• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.343-346
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• 2000

Rye breeding using F$_1$ hybrid began about 30 years ago, when cytoplasmically inherited forms of male sterility (CMS) and corresponding nuclear restorers were detected. It is very important to produce inbred lines for making hybrid lines because of strong self-incompatibility in rye. Among the 456 rye germplasms used in hybrid breeding scheme, 24 lines (5.3%) had the above 60% of self-fertility, and six lines of them were selected for their good agronomic characteristics and were used for subsequent inbreeding program. The average self-fertility of selected six lines was 78.4%, ranging from 72.2 to 99.5%. Genetic analysis for the self-fertility using $F_2$ populations showed that the segregation of self-fertile and sterile plants in F$_2$populations could be fit into 3 to 1 ratio suggesting self-fertility in rye be controlled by one major gene. The four different self-fertile lines, PI237923, 5C11, 5G5 and Florida black, had the same self-fertility gene because their F$_2$ plants showed almost the same self-fertility as their parents and showed no genetic segregation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.997-1002
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• 2005

The objective of this experiment was to determine agronomic characteristics, and forge yield and quality responses of rye variety to location and year for a double-cropping system in South Korea. Five forage rye varieties ('Koolgrazer', 'Jlee select', '9909', 'Homill22', 'Danko') were evaluated for forage quality and yields during the two growing years (the First year; 2001-2002, and the Second year; 2002-2003) at two locations (the central and southern zone). The heading date of rye in the central zone (Cheonan) was 15 April, and that of the southern zone (Daegu) was 10 April. The heading dates of 'Koolgrazer', 'Jlee select' and '9909' were earlier than those of the others. Although the five varieties had resistance to foliar diseases and insects, these had less lodging resistance. Dry matter (DM) content, DM and total digestible nutrients (TDN) yields had significant differences among rye varieties. DM and TDN yields of the rye varieties at the second year were higher than the first year in the central zone. In the southern zone, DM and TDN yields at the first year were lower than the second year. 'Jlee select' and '9909' had higher DM and TDN yields than the other varieties in both location and year except the first year of the central zone (p<0.001). The crude protein (CP) contents of rye grown in Cheonan were higher than Daegu. The CP content of 'Danko' variety was highest among tested varieties. The acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents were greater for the varieties grown in Cheonan and in the second year. The ADF and NDF contents of 'Danko' were lowest, while 'Danko' in TDN and relative feed value (RFV) was highest among rye varieties. Our study showed that there are differences in forage production and quality from location to location, year to year and variety to variety. Therefore, forage quality and forage production are an important factor for screening forage rye varieties. Early maturing varieties should be recommended as high-yielding forage in a double-cropping system because their production of forage was greatest early in the season.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.659-666
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• 2022

The effect of rye B chromosome (rye B) on chromosome association was investigated in meiosis of wheat addition line. The wheat addition line was with one Leymus mollis chromosome and one L. racemosus chromosome which are under homoeologous relationship. Chromosome behavior of the two Leymus chromosomes in wheat genetic background was revealed by genomic in situ hybridization. In the first metaphase, most of the two Leymus chromosomes showed univalent in the wheat addition line without rye B (98.1 ± 0.5%). On the other hand, the wheat addition line with rye B showed higher frequency of bivalent (10.3 ± 0.2%) than wheat addition line without rye B (1.9 ± 0.5%). The wheat addition line without rye B showed abnormal bivalents with abnormal structure while the wheat addition line with rye B showed normal bivalent in low frequency. By rye B, some bivalent was composed of wheat and L. racemosus, and some trivalent was composed of wheat bivalents with L. mollis chromosome. Also, some wheat bivalents showed hyper-crossover, so those wheat bivalents showed abnormal structure compared to other wheat bivalents with normal structure such as ring, rod, and pan.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.137-137
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• 2017

Rice has important role as a primary food resource in especially the Asia, Korea, China, India, Indonesia and Japan. After development and increasingly using artificial chemical fertilizer, rice is getting high quality and quantity to satisfy ever-increasing people. On the other hand, the earth environment is more polluted each day. Nowadays consumers are looking for the organic crops or foods that were grown with eco-friendly method and in pure farmland. With the immergence of this trend, it is time to development environmentally-friendly agriculture. One of the methods is growing green manure crops in winter or spring on the fields. For this reasons, growing rye and Italian ryegrass are useful to use green manure to enhance rice production without chemical fertilizers and make the property of the soil eco-friendly. To know how improve the quality and quantity of rice with green manures, rye and Italian ryegrass, first the characteristics of green manure corps were measured. Dry matter yields of the rye and Italian ryegrass were 2.21 and $1.81t\;Ha^{-1}$. And the percentages of the dry matter were 28 and 32%. And, analyzed mineral components in rye and Italian ryegrass were nitrogen, organic matter, $P_2O_5$, CaO, $C_2O$ and MgO. Specially, the percentages of the organic matter and the CaO between rye and Italian ryegrass have difference appreciably. the height of the rice on the Italian ryegrass-fertilized field was the highest among the variant fields. The height of the rice on the non-fertilized field was the lowest. Yield of the Italian ryegrass-, rye- and non-fertilized rice are 805.2, 639.9 and $415.3kg\;10a^{-1}$. At the result, Italian ryegrass is the most effective green manure among the 3 treated-fertilized.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.6-14
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• 1963

YIM, Kyong Bin (Coll. of Agriulture, Seoul National University) Effect of neutron and gamma irradiation on the germination of diploid and tetraploid rye seeds. Kor. Jour. Bot. VI(3):6-14, 1964. Tetraploid rye, Secale cereale 4x, was more tolerant to fast nuetron than diploid rye. Root growth was more suppressed than was seedling height in both diploid and tetraploid rye. A stimmulative effect on the dry weight of the shoot could be observed at very low doses of irradiation. It was the fact that the lower the moisture content of the seeds, the higher the radiosensitivity. Concerning seedling height growth, the effectiveness ratio of N/X equalled about 20.0 in diploid rye and about 18.2 in tettraploid rye, when the 50% dose ratios is used for this quotient calculaiton.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.89-94
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• 1998

A field experiment was carried out to determine the effects of chemical drying agents at mowing on the field drying rate of alfalfa (cv. Vernal) and rye (cv. Koolgrazer) for hastening hay manuf8cture. In alfalfa; chemicals ($K_2CO_3$ 2% $K_2CO_3$ 3% $Na_2CO_3$ 2% $CaCO_3$, 2% $K_2CO_3$2% + $Na_2CO_3$, 1% only water spray and control) were treated at early bloom stage in 1995. Chemicals ($K_2CO_3$, 2%, $Na_2CO_3$, 2% $CaCO_3$, 2% and control) were applicated at different harvest stages (early heading, heading and bloom) in rye, 1996. The drying rate of alfalfa by $K_2CO_3$ treatment among chemicals was higher than control, and the duration of field dry was shortened by one day with $K_2CO_3$ application, but there was no difference in drying efficiency between $K_2CO_3$ 2% and $K_2CO_3$ 3%. In rye, however, no moisture reduction by chemicals was observed. The days required for field dry were 6, 4, and 3 days at warly heading heading and bloom stage respectively; regardless of chemical drying agents and conbol. The nutritive value of rye hay with chemicals at baling was very slightly higher than control, but there was no significant difference. Also, no difference of hay quality was found among drying agents. In conclusion, $K_2CO_3$can enhance the field drying rate of alfalfa hay, but the drying efficiency was not high, particularly in rye hay. Harvesting at early heading to heading stage was desirable for manufacture of high quality rye hay.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.231-238
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of vegetative buffer to reduce runoff and soil and nutrient loss at highland agricultural area. The soil of experimental field was classified as Ungyo series (Fine, Humic Hapludults). An area of each field with lysimeter was $50m^2(width\;2.5m{\times}length\;20m)$ and was a gradient of 17%. Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L.) was cultivated by general management in each field. For establishing vegetative buffer, rye (Secalecereale L.), tall fescue (Festucaarundinacea Schreb) and orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata L.) were planted at the edge of field. Rye buffers were 1m, 2m and 4m wide. Both orchard grass and tall fescue buffers were 2m wide. Vegetative buffers were set up in September 2005 and chinese cabbage was planted in June 2006. Soil loss, runoff and nutrient loss were measured from June to August in 2006. Since the precipitation amount was heavy in July, amounts of runoff, soil erosion and nutrient loss were the highest in July during this study period. In comparison with control, vegetative buffers of rye 2m, orchard grass 2m and tall fescue 2m reduced runoff by 3%, 1% and 2%, respectively. In comparison among width of rye buffer, rye 1m, rye 2m, and rye 4m reduced by 1%, 4% and 13%, respectively. Vegetative buffers of rye 2m, orchard grass 2m and tall fescue 2m showed the reducing of soil loss by 59%, 46% and 28%, respectively. In comparison among width of rye buffer, the highest reducing effect of 88% was observed in 4m treatment. Additionally, vegetative buffer reduced N, P and K losses in runoff and eroded soil which were 10 to 54%, 7 to 24% and 11 to 21%, respectively. In different widths, wider vegetative buffer showed lower loss of N, P and K in runoff and eroded soil. As a result of this study, the vegetative buffer of rye was most effective for reducing runoff and soil loss in comparisons with other plants. In addition, wider range of buffers recommended for reducing runoff and soil loss, if possible.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.238-246
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• 1994

This experiment was carried out to determine the effects of seeding date and fall harvest method on the growth characteristics, forage yield and quality of winter rye(Seca1e cereale L.) at the forage experimental field, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, SNU, Suweon from 5 September 1992 to 21 May 1993. The experiment was arranged in a split plot design with three replications. Main plots consisted of three harvests, no defoliation, cutting and grazing. Sub-plots consisted of seeding dates, early(5 September), mid(25 September) and late(l0 October). The results obtained are summari7d as follows; I . A 3-day difference in the first heading of rye was observed between no defoliation and fall grazing, while there was a 6day difference between early and late seeding dates. Therefore, the effect of seeding dates on the fist heading date of rye was larger than that of fall harvest methods. 2. CP content of rye with fall grazing was slightly higher averaged 16.5% compared with both fall cutting and no defoliated 1ye(15.6%). Mean CP content of rye at the early, mid and late seeding dates was 14.2, 14.5 and 19.1 %, respectively. 3. ADF content of rye was slightly higher with both fall cutting(29.99) and no defoliation(29.5%) than that of fall grazing(28.0%). ADF content of rye at the early, mid and late seeding dates was 30.7, 29.1 and 27.7%, respectively. Effect of fall harvest methods and seeding dates on NDF content of rye were similar to the observations made on ADF. 4. RFV and IVDMD of rye were lower with both no defoliation and fall cutting than fall grazing. but those of rye slightly increased with seeding dates progressed. 5. Dry matter yield of rye was the highest of 6,779 kg/ha with fall cutting, while the lowest yield of 6,240 kg/ha was obtained from no defoliation But no significant difference was found among the harvest methods. Dry matter yield of rye was significantly declined with later seedings. It is concluded that the highest forage yield of rye be possible from two harvest systems of fall and spring with earlier seeding rather than from one harvest system of spring.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.289-294
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• 2008

This experiment was conducted at college of Agriculture and Life Science in Chungnam National University from September, 2004 to June, 2007 in order to evaluate the mixture possibility between barley and rye in the area of Daejeon. Rye (cultivar; Koolgrazer) and barley (cultivar; Daeyeon Bori) were set for the experiment. The experiment was arranged in four treatments: R100 (rye 100%), R60 + B40(rye 60% + barley 40%), R50% + B50% (rye 50% + barley 50%), and R40% + B60% (rye 40% + barley 60%). The experiment was repeated three times in the randomized complete block. The average dry matter (DM) yield for three years of R100 weighed 9,282 kg and its DM yield was higher than any other DM yield. The higher the barley seed rates are, the lower the DM yield is (p<0.05). As the barley seed rates increased 40%, 50%, and 60% respectively, its vegetative percentage tended to increase 30%, 41%, and 47%, but the barley vegetative percentage against its seed rates did bring forth somewhat low results. Compared with R100, the contents of crude protein (CP) and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) got higher as the barley seed rates became higher, while the contents of NDF, ADF, cellulose, and lignin were lower (p<0.05). Compared with R100, the yields of crude protein dry matter (CPDM) and digestible dry matter (DDM) showed lower in the any mixed barley (p<0.05). Thus, in case of using barley mixed with rye in the area of Daejeon, it seems to be quite difficult, unless the supply of high-productive barley variety is followed, to enhance the yields of DM, CPDM, and DDM.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.233-240
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• 2002

Hairy vetch(Vicia villosa Roth) which is legume fur winter cover crop can supply nitrogen for companion crop and soil. The purpose of this study was to improve the forage quality and productivity using forage crop and hairy vetch in winter season fer three years. The results of this experiments were summarized as follows. Plant height of rye was decreased but hairy vetch was increased. The heading stage of rye did not show difference among the treatments. The content of dry mater(DM) was decreased with increased ratio of hairy vetch/rye but it did not show significant difference between seeding methods. Crude protein(CP) content tended to increase in mixture plots. Acid detergent fiber(ADF) and NDF(neutral detergent fiber) content of mixture plots were lower than that of rye mono-cultivated. In vitro dry matter digestibility(IVDMD) and TDN(total digestible nutrient) content were showed inverted tendency. The highest DM yield was in rye mono-cultivated, but it was similar between mono-cultivated and mixture I (P<0.05). In the CP yield, it did not show the significant difference between rye mono-culture and mixture I . The content of total nitrogen in soil showed slight increase as 0.06∼0.08%. Conclusively, mixture I showed equal or superior productivity and quality comparing with rye mono-cultivated, mixture I would be recommended to produce higher yield and to conserve soil environment.