• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.18 no.5
• /
• pp.581-586
• /
• 2017

The facility modernization policy has been established to improve fruits quality and to increase fruits yield per acreage. The fruit production quantity of farms joined in the policy was increased. Therefore, many fruit farms want to participate in the policy. The government has subsidized fruit farms to modernize their facilities such as rain proof, drainage way, frost proof, etc. This study analyzes the performance of the facility modernization policy focused on apple, eastern pear, and grape cultivation sector. One hundred apple farms, one hundred eastern pear farms, and 91 grape farms were surveyed. The performance of the policy was reviewed using analytical technique such as Covariate Matching and Propensity Score Matching and several policy implications were suggested.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.56-67
• /
• 1999

This study was performed to suggest the basic data and plans for the establishment of safe water supply plans in simple water supply piped system in the rural areas. In 4 different places, 24 points of water sources 36 points of taps from water sources were sampled. Of the whole 60 points, 55 points were ground water and 5 points were surface water. 14 items were measured for the analysis of water quality on each samples. The measured items were analyzed again by statistical method ; cluster analysis and principle components analysis. The results of this study are as followed. 1) In water quality analysis on water sources, 4 items, bacteria, E.coli, NH3-N and Fe exceed the standard. Of 24 points, 20 points(83%) on bacteria, 1 point(4%) on NH3-N and Fe exceed the standard. 2) In water quality analysis on near and remote taps, 4 items, bacteria, E.coli, NH3-N and Fe , exceed the standard. Of 36 points, 20 points (81%) on bactria, 1 pint(3%) on NH3-N and Fe exceed the standard. 3)Cluster analysis on water quality shows the differences by the kinds of water sources, geographical characteristics and distance from water sources. 4) Principle components analysis on ground water shows that Factor 1 and Factor 3 are natural fluctuation by the content of soil. Also, Factor 2 and Factor 4 are penetration of pollutants to underground. Therefore, it is needed to take deeper ground water in order to prevent from pollution in the areas which have ground water as water source . 5) Principle components analysis on surface water shows that Factor 1 is penetration of vacteria from surface to water source when rainfalls. Also, Factor 2 is fluctuation of water quality by the geographical characteristics. Therefore, the counterplans against non-point pollution source must be taken. Filtration and disinfection facilities are needed in the areas which have surface water as water source.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
• /
• v.16 no.5
• /
• pp.57-66
• /
• 2005

Korea has experienced serious changes during the last several decades of industrialization. Limited land resources and excessive rural-to-urban migration inevitably resulted high-rise apartment housing development. However, apartment housing couldn't follow up social change and residents' needs. Turning into the 21st century, there are great demands for the diversification of housing style and amenity of housing, which include enhancing community lift through proper collective environment. To solve these problems, cohousing has been introduced in Scandinavian countries. A primary goal of cohousing is the desire of residents to live in a socially supportive setting. People can do housework together and also can promote active mutual relationship among residents in the community. Physical feature of cohousing, in combination with social organization factors, may serve to enhance or support the sense of community sought by residents. In this point of view, the purpose of this study is to find out the physical feature of cohousing in Denmark and Sweden. First, it is to figure out the background and development of cohousing in Denmark and Sweden. Then, by making clear physical features between similarity and difference of two countries of cohousing through case study; such as housing type, the circulation patterns, common facilities and etc. This paper could suggest a possibility of application of cohousing in Korea to present how they encourage emphasize design aspects that increase the possibilities for social contacts and the sense of community. Also, it goes on to suggest that the educational program and the support from the government.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.63-70
• /
• 2011

Livestock buildings are rural facilities as vulnerable to natural disasters as vinyl houses. Many of livestock buildings have a roof but without side walls. The roof of such structures is easily blown away by a typhoon and this results in a heavy loss. Therefore, farmers install winch curtains on the sides to prevent damages caused by typhoons. This study purposed to examine the distribution of wind pressure coefficient among different positions of livestock shed roof according to the opening of side walls. It was found that according to the distribution of peak external pressure coefficient on the roof surface of livestock shed, the wind blowing at wind angle $0^{\circ}$ was disadvantageous to roof surface regardless of the presence of side walls. However, it was confirmed that the peak external pressure coefficient was affected by wind angle and the length of eave depending on the presence of side walls.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.13 no.12
• /
• pp.5969-5973
• /
• 2012

Introduction: Andhra Pradesh (AP) is one of the largest tobacco producing states in India. About 29% of adults in AP currently use tobacco in some form. Almost 24% of males and 4% of females are smokers. The prevalence of tobacco use in the state is higher than the national average of 15% for male and 2% for female smokers. However, few attempts have been made to understand the current situation of tobacco control resources, activities and strategies in the context of such a high tobacco prevalence state. The present study aimed to identify the gaps in existing tobacco control program and areas where tobacco control efforts can be integrated. Methods: Data were collected using both quantitative and qualitative methods. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with a total of 95 key officials of state health departments, program managers, and project directors in six districts to understand ongoing tobacco control efforts. To facilitate the interviews, semi-structured guides were developed. Simple descriptive statistical analysis was conducted on the quantitative data using SPSS version 17. Results: The results of the situational analysis suggest that a sufficient health workforce and infrastructure with the potential to integrate tobacco control activities is available in the surveyed districts. However, lack of integration of the tobacco control program intothe tuberculosis control program and the National Rural Health Mission was observed. Information, education and communication activities were lacking at block level health facilities. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that lack of trained health professionals, paucity of dedicated funds, lack of information, education and communication materials and low priority given to tobacco control activities are some of the factors which impede integration of tobacco control into existing health and developmental programmes in the districts of Andhra Pradesh, India.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.47-60
• /
• 1996

Home health care is one of the important components of health care services. Today, the need and demand for the home health care is increasing. To assess the effects of home visit health services by public health nurses in health center on the stat of health, use of medical services and quality of life by elderly people living at home, a randomized controlled trial was implemented for 65 years or more old people randomly allocated to intervention(93) and control(118) group. Intervention group received 2 visits a month over 6 months. Control group received no home visits. The data was collected in a one-year follow-up survey conducted at Kyongju before and after the intervention which composed of health risk assessment, risk factor education and health related behavior counseling. The prevalence rate of chronic illness was more decreased in intervention group than control group after intervention. The intervention group visited medical facilities less frequently than control group. And the home visit health services encouraged the elderly to practice regular exercise. After the intervention, the score of ADL(activities of daily living), LSI(life satisfaction index) and SSI(social support index) in intervention group were more increased than control group. And the increase of scores was more prominent in 70 years or more old people, female, non-smoker and non-chronic illed elderly rather than others. In conclusion, the regular home visit health services provided by public health nurses were beneficial for the elderly in terms of health promotion and quality of life.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.13 no.7
• /
• pp.3031-3035
• /
• 2012

Background: Though open surgical biopsy is the procedure of choice for the diagnosis of bone tumors, many disadvantages are associated with this approach. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the role of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) as a diagnostic tool in cases of bony tumors and tumor-like lesions which may be conducted in centers where facilities for surgical biopsies are inadequate. Methods: The study population consisted of 51 cases presenting with a skeletal mass. After clinical evaluation, radiological correlation was done to assess the nature and extent of each lesion. Fine needle aspiration was performed aseptically and smears were prepared. Patients subsequently underwent open surgical biopsy and tissue samples were obtained for histopathological examination. Standard statistical methods were applied for analysis of data. Results: Adequate material was not obtained even after repeated aspiration in seven cases, six of which were benign. Among the remaining 44 cases, diagnosis of malignancy was correctly provided in 28 (93.3%) out of 30 cases and categorical diagnosis in 20 (66.67%). Interpretation of cytology was more difficult in cases of benign and tumor-like lesions, with a categorical opinion only possible in seven (50%) cases. Statistical analysis showed FNAC with malignant tumors to have high sensitivity (93.3%), specificity (92.9%) and positive predictive value of 96.6%, whereas the negative predictive value was 86.7%. Conclusion: FNAC should be included in the diagnostic workup of a skeletal tumor because of its simplicity and reliability. However, a definitive pathologic diagnosis heavily depends on compatible clinical and radiologic features which can only be accomplished by teamwork. The cytological technique applied in this study could detect many bone tumors and tumor-like conditions and appears particularly suitable as a diagnostic technique for rural regions of India as other developing countries.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.17 no.sup3
• /
• pp.197-200
• /
• 2016

On an international scale, the burden of cancer in absolute numbers continues to increase, mainly due to aging of population in many countries, the overall growth of the world population, changing lifestyle with increasing cancer-causing behavior, like cigarette smoking, changing dietary habits and sedentary life. Cancer is the second-leading cause of death and disability in the world, after only heart disease. Recently, increasing incidence and mortality of cancer have also become evident in the developing world. In Iraq and particularly in Basrah in the southern part of the country, the burden has definitely increased and deserves extensive research. The present paper is part of an extensive household survey carried out in Basrah in 2013. Among the objectives was to validate official cancer registration in the governorate. The cross-sectional survey had a retrospective component to inquire about the incidence of cancer and cancer-related deaths during the three years preceding the date of inquiry (2010-2012). A convenient sample of 6,999 households with 40,688 inhabitants using multistage cluster sampling was surveyed involving all urban and rural areas of Basrah. The official cancer registration activities in Basrah seemed to have attained a high level of registration coverage (70-80%) but the gap, represented by missed cases, is still high enough to criticize the system. Most of the missing cases were either not notified by treating facilities or they were diagnosed and treated outside Basrah. Using a set of parameters, the pattern of cancer was consistent based on data of the household survey and data of the cancer registry but a gap still existed in the coverage of incident cancer and mortality by cancer registration. Integrated serious steps are required to contain the risk of cancer and its burden on the patient through improving the registration process, improving early detection, diagnostic and management capabilities and encouraging scientific research to explore the hidden risk factors and possible causes of low registration coverage. Periodic household surveys seemed feasible and essential to support routine registration.

• Land and Housing Review
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.223-232
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study is to identify the supply status and planning trend of North Korean housing through analysis on the North Korean architecture specialized media data. The flat composition is changing and the living room is becoming the center of the houses. Also, in the urban areas, the standard apartment type is four apartments in a row and the plan form is getting diversified into circle type, Y type, and irregular type. On the other hand, in the rural areas, two houses in a row and single house are typical and the change in planning scale and space structure are not substantial. Since the 2000s, design changes have been made to emphasize the third dimensional structure of buildings such as the elliptical houses and L-shaped houses. Furthermore, 8~10 households are located on one floor which leads to the tendency of the building enlargement. In terms of house size, a square concept was introduced to replace the initial 2~3 room concept and the basic module of the room planning the 3 room house based on $3m{\times}3m$. However, there seems to be no standard house size, and the house size may differ depending on the social classandregion. In the early 1980s, when there was focus on the apartment complex construction, the high-rise apartment buildings of 30~40 floors was planned. However, during the Pyongyang redevelopment project, apartments of more or less than 10 floors were built and row-houses of more or less than 4 floors were built. In terms of the complex scale, a lot of small complexes of around 300 households are emerging after 2010. The construction projects are mainly limited to specific regions such as Pyongyang and Samjiyeon, and also limited to specific classes such as the workers and soldiers initially and the scientists lately. In addition, living boundary composition and ancillary facilities for sufficient green area ratio securement and the people of North Korea are maintained consistently. In recent years, the specialized floor planning such as solar house and the house for the disabled people, framework houses for redevelopment business, and multi-storied house construction technology are also emerging.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.99-109
• /
• 2003

This study was conducted to collect basic marketing and management data from businesses run by farmers producing traditional Kanjang and Doenjang, fermented soybean products. The actual conditions of the fermentation processing sites at farmhouses participating in the production of soybean fermentation products were investigated. The subjects of this survey were 130 small size farmhouse Kanjang and Doenjang processing sites nationwide. The frequency, percentage, t-value, chi-square, and ANOVA were used for statistical analysis. The farmhouse business surveyed were generally operated by rural women for non-farming business income. The percentage of co-worked sites was 71.2 while the percentage of sites operating with permits was 39.2. Generally, the the facilities, size, number of working people, and output were very small. The areas in which the products were sold, site-located regions and region metropolises, were equally weighted. Sales volumes in region metropolises for sites with permits were a little higher than sites without permits. Without regard to operation type, the percentage of sales was highest in cases of direct sale by customer order. Co-worked sites have been found to have more experience in publicity than individually operated sites. As for methods of publicity, co-worked sites use mass media such as newspapers and broadcasting. Individually operated sites usually use social organizations and acquaintances. It was found that the average sales of each site totaled 25 million Won. The average income of each site was 12 million Won, and average income per participant was 3 million Won. Total sales income for sites with permits was significantly higher than sites without permits. But personal income was much higher at individually operated sites without regard to whether the site had a permit or not. This kind of business was found to contribute to an individual's time management skills as well as instill a sense of pride.