• 제목/요약/키워드: Russian current

검색결과 86건 처리시간 0.027초

The Effects of Isokinetic Exercise on Knee Joint Combined Russian Current Stimulation

  • Kim, Dong-Hoon;Jung, Ho-Bal
    • The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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    • 제27권5호
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    • pp.351-355
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    • 2015
  • Purpose: This study was conducted to determine how stimulation using Russian current changes isokinetic exercise performance of quadriceps muscle and its antagonist muscles. Methods: Subjects were 20 20-year-old healthy adults who were instructed in the flexion to extension of knees in angular velocity $60^{\circ}/sec$ and $180^{\circ}/sec$ using a Biodex (Biodex system 3). We measured the difference in muscle performance between the Russian current stimulated at the same time during the flexion to extension of knees and not stimulated. Results: The results showed that when Russian current stimulation was applied at the angular velocity $60^{\circ}/sec$, the flexed and extended muscles and the angular velocity $180^{\circ}/sec$ increased significantly, but the peak torque of flexing muscles at the angular velocity $180^{\circ}/sec$ did not increase. Conclusion: These findings suggest that Russian current stimulation with isokinetic exercise of the knee joint could affect the quadriceps muscle and its antagonist muscle performance of muscle strength and endurance.

정상성인에서 러시안 전류와 저주파 전류 자극에 의한 근력 증가의 비교 (A Comparison of Muscle Strength by Russian Current and Low Frequency Current Stimulation in Normal Adult)

  • 김종열
    • 대한물리의학회지
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    • 제6권3호
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    • pp.353-360
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    • 2011
  • Purpose : The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of muscle strength by stimulation of russian current and low frequency. Methods : The subjects were thirty young healthy volunteers who were divided into two groups including russian current group(n=15) and low frequency group(n=15). The intervention was applied totally 12 times (1 time, 10 minute) for 4weeks in each group. The peak torque and average power were measured and analysed using Biodex system 4 before the treatment, after 2 weeks, 4 weeks. Results : As a result, russians currents and low frequency stimulation increased significantly average power and peak torque with the lapse of time. However, there were not significant differences of the average power and peak torque between the groups in all periods. Conclusion : In conclusion, russians currents and low frequency stimulation had no differences in the increase of muscle strength.

Field emission from non-conjugated polymers

  • Ionov, A.N.;Popov, E.O.;Svetlichnyi, V.M.;Nikolaeva, M.N.;Pashkevich, A.A.
    • 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국정보디스플레이학회 2004년도 Asia Display / IMID 04
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    • pp.931-932
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    • 2004
  • We investigated a great number of polymer materials. The parameters affecting on its emission properties (namely, film thickness, temperature of polymer preparation. metal substrates and so on) were studied. We observed that emission distributed overfull polymer surface, with current densities up to several hundreds ${\mu}A/cm^2$. Some polymer samples have shown high current emission properties up to 50 ${\mu}A$ in DC and more then 1.5 mA in sinusoidal regimes.

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Investigation of 0.5 MJ superconducting energy storage system by acoustic emission method.

  • Miklyaev, S.M.;Shevchenko, S.A.;Surin, M.I.
    • 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 전력전자학회 1998년도 Proceedings ICPE 98 1998 International Conference on Power Electronics
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    • pp.961-965
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    • 1998
  • The rapid development of small-scale (1-10 MJ) Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage Systems (SMES) can be explained by real perspective of practical implementation of these devices in electro power nets. However the serious problem of all high mechanically stressed superconducting coils-problem of training and degradation (decreasing) of operating current still exists. Moreover for SMES systems this problems is more dangerous because of pulsed origin of mechanical stresses-one of the major sources of local heat disturbances in superconducting coils. We investigated acoustic emission (AE) phenomenon on model and 0.5 MJ SMES coils taking into account close correlation of AE and local heat disturbances. Two-coils 0.5 MJ SMES system was developed, manufactured and tested at Russian Research Center in the frames of cooperation with Korean Electrical Engineering Company (KEPCO) [1]. The two-coil SMES operates with the stored energy transmitted between coils in the course of a single cycle with 2 seconds energy transfer time. Maximum operating current 1.55 kA corresponds to 0.5 MF in each coil. The Nb-Ti-based conductor was designed and used for SMES manufacturing. It represents transposed cable made of Nb-Ti strands in copper matrix, several cooper strands and several stainless steel strands. The coils are wound onto fiberglass cylindrical bobbins. To make AE event information more useful a real time instrumentation system was used. Two main measured and computer processed AE parameters were considered: the energy of AE events (E) and the accumulated energy of AE events (E ). Influence of current value in 0.5 MJ coils on E and E was studied. The sensors were installed onto the bobbin and the external surface of magnets. Three levels of initial current were examined: 600A, 1000A, 2450 A. An extraordinary strong dependence of the current level on E and E was observed. The specific features of AE from model coils, operated in sinusoidal vibration current changing mode were investigated. Three current frequency modes were examined: 0.012 Hz, 0.03 Hz and 0.12 Hz. In all modes maximum amplitude 1200 A was realized.

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Role of Magnetic Field Configuration in a Performance of Extended Magnetron Sputtering System with a Cylindrical Cathode

  • Chun, Hui-Gon;Sochugov, Nikolay S.;You, Yong-Zoo;Soloviv, Andrew A.;Zakharov, Alexander N,
    • 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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    • 제2권3호
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    • pp.19-23
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    • 2003
  • Extended unbalanced magnetron sputtering system based on the cylindrical magnetron with a rotating cathode was developed. The unbalanced configuration of magnetic field was realized by means of additional lines of permanent magnets, placed along both sides of a 89 mm outer diameter and 600 mm long cylindrical cathode. The performance of the unbalanced magnetron was assessed in terms of the ion current density and the ion-to-atom ratio incident at the substrate. Furthermore, the paper presents the comparison of the internal plasma parameters, such as the electron temperature, electron density, plasma and floating potentials, measured by a Langmuir probe in various positions from the cathode, for conventional and unbalanced constructions of the cylindrical magnetron. The plasma density and ion current density are about 3-5 times higher than those of conventional one, in the unbalanced magnetron in a 0.24 Pa Ar atmosphere with a DC cathode power of 3 kW.

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러시안 전류 자극이 하지 골절 후 회복기 환자의 넙다리네갈래근육의 근수행력과 근활성도에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Russian Current Stimulation on Muscular Performance and Muscle Activity of Quadriceps Femoris Muscle of Convalescent Patient after Leg Fracture)

  • 정병옥;방현수
    • 디지털융복합연구
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    • 제12권7호
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    • pp.365-370
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    • 2014
  • 본 연구에서는 하지 골절 후 회복기 환자에게 러시안전류 자극이 넙다리네갈래근의 근수행력과 활성도에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 실시하였다. 본 연구는 2013년 1월 9일에서 2013년 3월 16일까지 실시하였으며, 하지 골절 후 회복기에 있는 환자 20명을 대상으로 실험을 실시하였다. 러시아 전류자극기의 큰 도자를 넙다리네갈래근의 근위부에 위치하고, 작은 도자는 원위부에 부착시키고 한 주에 세 번, 6주 동안 적용하였다. 대상자의 넙다리네갈래근의 근활성도를 측정하기 위해 근전도가 이용되었고, 근수행력을 측정하기 위해 등속성기기가 이용되었다. 연구결과 기간별 넙다리네갈래근의 근수행력 차이는 러시안전류 치료 전과 비교하여 4주 후와 6주 후에서 유의한 근수행력의 증가를 나타내었다. 또한 넙다리곧은근, 안쪽넓은근, 가쪽넓은근의 근활성도는 치료 전과 비교하여 4주 후와 6주에서 유의한 증가를 나타내었다. 이와 같은 결과는 러시안 전류가 하지 골절 등과 같은 문제로 인해 약화된 하지 근육의 근력 강화를 위해 선택될 수 있는 효과적 치료 방법이라 할 수 있다.

러시아 자동차 시장과 우리나라 수출항만 판도 변화에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Change of Dominion in Russian Automotive Industry and Korea Port to Export Cars to the Russia)

  • 이언경;김주미;정동훈
    • 정보화연구
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    • 제11권3호
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    • pp.359-369
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    • 2014
  • 본 연구의 목적은 러시아 자동차 시장의 현황을 살펴보고, 우리나라 수출항만의 판도 변화를 분석하여 대 러시아 자동차 수출물류구조를 파악하는 것이다. 우선 문헌 및 자료 조사를 통해 현재 러시아 자동차 시장의 현황 및 구조, 성장잠재력 등에 대해서 분석하였다. 그다음 우리나라의 러시아 수출 현황 및 우리나라 항만별 수출 현황에 대해서 조사하였고, BCG 매트릭스 기법을 통해 각 항만별 전망에 대해서 분석하였다. 분석 결과 러시아 자동차 시장은 성장가능성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 2013년도를 기준으로 추후 3~5년 후의 러시아 주요 자동차 수출항만을 예측한 결과 포항항이 시장점유율과 시장성장세가 모두 높아 현재의 시장지위를 유지할 것으로 전망된다. 이에 반해 광양항, 부산항, 울산항은 현재 성장세가 상대적으로 하락하고 있어 시장점유율이 감소할 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 인천항은 시장점유율이 10% 이상이고, 시장성장세도 매우 높아 Cash Cow 시장이 될 것으로 예상된다. 향후 대 러시아 자동차 수출 항만물동량을 증가시키기 위해서는 우리나라의 대 러시아 주요 수출 항만들을 대상으로 국내외 자동차의 수출 물량의 흐름 및 구조를 파악하여 차별화된 서비스를 제공하는 방안을 강구하는 것이 필요할 것이라고 제시하였다. 성공적인 서비스 정책을 항만에 적용하기 위해서는 기존에 실시되었던 다양한 항만 서비스 정책 등의 성과를 평가해야 한다. 그리고 엔터프라이즈 아키텍쳐(EA) 프레임웍을 적용하여 효율적이고 효과적인 서비스 정책을 수립하는 연구를 수행하는 것이 필요하다.

Principle of Proportionality of Contractual Penalty in Arbitral Awards in Russia

  • Eunok Park;Liliia Andreevskikh
    • Journal of Korea Trade
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    • 제27권1호
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    • pp.176-191
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    • 2023
  • Purpose - When recovered through arbitration a contractual penalty that is disproportionately high can become grounds for challenging an arbitral award or an obstacle to its enforcement within Russian jurisdiction. This article investigates how violation of the principle of proportionality can affect the enforcement and challenging of arbitral awards in Russia. Based on the examination of the current legislation, along with the analysis of recent court cases on the subject, the ultimate object of this article is to discern practical recommendations for Korean practitioners who are looking to challenge and/or enforce arbitral awards in Russian courts. Design/methodology - The research process included the reviewing of current Russian legislation conducted in concurrence with academic literature review, searching and analyzing recent court cases where the relevant legal provisions and concepts were applied, and formulating practical implications of the research at its final stage. Findings - Through its relation to the principle of fairness/justice the authors establish the connection between the principle of proportionality and the public policy of Russia. Analysis of recent court cases showed two conflicting trends of whether a disproportionate penalty can be considered a public policy violation. The authors offer practical recommendations on how to substantiate a relevant claim regarding contractual penalty reduction by the court, depending on the desired outcome. Originality/value - The article contains an up-to-date summary of the legal provisions on the principle of proportionality of civil liability in Russia and identifies the most recent trends in court practice on the issue that is not covered by existing studies.

Public Policy Exception under Russian Law as a Ground for Refusing Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards

  • Andreevskikh, Liliia;Park, Eun-ok
    • 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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    • 제32권3호
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    • pp.47-70
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    • 2022
  • This paper studies legal regulation of the public policy exception in the Russian Federation and domestic judicial practice on the issue. It reviews current legislation and analyzes a number of recent court cases where an arbitral award rendered by a foreign arbitration body was refused recognition and enforcement based on public policy violation. By doing so, it contributes to the knowledge on the concept of public policy in the Russian legal system and how public policy can affect the process of recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards on its territory. The review of court cases demonstrates different aspects of how the public policy exception can be applied by Russian arbitrazh courts. Such decisions can provide a clearer picture of the kinds of situation that can lead to invoking the public policy clause by the court. Also, it is of practical value as persons preparing to file a claim or to be a defendant in a Russian court can be required to present existing court decisions in support of their claim or defence.

SrAl2Si2O8 ceramic matrices for 90Sr immobilization obtained via spark plasma sintering-reactive synthesis

  • Papynov, E.K.;Belov, A.A.;Shichalin, O.O.;Buravlev, I. Yu;Azon, S.A.;Golub, A.V.;Gerasimenko, A.V.;Parotkina, Yu. А.;Zavjalov, A.P.;Tananaev, I.G.;Sergienko, V.I.
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • 제53권7호
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    • pp.2289-2294
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    • 2021
  • In the present study, an original spark plasma sintering-reactive synthesis (SPS-RS) method for minerallike ceramic materials based on SrAl2Si2O8 feldspar-like skeleton structure was used for the first time, promising solid-state matrices for reliable immobilization of high-energy 90Sr. The method is based on the "in-situ" reaction of a mixture of SrO, Al2O3 and SiO2 oxides when heated by a unipolar pulsed current under compacting pressure. The phase and elemental composition structure were studied. The dynamics of the consolidation of the reaction mixture of oxides was studied in the range of 900-1200 ℃. The study found the temperature of the high-speed (minutes) SPS-RS formation of single-phase SrAl2Si2O8 composition ceramic in the absence of intermediate reaction products with a relative density of up to 99.2% and compressive strength up to 145 MPa and a strontium leaching rate of 10-4g/cm2·day.