• 응용통계연구
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.503-519
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• 2005

공적분검정은 변수들간의 장기적 균형관계에 따른 공적분벡터가 표본기간 동안 일정하다는 가정하에서 실시된다. 따라서 기존의 연구들은 변수들 사이의 공적분관계를 안정적 장기균형관계로 해석해왔으나 장기균형관계가 존재해도 유일하지 않을 수 있으며, 표본기간 중 중요한 사건이 발생하는 경우 이러한 관계에 영향을 미처 안정성이 반드시 성립될 수 없다는 사실은 간과해왔다. 본 연구에서는 추정된 공적분벡터가 안정성을 유지하는가를 확인하기 위해 추가로 통계적 검정을 실시하였다. 공적분회귀모형 모수의 안정성을 검정하는 방식을 세분${\cdot}$체계화하여 공적분백터의 안정성 및 변동형태를 검색하는 실증분석에 적용시켜 보았다.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.34-41
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• 2015

Bonding strength of a thermal sprayed coating is difficult to measure using a conventional pull-off test method. Scratch test is a potential alternative testing method. An adhesive and a cohesive bond strength of the coating can be measured by the pull-off test while the scratch test performed on the cross-section of the thermal sprayed coating can only demonstrate the cohesive bond strength of the coating. Nevertheless, it is still beneficial to perform the scratch testing on the cross-section of the coating for the sake of comparison thus providing an alternative to the pull-off test. The scratch test method can reduce testing time and cost in the long run due to a significant cost reduction in consumables and energy and time saving from the curing step of the glue used in the pull-off test. This research investigates the possibility of using the scratch test to measure the cohesive bond strength of Mo/NiCrBSi composite coating. The results from the pull-off test and the scratch test indicate that the cohesive bond strengths of the Mo composite coating show similar trend and that the cohesive bond strength are increased when increasing NiCrBSi content.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.63-72
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• 2018

Purpose - This work analyzes, in detail, the specification of vector error correction model (VECM) and thus examines the relationships and impact among seven economic variables for USA - balance on current account (BCA), index of stock (STOCK), gross domestic product (GDP), housing price indices (HOUSING), a measure of the money supply that includes total currency as well as large time deposits, institutional money market funds, short-term repurchase agreements and other larger liquid assets (M3), real rate of interest (IR_REAL) and household credits (LOAN). In particular, we search for the main explanatory variables that have an effect on stock and real estate market, respectively and investigate the causal and dynamic associations between them. Research design, data, and methodology - We perform the time series vector error correction model to infer the dynamic relationships among seven variables above. This work employs the conventional augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and Phillips-Perron (PP) unit root techniques to test for stationarity among seven variables under consideration, and Johansen cointegration test to specify the order or the number of cointegration relationship. Granger causality test is exploited to inspect for causal relationship and, at the same time, impulse response function and variance decomposition analysis are checked for both short-run and long-run association among the seven variables by EViews 9.0. The underlying model was analyzed by using 108 realizations from Q1 1990 to Q4 2016 for USA. Results - The results show that all the seven variables for USA have one unit root and they are cointegrated with at most five and three cointegrating equation for USA. The vector error correction model expresses a long-run relationship among variables. Both IR_REAL and M3 may influence real estate market, and GDP does stock market in USA. On the other hand, GDP, IR_REAL, M3, STOCK and LOAN may be considered as causal factors to affect real estate market. Conclusions - The findings indicate that both stock market and real estate market can be modelled as vector error correction specification for USA. In addition, we can detect causal relationships among variables and compare dynamic differences between countries in terms of stock market and real estate market.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 환율의 컨테이너 물동량에 대한 영향의 비중을 고려하여 외환위기 이후 환율변동성이 커짐에 따라 컨테이너 물동량도 상당히 영향을 받은 것으로 예상되기 때문에 환율변동성의 컨테이너 물동량에 대한 장 단기적 영향을 체계적으로 분석하고 시사점을 도출하고자 한다. 환율변동성을 도출하기 위하여 GARCH 모형을 이용하여 우리나라의 환율 변동성 모형을 분석한다. 물론 구축된 모형을 분석하기 이전에 설정된 변수들과 모형의 안정성 검정을 위하여 단위근 검정과 공적분 검정을 실시한다. 또한 환율의 변동성이 컨테이너 물동량에 미치는 동태적 영향을 보기 위해 오차수정모형과 충격반응 및 분산분해를 실시하고 마지막으로 결론과 시사점을 도출한다. 분석결과 환율변동성을 포함시킨 컨테이너물동량함수를 회귀 분석한 결과 추정계수가 모두 이론적 예상과 부호가 일치하고 통계적 유의성도 높은 것으로 나타났다. 환율변동성은 우리나라의 컨테이너 물동량에 부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 환율변동에 의한 불확실성이 예상됨으로써 위험기피에 의하여 무역과 생산이 감소하고 이에 따라 컨테이너 물동량도 영향을 받은 것으로 판단된다. 오차수정모형에 근거한 인과관계 검정에서 단기와 장기 모두 환율변동성에서 컨테이너 물동량간의 일방적 인과관계가 존재하였다. 또한 충격반응함수에서 나타난 바와 같이 환율변동성 충격에 대하여 컨테이너 물동량은 부(-)의 영향을 받으며 그러한 부의 효과는 비교적 짧은 기간 내에 안정적인 추세로 수렴된다. 예측오차의 분산분해의 결과는 환율변동성과 실질환율이 컨테이너 물동량의 분산에 상당한 영향을 미치고 있음을 알 수 있다.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2002년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집(1)
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• pp.235-238
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• 2002

In this paper we describe the design and implementation of Electrical Ground Support Equipment(EGSE) for the CBS transponder testing. The main task of EGSE is to check out satellite systems, at system or subsystem level, during integration and validation phases of their life-cycle. Through a combination of hardware and software elements, EGSE supports manual, semi-automatic and fully automated testing. Automation is achieved by offering users simple, yet powerful means to write their own test application programs (test sequences) in high-level, test-oriented language and to run them in a strict real-time environment. The core of this environment is a user-configurable real-time database, containing all the information needed to calibrate acquired data, check them against predefined thresholds, automatically react to out-of-range conditions, display data using animated graphics or synoptic windows, and so on.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.301-309
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• 2017

In this paper, we propose a parallelization method for a High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) deblocking filter with transform unit (TU) split information. HEVC employs a deblocking filter to boost perceptual quality and coding efficiency. The deblocking filter was designed for data-level parallelism. In this paper, we demonstrate a method of distributing equal workloads to all cores or threads by anticipating the deblocking filter complexity based on the coding unit depth and TU split information. We determined that the average time saving of our proposed deblocking filter parallelization method has a speed-up factor that is 2% better than that of the uniformly distributed parallel deblocking filter, and 6% better than that of coding tree unit row distribution parallelism. In addition, we determined that the speed-up factor of our proposed deblocking filter parallelization method, in terms of percentage run-time, is up to 3.1 compared to the run-time of the HEVC test model 12.0 deblocking filter with a sequential implementation.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2000년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집(4)
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• pp.92-97
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• 2000

An AMR(Adaptive Multi-Rate) speech coding algorithm has been adopted as a standard speech codec for IMT-2000. It is based on the algebraic CELP, and consists of eight speech coding modes having the bit rate from 4.75 kbit/s to 12.2 kbit/s. It also contains the VAD(Voice Activity Detector), SCR (Source Controlled Rate) operation, and error concealment scheme for robustness in a radio channel. The bit rate of AMR is changed on a frame basis depending on the channel condition. In this paper, we introduced AMR speech coding algorithm and performed the real-time implementation using TMS320C6201, i.e., a Texas Instrument's fixed-point DSP. With the ANSI C source code released from ETSI and 3GPP, we convert and optimize the program to make it run in real time using the C compiler and assembly language. It is verified that the decoded result of the implemented speech codec on the DSP is identical with the PC simulation result using ANSI C code for test sequences. Also, actual sound input/output test using microphone and speaker demonstrates its proper real-time operation without distortions or delays.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제11권7호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2013

Purpose - The study investigates the influence of tourism and hospitality industry on economic growth and CO2 emissions. Research design, data, and methodology - In the empirical analysis, unit root tests, cointegration test and vector error correction model regression using time series data of South Korea from the first quarter of 1970 to the third quarter of 2010 are performed to examine the long-run equilibrium relationship and short-run dynamics among the tourism and hospitality industry, CO2 emissions, economic growth and other industry sectors. Results - Results indicate that a long-run equilibrium relationship exists among these variables. Furthermore, the tourism and hospitality industry and CO2 emissions have high significant positive effect on economic growth. The tourism and hospitality industry in Korea, in turns, shows a high significant positive impact on economic growth while the industry sector incursa high significant negative impact on CO2 emissions. Conclusions - The tourism and hospitality industry in Korea may havebeen prompted by several factors such as accelerated process of technological innovation or energy and environmental policies. These findings suggest that the effectively managed tourism and hospitality sector in Korea has resulted in both economic growth and a reduction in CO2 emissions.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권10호
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• pp.15-27
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• 2022

Recently, as carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions have increased overall and contributed to air pollution, and awareness of environmental degradation has grown. This study examines the impacts and causalities of economic globalization, economic growth, energy consumption, and capital formation on CO₂ emissions in China over the period 1971-2014. The vector error correction model (VECM) and Granger causality test on time-series data are employed to observe the interactions between CO₂ emission, economic globalization, and various economic factors, including economic growth, energy consumption, and capital formation, since China's early stage of globalization. The empirical results indicate the existence of bidirectional causalities from economic growth, gross capital formation, economic globalization, and CO₂ emission to energy consumption, and bidirectional casualty from energy consumption to CO₂ emission relationships in the short run. The findings of this study suggest that indirect bidirectional causalities from economic growth, economic globalization, and capital formation to CO₂ emission through energy consumption are observed. Moreover, economic globalization accelerates CO₂ emission in the short run but decreases it in the long run. To reduce CO₂ emissions, and to ensure sustainable economic growth and economic globalization progress, some crucial energy-saving and energy-efficiency policies, regulatory rules, and laws are recommended.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.736-741
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• 2004

In high-capacity disk drives with ever-growing track density, the allowable level of position error signal (PES) is becoming smaller and smaller. In order to achieve the high TPI disk drive, it is necessary to improve the writing accuracy during the STW(servo track writing) process through the reduction of TMR sources. Among the main contributors of the NRRO(Non-Repeatable Run-out) PES, the disk vibration and the HSA(head-stack assembly) vibration is considered to be one of the most significant factors. Also the most contributors of RRO(Repeatable Run- out) come from the contributors of NRRO which is written-in at the time of STW(servo track writing) process. In this paper, the experimental test result shows that the effect of NRRO on servo written-in RRO effectively can be reduced through a STW process under low dense medium condition such as semi-vacuum.