• 제목/요약/키워드: Rural houses

검색결과 350건 처리시간 0.023초

재배환경 및 과실 숙도가 오디의 미생물학적 부하량에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Cultivation Environment and Fruit Ripeness on Microbial Load in Mulberry)

  • 류송희;윤보현;김혜영;최아현;김세리;김원일;류재기;한상현
    • 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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    • 제32권1호
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    • pp.1-7
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    • 2017
  • 본 연구는 안전하고 위생적인 오디 생산을 위한 기초자료를 확보하고자 수행하였다. 오디 재배 농가 6개소를 방문하여 숙도별 오디 시료를 재배형태에 따라 수집하여 미생물 부하량을 분석하였다. 오디의 총 호기성 일반세균수를 요인분석한 결과 재배형태와 숙도의 상호작용은 없었고, 재배형태와 숙도가 각각 총 호기성세균 수에 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 재배형태에 따라서는 하우스 재배 오디에서 평균 5.32 log CFU/g, 노지 재배 오디에서 평균 6.88 log CFU/g이 검출되어 하우스 재배에 비해 노지 재배에서 총 호기성세균의 수가 유의적으로 높은 것을 알 수 있었다. 숙도에 따라서는 초록색 오디에서 5.39 log CFU/g, 빨간색 오디에서 평균 4.32 log CFU/g, 검은색 오디에서 평균 7.32 log CFU/g로 검출되어 초록색 오디와 빨간색 오디에 비해 검은색 오디에서 총 호기성세균의 수가 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 노지재배에서 외부환경에 오염원이 있을 경우 오디의 미생물 부하량에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 가축출입이 없는 구역과 가축출입이 있는 구역의 토양과 오디 시료의 위생지표세균 수를 조사하였다. 가축출입이 없는 구역에서는 대장균군 및 대장균이 검출되지 않았으나 가축출입이 있는 구역의 경우 대장균이 토양에서 4.26~4.94 log CFU/g, 오디에서 5.03~6.07 log CFU/g 수준으로 검출되었다. 뽕나무 밑에 닭을 키우거나 염소가 출입할 경우 가축분변에 의해 토양이 오염될 수 있고, 오염된 토양과의 접촉을 통해 오디에도 미생물이 오염될 가능성이 있다고 보인다. 따라서 생과용 오디 생산을 목적으로 뽕나무를 재배할 경우에는 농장 내에 가축 출입을 제한하고 토양이 오염되지 않도록 관리할 필요가 있다. 숙도가 증가할수록 오디의 미생물 오염도가 높아지는지를 분석하기 위해 숙도별 오디 (초록색, 빨간색, 검은색 오디)에 각각 대장균을 접종하여 시간의 흐름에 따른 대장균의 밀도변화를 조사하였다. 초록색 오디는 두 온도에서 모두 대장균이 증식하지 않았지만, 빨간색 오디와 검은색 오디 시료에서는 $20^{\circ}C$ 약 2 log CFU/g, $37^{\circ}C$ 약 4 log CFU/g 증가하였고, 빨간색 오디보다 검은색 오디에서 더 빠른 시간 내에 증가하는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 따라서 오디 열매가 익어갈수록 당도가 높아져 대장균이 증식하기 쉬우므로 오디가 유해 미생물에 오염되지 않도록 사전에 예방하는 것이 중요하다.

2 Cropping systems using field crops in unheated plastic house at paddy field

  • Shin, Jung-Ho;Moon, Jin-Young;Song, Jae-Ki;Choi, Yong-Jo;Hong, Kwang-Pyo
    • 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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    • pp.279-279
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    • 2017
  • In Korea, the single span unheated plastic house cultivated crops from autumn to spring of the following year, removed the plastic film and frame, cultivated rice, set up a plastic house again and cultivated crops. The crops in the greenhouse are utilized mainly for the production of leaf vegetables such as lettuce, leek, and fruit vegetables such as strawberry, watermelon, oriental melon, etc. and raising high income. Because, the production of these crops has characteristics requiring a lot of labor and it is difficult to produce horticultural crops at unheated plastic houses as the rural population ages. Therefore, we conducted a test to develop a crop planting system to cultivate crops in single span unheated plastic houses, although the utilization of labor is less than that of horticultural crops. The prior cropping cultivated three cultivars of sweet potatoes early, the second produced cultivated sweet potatoes, corn and soybeans. In the cultivation of the previous cropping, the sweet potatoes were harvested on the 113th day after planting on March 30th, the yield was 822 kg/10a for Pungwonmi, 1,377 kg/10a for Jinhongmi, 1,483 kg/10a for the Dahomi. Because of differences, the yield of Pungwonmi cultivar was less than that other cultivars and the yield of open field cultivations, we will expect further research. In the cultivation of the succeeding crops sweet potatoes were planted on July 27 and harvested 110 days later and investigated. The product yield of Pungwonmi cultivar was 1,024 kg/10a, and the Jinhongmi, Dahomi cultivars were not at economic level for sale and were necessary to review. In succeeding-crops, corn tested the Ilmichal cultivar, seeded on 27th July, harvested on October 11th. The day of silking was 45 days after sowing, the yield was 1,156 kg/10a, the goods rate was 100% level. The beans in the succeeding cultivation crop were sowed on 27th July, the early maturing of the varieties coming to Hwangeumol and Saeol cultivar, on 17th October, the late maturing soybean Daewonkong cultivar were harvested on October 21st. The yield of early maturing two cultivars was 214 kg/10a, Daewonkong was 257 kg/10a, and 100 seeds weight which were more than the early maturing beans were also heavy. When calculating these incomes price-wise according to the harvest time, we were able to consider the income in the order of corn, sweet potato and soybean from the second term crop. Various studies such as varieties, mulching method, moisture management, control environment management, etc. are considered necessary to develop cropping systems with sweet potato and field crops in future unheated plastic house.

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AHP기법을 활용한 韓中(한중) 전통마을의 자원중요도 평가항목 비교 (Comparison with Factors of Resource Importance for Traditional Village Between Korea and China Using AHP Method)

  • 임광순;왕애하;김태경
    • 한국전통조경학회지
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    • 제33권3호
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    • pp.95-102
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    • 2015
  • 본 연구는 전통마을 보전과 개발에 적용할 수 있는 자원 평가기준 및 한국과 중국 전문가들 사이에서 나타나는 전통마을 자원 중요도 차이점을 도출하기 위하여 두 나라 관련 전문가를 대상으로 전통마을 자원에 대하여 AHP기반의 설문조사를 실시하였다. 평가항목은 전통마을 자원의 중요도 및 우선순위 도출을 목표로 3계층으로 구분하였다. 분석결과 Level 1에서는 자연자원, Lavel 2에서는 환경자원, 역사자원, 시설자원, Lavel 3에서는 공기, 지형, 전통주택, 농업경관, 공동생활시설, 도농교류활동, 씨족활동 등의 인자가 중요한 것으로 나타났으며, 한국과 중국 두 그룹에서 가장 중요하다고 평가한 인자는 동일하게 나타났다. 평가항목별 종합적인 중요도는 공기, 수질, 소음, 전통주택, 지형, 공동생활시설 등 인자가 한국과 중국 두 그룹에서 상대적으로 중요한 것으로 나타났다. 즉 전통마을은 문화자원요소들을 보전해야 한다는 필연성을 의무처럼 가지고 있지만 질 좋은 자연환경의 관리가 우선적으로 필요하다. 본 연구의 결과는 한국과 중국 전통마을 자원의 중요도에 대한 비교가 되었을 뿐만 아니라 전통마을의 보전과 관리를 위한 자원별 순위와 배점을 산출함으로써 두 나라 전통마을 자원 평가 시 정량적인 데이터 결과를 각각 적용할 수 있는 방안이 될 것으로 기대한다.

한국 농촌자연부락의 녹지체계에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Open Space System in Korean Rural Settlement.)

  • 문석기
    • 한국조경학회지
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    • 제15권2호
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    • pp.43-56
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    • 1987
  • The concept of ‘Open Space’ is conceived to be very valuable subject of interest in developing modern settlement system. In Korea, many new and old residential sites have been developed or renewed to fulfil the housing demands. And such trends seem to continue for the time being. What is more, the requirments for more comfortable residential environments, that is deeply concerned with ‘Open Space’, inorease gradually. As a basis for designing more efficent residential environments to fit Korean morden life style, self - grown, traditional and agricultural villages are studied. This study is concenturated on the Open Space System with its socio - cultural and physical backgrounds. For this, data and materials are some widely collected and are analysed focused on the systems and structures of ‘Open Spaee’. Some results from this study are summarized as follow ; 1. It is assumed that the number of houses per village is around 60, and that its area reaches to the radious of 3-4km. 2. ‘POONGSU’is a generally adopted theory based on natural elements like mountians, waters, and orientations when locating villages and composing their spatial structures. As a result of this, the basic structures of villages and Open Space are defined. 3. Circulation system is integrated to the hierachyal order system ; that is, Passing Road \longrightarrowEntry Road\longrightarrowCentral Read\longrightarrowDisperse and Access Road. 4. The natural and agricultural land uses are overlapped with diverse outdoor activities - religious services, play and recreation, relaxation, etc - without any physical modification. 5. At each villages, several artificial and spot - like green facilities are found. And distinctive functions, meanings, and locationalities are given to each of them. On that, they become a visual and psychological centers of each village. 6. In addition to its basic function of circulation, Central Road takes the sence of place for outdoor activities. Because of this charactor, it plays an important role of activating the village life and binding the various Open Space elements.

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측벽 개방유무에 따른 축사지붕면의 풍압계수 특성분석 (Analysis of the Wind Pressure Coefficient Characteristic of Livestock Shed Roof Surface according to the Opening of Side Walls)

  • 유기표
    • 한국공간구조학회논문집
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    • 제11권2호
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    • pp.63-70
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    • 2011
  • 축사는 비닐하우스 다음으로 자연재해에 취약한 농촌시설물이다. 축사의 경우 측벽 없이 지붕만 있는 형태가 가장 많이 사용되고 있는데, 태풍이 불면 지붕 전제가 날아가 많은 피해가 발생하는 실정이다. 그래서 농가에서는 태풍피해예방을 위한 측벽에 윈치 커튼설치하여 피해를 예방하고 있는 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 측벽 개방에 따른 축사지붕에 위치별 풍압 계수 분포특성에 대해서 알아보고자 한다. 측벽유무에 관계없이 축사지붕면의 피크외압계수분포에서 풍향각 $0^{\circ}$로 불어오는 방향에 대해서 불리하게 작용하고 있는 것을 알 수 있다. 그러나 측벽의 유무에 따라 피크외압계수가 풍향각과 처마의 길이에 영향을 받는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

생애구술을 통해 본 주거의 의미와 사용 I : 주거의 의미를 중심으로 (Meaning and Use of Housing Through Life History I : Focused on the Meaning of Housing)

  • 홍형옥;양세화;전남일
    • 가정과삶의질연구
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    • 제27권1호
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    • pp.45-60
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    • 2009
  • This study was designed to examine the meaning of housing in modern Korea, and to draw the interrelationship of people and housing. In-depth interviews were conducted, and the qualitative research investigated various aspects of housing history among four individuals during the different phases of social and economic transitions. Each narratives showed the unique characteristics of life history, and the conceptual frameworks for interpretation were microsociological approach by Morris and Winter(1978) and pathway approach by Clapham(2005). One narrater named "K" had gone through various housing experiences since her birth in 1933 at a traditional Korean housing, and she moved to a traditional rural community. Another narrater called "S" was born in housing built during the Japanese colonization, gained wealth through the housing boom of the industrialization, and has lived in a suburban condominium. "G" spent her entire life in an urban area, had never owned a house, and lived in a house with poor quality. The other narrater named "L" had lived in a single-family home with a large yard since her childhood, and she has resided in multi-family housing by herself after having a lot of experiences of building houses. The results revealed that housing could play as a simple role as a shelter, be transformed over family life cycle, become prestige of extended family, social and family status, investment. Meaning of housing from the pathway approach were closely related to hometown, the relation to birth family at postmarriage, economic status, and housing experiences according to the social change. As a conclusion, the meaning of housing is vary, and housing conveys numerous implications including psychological, social and economic aspects.

하우스증 예방을 위한 비닐하우스내 작업환경 개선에 관한 연구 (Study on Improvement of Working Environment in Plastic House to Prevent Plastic House Syndrome)

  • 김명주;최정화
    • 한국농촌생활과학회지
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    • 제5권2호
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    • pp.107-115
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    • 1994
  • This study was conducted to provide a counterplan for preventing so celled “plastic house syndrome” revealed among farmers spending much time in the plastic houses. For this, working environment inside a plastic house was observed. Then, experiments were carried out mostly in a climatic chamber with three kinds of working posture on uneven($D_1-F_1$) or even($D_2-F_2$) ground surface. Tested work loads with three kinds of working posture were : moving in a sitting posture with attaching breast to legs and waving arms ($A_1$), moving in a bending posture with waving arms ($B_1$), and moving a 6kg weighting luggage in a standing posture ($C_1$) Physiological responses in the workers to three different work loads were observed in a climatic chamber, with or without using some instruments, to evaluate work efficiencies. The results obtained are summerized as follows. 1. $C_1$ was the hardest work and $B_1$ was harder than $A_1$ on the even ground. 2. Worker's physiological fatigue and physical loads remarkably decreased when using the instruments such as a chair and a cart with some rollers on the even ground. 3. Working with pushing a cart($F_1$) was the hardest work, and standing($D_1$) was harder than walking($E_1$) on the uneven ground. 4. Worker's physiological fatigues and physical loads remarkably decreased on the even ground. 5. Similar results were obtained when the same experiment was carried out in a plastic house.

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장류가공사업 농가의 운영과 판매 실태 (Business Management and Marketing for Fermented Soybean Products on the Level of Farmhouses)

  • 김은미;김화님;이승교
    • 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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    • 제14권3호
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    • pp.99-109
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    • 2003
  • This study was conducted to collect basic marketing and management data from businesses run by farmers producing traditional Kanjang and Doenjang, fermented soybean products. The actual conditions of the fermentation processing sites at farmhouses participating in the production of soybean fermentation products were investigated. The subjects of this survey were 130 small size farmhouse Kanjang and Doenjang processing sites nationwide. The frequency, percentage, t-value, chi-square, and ANOVA were used for statistical analysis. The farmhouse business surveyed were generally operated by rural women for non-farming business income. The percentage of co-worked sites was 71.2 while the percentage of sites operating with permits was 39.2. Generally, the the facilities, size, number of working people, and output were very small. The areas in which the products were sold, site-located regions and region metropolises, were equally weighted. Sales volumes in region metropolises for sites with permits were a little higher than sites without permits. Without regard to operation type, the percentage of sales was highest in cases of direct sale by customer order. Co-worked sites have been found to have more experience in publicity than individually operated sites. As for methods of publicity, co-worked sites use mass media such as newspapers and broadcasting. Individually operated sites usually use social organizations and acquaintances. It was found that the average sales of each site totaled 25 million Won. The average income of each site was 12 million Won, and average income per participant was 3 million Won. Total sales income for sites with permits was significantly higher than sites without permits. But personal income was much higher at individually operated sites without regard to whether the site had a permit or not. This kind of business was found to contribute to an individual's time management skills as well as instill a sense of pride.

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Characteristics of Community Life in Foreign Intentional Communities Focus on the Differences between Ecovillage and Cohousing

  • Choi, Jung-Shin
    • International Journal of Human Ecology
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    • 제9권2호
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    • pp.93-105
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    • 2008
  • This study investigates the different characteristics (mainly of community life) in representative intentional communities, between the ecovillage and cohousing, since the different purpose of the establishment of the community might result different characteristics. The study method is data analysis: the analysis material is Community Directory, A Comprehensive Guide to Intentional Communities and Cooperative Living (Rutledge, 2005). Of 750 listed communities, 397 (211 ecovillages and 186 cohousings) communities were analyzed. The findings of the study reveal that there are clear differences of community life between ecovillages and cohousings even though two communities are regarded as similar intentional communities. The similarities between the two communities are as follows: 1) Those mostly distributed in the USA, and established before 2000. 2) Dominant size of intentional communities is less than 20 residents and 20 houses. 3) They make decisions in consensus. 4) They eat together very frequently; at least once a week or more. 5) Shared work is required. The differences between the two communities are as follows: 1) They have different aims of establishment. For instance, ecovillage focus more on eco-living, while cohousing focuses more on the cohousing idea. 2) There are more female residents in cohousings than in ecovillages. 3) There are more cohousings in urban areas with a smaller area of land, contrary to that there are more ecovillages in rural areas with larger areas of land. 4) There are less identified leaders or leadership core groups in cohousing than in ecovillages. 5) Income sharing is more common in ecovillages than in cohousings. According to there findings, it is evident that a different purpose of establishment result in different characteristics of community life even though those belong to the similar category of the intentional community. Thus, it is recommended to adapt the correct characteristics that fit the aim of the community in the establishment an intentional community Topics and discussions about establishing intentional Topics and discussions abut establishing intentional communities could contribute to gather the intentional communities could contribute to gather the interests communities could contribute to gather the interests of residents as well as those of relevant civil-workers and administrators in Korea.

Residents' Participation and Common Activities in an Intentional Community: The Case of the Mindlre Community

  • Cho, Jeong-Hyun;Lee, Dong-Sook;Choi, Jung-Shin
    • International Journal of Human Ecology
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    • 제9권2호
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    • pp.107-116
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    • 2008
  • A new movement in forming community villages for better living standards is becoming popular. In order to sustain a proper community, it is essential to design proper community programs and facilities, which can encourage the proactive participation of residents. In this study, detailed aspects of the Mindlre (Dandelion) community (including formation process and management of the village) are investigated. The Mindlre community is a successful community village in Korea concerned with residents' participation and community activities. The community is located in Sancheong, Gyungsangnamdo province in Korea. The study methods are references, field trips, and interviews with residents. Six areas were surveyed and investigated: the physical environment of the Mindlre community and eco-friendly elements, respondents' background and the motivation to join, residents composition, residents' participation in the formation process of the community, self-management systems and common activities, and residents's life satisfaction. The mindlre Community was founded on Christian religions faith. The primary idea of this village was building a new hope for rural areas without discrimination. The size of the village was expanded with housing for teachers and students who were linked with the Mindlre School (substitution school). When the community was founded, existing shapes of the village were preserved. The village was physically renovated based on the original environment, in addition nature friendly materials and methods were used. The residents were proactively involved in the community through regular meetings, self-regulation, and community worship. Although the survey results should that most residents were highly satisfied with living standards, there seemed to be no clear division between community facilities and private houses. A systematic and detailed space planning technique was required. In addition, various community facilities are required due to the expansion of the community.