufficient nutrient supply but also prevention of any problem related with soil $K_2O$ accumulation in pear orchard in long-term perspective.

Development of tetraploid rye (Secale cereale L.) cultivar in Korea

  • Ku, Ja Hwan;Han, Ouk Kyu;Ahn, Jong Woong;Kweon, Soon Jong
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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    • 2017.06a
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    • pp.75-75
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    • 2017
  • Rye is cultivated on about 30,000ha domestically for forage and green-manure production in Korea. 'Daegokgreen' has been developed as a good quality rye cultivar for forage and green-manure, which was doubled-chromosome by colchicine treatment of diploid rye cultivar 'Gogu' in 2010. By the colchicine treatment with 0.05% for 12 hours at $2^{nd}$ leaf stage of 'Gogu', 31 tetraploid plants were obtained and they produced 2,470 seeds with 135 spikes. There was 4.4 in the number of spikes per plant, 18.3 in grain number per spike, and 37.6 g in the1,000-grain weight. The heading date of 'Daegokgreen' was April 11, which was two days later on average compared with 'Gogu'. The biomass (fresh weight) of 'Daegokgreen' was 3,701kg, which was similar to 'Gogu'. The average crude protein content of 'Daegokgreen' was 8.9%, which was 1.0% point higher than 'Gogu'. 'Daegokgreen' was found to be strong resistant to winter-kill and can be adapted to before maize cultivation.

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Effect of Green-Manure Crop Rotation on Weed Control (녹비작물을 이용한 윤작이 잡초 제어에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Sang-Min;Lee, Byung-Mo;Lee, Youn;Lee, Yong-Hwan;Sung, Jwa-Kyung;Yun, Hong-Bae;Choi, Hyun-Sug
    • Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.201-209
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    • 2012
  • This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of crop rotation on the weed occurrence in green onion and red pepper cultivation. Rye and hairy vetch were annually seeded for winter season. The reduction of weed germination was pronounced by about 50% in green onion field, but was not significant in red pepper field through rye cropping. Among weed species, the germination of Abutilon theophrasti, Cyperus iria and Digitaria ciliaris was distinctly inhibited by exudate of rye root, but not by that of hairy vetch in vitro experiment. The return of rye biomass into onion field decreased amount of weed biomass but increased index of weed diversity.

On accessory chromosomes in Secale cereale (IV) Further study on ferquency and geographical distribution of rye with accessory chromosomes in Korea (호밀의 부속염색체에 관한 연구(IV) 한국산 호밀의 부속염색체의 출현빈도 (속보))

  • 이웅직
    • Journal of Plant Biology
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.31-35
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    • 1968
  • Further study on the frequency and geographical distribution of rye with accessory chromosomes in Korea was carried out in 1996. All of the 15 populations of rye investigated were found to have accessory chromosomes and the frequencies of accessories were ranged from 15 to 54%. The study from 1963 to 1966 shows that the frequency of accessory ranging from 30 to 40% is predominant.

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ON ACCESSORY CHROMOSOMES IN SECALE CEREALE (II) The inheritance of accessory chromosomes in rye. (호밀의 부속염색체의 유전)

  • 이웅직
    • Journal of Plant Biology
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    • v.9 no.1_2
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    • pp.22-24
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    • 1966
  • 1. Number of accessory chromosomes in the progenies of rye which were obtained from mother plants having 2, 4, and 6 accessory chromosomes by open pollination were observed. The result was shown in the Table 1. 2. Cross between the plant with 14 ordinary chromosomes having chromsome breakage and normal plant with 14 ordinary chromosomes was carried out. A plant among the progeny of this cross was found to have two accessory chromosomes in addition to 14 ordinary chromosomes. This phenomenon may be useful to postulzte the possible origin of accessory chromosome in rye.

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