• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.31-47
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• 2022

이 연구는 선박금융산업에 블록체인기술을 적용한 STO(Security Token Offering) 플랫폼 구축으로 민간 선박금융 생태계를 활성화하는 데 대한 연구이다. 국내 민간선박금융 생태계는 자본시장법과 선박투자회사법에 근거해 형성되었으나 장기간의 해운 불황으로 주로 정책금융에 의존하게 되어 민간의 참여 확대가 지속적으로 강조되었다. 이 논문에서는 국내 선박금융에 대한 블록체인 STO(증권토큰화) 적용을 통해 민간참여가 촉진될 수 있음을 제시한다. STO 플랫폼 적용으로 네트워크 효과에 기반해 국내 선박금융 생태계가 금융플랫폼 생태계로 혁신될 수 있으며, 이에 따라 다양한 토큰발행자와 민간투자자의 참여증대를 기대할 수 있다. STO 플랫폼 설계를 위해 우선 경제-기술 통합 플랫폼 이론에 따라 플랫폼 디자인을 위한 핵심 원칙을 도출했다. 나아가 핵심원칙을 적용해 선박금융 플랫폼 설립을 위한 설계 원칙을 제시하며, 국내 선박금융 생태계를 감안한 설계방안을 제시한다. 선박금융 STO 금융플랫폼 구축효과로 1) 선박금융 참여 소비자 풀(pool) 확대, 2) 금융 참여자 간 거래 활성화를 통한 가치창출, 3) 보완적 혁신을 통한 다양한 파생상품 생성을 논의했다. 이러한 효과는 선박금융 매력도 제고, 해운산업, 조선산업 등 생태계 혁신 효과로 이어지며, 해양금융중심지인 부산금융중심지의 발전에도 공헌할 수 있음을 기술하였다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.29-39
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• 2023

As the intensity of urban underground space development increases, more and more tunnels are planned and constructed, and sometimes it is inevitable to encounter situations where tunnels have to underpass the river embankments. Most previous studies involved tunnels passing river embankments perpendicularly or with large intersection angle. In this study, a project case where two EPB shield tunnels with 8.82 m diameter run parallelly underneath a river embankment was reported. The parallel length is 380 m and tunnel were mainly buried in the moderate / slightly weathered clastic rock layer. The field monitoring result was presented and discussed. Three-dimensional back-analysis were then carried out to gain a better understanding the interaction mechanisms between shield tunnel and embankment and further to predict the ultimate settlement of embankment due to twin-tunnel excavation. Parametrical studies considering effect of tunnel face pressure, tail grouting pressure and volume loss were also conducted. The measured embankment settlement after the single tunnel excavation was 4.53 mm ~ 7.43 mm. Neither new crack on the pavement or cavity under the roadbed was observed. It is found that the more degree of weathering of the rock around the tunnel, the greater the embankment settlement and wider the settlement trough. Besides, the latter tunnel excavation might cause larger deformation than the former tunnel excavation if the mobilized plastic zone overlapped. With given geometry and stratigraphic condition in this study, the safety or serviceability of the river embankment would hardly be affected since the ultimate settlement of the embankment after the twin-tunnel excavation is within the allowable limit. Reasonable tunnel face pressure and tail grouting pressure can to some extent suppress the settlement of the embankment. The recommended tunnel face pressure and tail grouting pressure are 300 kPa and 550 kPa in this study, respectively. However, the volume loss plays the crucial role in the tunnel-embankment interaction. Controlling and compensating the tunneling induced volume loss is the most effective measure for river embankment protection. Additionally, reinforcing the embankment with cement mixing pile in advance is an alternative option in case the predicted settlement exceeds allowable limit.

• 국제지역연구
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.477-498
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• 2010

기존의 장미혁명과 오렌지혁명에서도 나타났듯이, 레몬혁명에서 발생한 미국 및 서방세력의 지역패권 장악 의도는 시민혁명의 선거과정에 직접적으로 개입하거나, 혹은 선거활동을 하는 NGO 단체들을 재정적, 도덕적, 이념적 차원에서 직간접적으로 지원하여 자국에게 유리한 정권을 창출하고자 하는 형태로 나타났다. 비록 NGO 단체들에 의해 지원받은 시민단체들이 순수한 차원에서 시민운동을 조직하였다고도 볼 수 있으나, NGO 단체 역시 정부의 지원을 받아 운영되는 경우가 대부분이기 때문에 정치색이 배제된 순수한 민간단체라고 보기는 어렵다. 따라서 특정한 목적을 가지고 접근하였을 때, 시민단체가 가지는 본연의 목적을 유지하기가 힘들어진다. 장미혁명이나 오렌지혁명, 레몬혁명에서 활동하였던 시민단체들은 모두 서방의 지원을 받는 NGO 단체들이었다. 색깔혁명에서 미국을 비롯한 서방세력과 러시아의 헤게모니 쟁탈전이 직접적으로 발생했다기보다는 색깔혁명을 통해 주변 강대국들의 패권경쟁이 가시화되었다고 보는 것이 더욱 타당할 것이다. 미국이 주도하는 세계질서가 강화되어 포스트 소비에트 공간에서 러시아의 국가이익이 침해받거나, 과거 앞마당이었던 이 지역에서 러시아의 입지가 약화될 경우, 지역패권을 둘러싼 미국 및 서방세력과 러시아의 갈등은 지속될 것이며, 러시아는 서방세계를 견제할 수 있는 SCO, CSTO, EurAsEC과 같은 역내 다자간 협력기구를 통해 중국, 인도 등 주변의 강대국들과 전략적 협력을 추진할 것이다.

• 한국발생생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국발생생물학회 2003년도 제3회 국제심포지움 및 학술대회
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• pp.72-72
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• 2003

The present study examined the possibility of cryopreservation of the D-shaped and umbo larvae of arkshell (Scapharca broughtonii), in terms of the survival rates after freezing and thawing. D-shaped and umbo larvae of arkshells were obtained from a shellfish farming on Yosu city. The average shell lengths were $93.3 \pm 10.1 \mu$m and $201.7 \pm 13.5 \mu$, respectively. Five cryoprotectants (CPAs), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), glycerol, ethylene glycol (EG), propylene glycol (PG), and methanol, were tested at the concentrations of 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 M. After larvae suspended in CPAs, cryoprotectants were loaded in 0.5 ml straws at a larval density of 50-100 larvae per straw, and epuilibrated for 10 and 20 minute at room temperature ($23^{\circ}C$), repectively. Straws were cooled at a rate of $1^{\circ}C$/min from $0^{\circ}C$ to $-12^{\circ}C$, held for 5 min at $-12^{\circ}C$, and then cooled at $2^{\circ}C$/min to $-35^{\circ}C$ and equilibrated for 5 min followed by plunging in liquid nitrogen. After storage in liquid nitrogen for 1 day, straws were thawed in a $30^{\circ}C$ water. As soon as straws were observed to melt, larvae were diluted with an equal volume of ASW and then washed twice with a large volume of ASW at an interval of 2 min to unload the CPAs. The results showed that after equilibration for 10 and 20 minute at room temperature, no larvae survived using methanol as CPAs, and it was observed that larval shells all open slightly, and larval flesh broke down and slopped over the shells. The highest survival rates (D-shaped larvae: 77.6%, umbo larvae: 59.3%) were obtained with 2M DMSO, and 1.5M glycerol yielded survival rates of 53.8% for D-shaped larvae and 37.5% for umbo larvae. The surviving D-shaped larvae showed active rotary motion and perfect membrane integrity and cytoplasmic normality, and the vigorous movement of veliger cilia was observed inside the closed shells. The breakdown of tissue occurred in the abnormal larvae, and the isolated cell often run out of shells.

• 분석과 대안
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.93-133
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• 2019

Throughout history, there are three clues of dualistic structures for the development of Hong Kong's nativism. First, inward attribution and outward lookingare two paths to the formation of Hong Kong's nativism. In the dualistic framework of "self-others", nativism is formed. The formation path of "outward looking"can be seen everywhere in the construction history of Hong Kong's nativism. It is under the reflection of "two mirrors" with Britain and Chinese mainland that Hong Kong people acquire the concept of "Hong Kong's nativism". Second, there are two aspects of Hong Kong's nativism: economic and cultural aspect and political aspect. With the gradual development of Hong Kong's history, these two aspects come into being and are closely bound up, thus constituting Hong Kong's nativism today. The third clue is the most critical one. The subjectivity of colonization and decolonization are two different forms of Hong Kong people's subjectivity. These three clues run through the whole process of the construction of Hong Kong nativism, and are carried out in three stages of development: "Origin (1960s-1970s): Preliminary Construction of Hong Kong's Nativism", "Development of Hong Kong's Nativism (1980s-1997): Awakening of Political Aspect" and "Formation and Alienation of Hong Kong's Nativism (1997-present): Deformed "decolonization". Along the evolution of Hong Kong's nativism, with the disintegration of colonialism, Hong Kong people have gradually transited from the subjectivity of colonization to the subjectivity of decolonization, but the process of "decolonization" has not been completed up to now.When nativism loses its native complex from the perspective of "inherent in China", and further develops into the "separatism" of anti-constitutional system and anti-national continuity and unity, it will challenge the stability of the relationship between the central government and the Special Administrative Region under the "one country, two systems". At the same time, it will have a greater impact on the political structure and the rule of law system of Hong Kong, and trigger a series of public law problems that need to be solved urgently. In this regard, on the one hand, we should re-clarify the relationship between the central government and the region under the "one country, two systems" in light of the new situation of democratic political development in Hong Kong, and improve Hong Kong's governance mechanism on the basis of the constitution and the basic law; on the other hand, we should actively learn from the German defensive democracy system to systematically interpret, integrate and apply Hong Kong's existing legal resources so as to effectively curb the development of local separatist forces.

• 무역학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.125-145
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• 2018

발틱해운거래소는 건화물 해상무역 지수인 BDI(Baltic Dry Index) 지수를 발표하고 있는데, BDI 지수는 철광석, 석탄, 곡물 등 주요 건화물을 운송하는 벌크선박의 평균 용선료를 의미한다. 현재 BDI 산출의 기초가 되는 용선료 데이터는 케이프사이즈 40%, 파나막스 30%, 스프라막스 30%의 비중으로 반영되고 있다. 이처럼 케이프사이즈는 건화물 시장을 구성하는 다양한 사이즈의 선박 중에서도 대장 역할을 담당하고 있다. 본 연구는 벡터오차수정모형(Vector Error Correction Model; VECM)을 활용하여 변수 간의 인과관계를 검증하였으며, 이를 통해 케이프사이즈 용선료에 영향을 미치는 변수 간의 장기균형모델을 도출하고자 하였다. 분석결과, 케이프사이즈 선복량 1% 증가시 용선료 0.08% 감소, 엔달러 환율 1% 증가시 0.01% 감소, 세계 GDP 1% 증가시 0.02% 증가, 철광석과 석탄 물동량 1% 증가시 각각 0.11%, 0.09% 증가, 벙커유 가격 1% 증가시 0.04% 증가하는 실증분석 결과를 계측하였다. 벌크선 중 핸디막스, 파나막스급 활용도가 낮아지고 상대적으로 케이프사이즈의 활용도가 높아지고 있는데 본 연구는 케이프사이즈를 대상으로 하여 분석을 수행하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.200-210
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• 2023

Background: Cambaroides similis is an endangered candidate species living in the stream of South Korea. Freshwater crayfish is known to decline rapidly not only domestically, but also internationally. Its decline is projected to be further exacerbated due to climate change. Understanding physical characteristics of the habitat is crucial for the conservation of an organism. However, comprehensive data regarding the distribution and physical habitat characteristics of C. similis are currently unavailable in South Korea. Thus, the objective of this study was to ascertain preferred ranges for water depth, current velocity, and streambed substrate of C. similis using Weibull model. Results: In this study, C. similis was found at 59 sites across 12 regions in South Korea. Its optimal water depth preferences ranged from 11.9 cm to 30.1 cm. Its current velocity preferences ranged from 9.8 cm s^-1 to 29.1 cm s^-1. Its substrate preferences ranged from -5.1 𝜱_m to -2.5 𝜱_m. Median values of central tendency were determined as follows: water depth of 21.4 cm, current velocity of 21.2 cm s^-1, and substrate of -4.1 𝜱_m. Mean values of central tendency were determined as follows: water depth of 21.8 cm, current velocity of 22.0 cm s^-1, and substrate of -4.4 𝜱_m. Mode values of central tendency were determined as follows: water depth of 21.7 cm, current velocity of 20.1 cm s^-1, and substrate of -3.7 𝜱_m. Conclusions: Based on habitat suitability analysis, physical microhabitat characteristics of C. similis within a stream were identified as Run section with coarse particle substrate, low water depth, and slow current velocity. Due to high sensitivity of these habitats to environmental changes, prioritized selection and assessment of threats should be carried out as a primary step.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.240-255
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• 2024

Widas Reservoir is situated in an area of 570 ha in the Pajaran Village, Madiun Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia, playing an essential role in fisheries, with the average fish catch per year of about 283 tons/year. This study explores the standing stock, growth parameters, mortality, and exploitation rates of several dominant fishes in Widas Reservoir. This study was carried out from February to November 2019. Fish stocks were estimated using acoustic tools, fish catch records, and sizes collected by local enumerators. Fish length frequency sampling was conducted on several dominant fish species, such as Oreochromis niloticus, Barbonymus gonionotus, and Osteochilus vittatus. Based on the length-frequency data, estimating fish population dynamics, the fish population dynamics (infinitive length (L_∞) and growth coefficient (K)) estimation was run in a time series using the Fish Sock Analysis Tool, II (FISAT II) program package. Moreover, the estimation of natural mortality parameters, the fishing mortality parameter, and the exploitation rate was also performed. The approximated overall fish stock in the Widas Reservoir was about 79,848 kg, which lowered with the increase in water depth. Of particular concern, in the surface layer at a depth between 1-5 m, the fish stock reached 58,813 kg, while in the deeper zone (> 15 m), the value significantly lowered by about 98%, reaching 1,219 kg. These results indicate an overfishing in the Widas Reservoir. The value of the exploitation rate (E) of B. gonionotus was 0.748, O. niloticus 0.8, and O. vittatus 0.7, respectively, proving the overfishing states occurred in the study area. Therefore, regulations governing the number of catches and the use of fishing gear are crucial in Widas Reservoir, particularly the use of lift and gill nets with a mesh size of less than 2 cm.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.384-398
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• 1991

본 연구는 개별농가(個別農家), 영농단(營農團), 위탁영농회사(委託營農會社)의 농기계 적정투입모형(適正投入模型) 선정(選定)과 보유기종(保有機種)이나 구입희망기종((購入希望機種) 의 경제성을 분석(分析)할 수 있는 대화식(對話式) 시뮬레이션 프로그램을 개발(開發)하고자 수행(遂行)되었으며, 그 결과(結果)를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 가. 농기계(農機械)의 적정투입(適正投入) 규모(規模) 선정(選定) 경제성(經濟性) 분석(分析)의 현실(現實) 적용성(適用性)을 높이기 위하여 투입(投入) 농기계(農機械)의 부담면적(負擔面積) 결정요인(決定要因)과 비용분석을 위한 기초자료를 문헌(文獻) 및 자료조사(資料調査)를 통하여 수집하였으며 이를 기초로 하여 수학적 모델을 개발하였다. 나. 개별(個別) 농업경영체(農業經營體)(농가(農家) 또는 영농단(營農團))의 지역(地域), 기후지대별(氣候地帶別) 적기작업기간에 따른 농기계이용(農機械利用) 일수(日數), 임작업료(賃作業料) 등을, 농촌지도소에 보급된 행정전산용(行政電算用) PC를 이용(利用)하여, 프로그램 이용자(利用者)가 입력설정(入力設定)하고 투입농기계의 경제성(經濟性)을 분석(分析)할 수 있는 대화식(對話式) 프로그램을 개발(開發)하였다. 다. 개발된 프로그램을 이용하여 벼농사 일관작업(一貫作業)은 물론 각 농작업(農作業)을 분리(分離)하여 투입 농기계별로 상세(詳細)한 경제성(經濟性)을 분석(分析)할 수 있으며, 경운 정지작업 기종은 3형식, 이앙(移秧), 방제(防除), 수확작업(收穫作業) 기종은 2형식을 동시(同時)에 분석(分析)할 수 있다. 벼농사는 경운(耕耘), 정지(整地), 방제작업(防除作業)에 대하여 분석할 수 있다. 라. 프로그램 분석결과(分析結果)는 입력(入力)된 경지면적(耕地面積)에서 기계화 영농을 수행할 때 투입 농기계의 기계사용(機械使用) 과부족일수(過不足日數), 부담면적(負擔面積), 손익분기면적(損益分岐面積), 월간(月間) 고정비(固定費), ha당(當) 기계이용비(機械利用費) 등을 포함한다. 마. 손익분기면적(損益分岐面積) 기종별(機種別) 임작업료(賃作業料)를 기준으로 한 손익분기면적(損益分岐面積)은 경운(耕耘) 정지작업(整地作業)의 임작업료(賃作業料)가 100원/평 일때 경운기, 트랙터 22,25,35,38,50,74 마력은 각각(各各) 1.8, 6.7, 7.6, 9.7, 9.3, 17.5, 23.7 ha 였으며, 이앙작업(移秧作業)의 임작업료(賃作業料)가 100원/평일 때 이앙기 보행4조, 승용4,6조는 각각(各各) 2.2, 5.8, 7.9 ha, 수확작업(收穫作業)의 임작업료(賃作業料)가 130원/평 일때 바인더, 콤바인 2,3,4조는 각각(各各) 2.2, 7.2, 10.2, 15.7 ha로 나타났다.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.1-162
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• 1980

The Design Society of Korea. It is our urgent task that we should map out our detailed guiedlines for the improvement of export-oriented industries and of the design of export goods in preparation for our export goal of $30 billion in the upcoming 1980s. The government, university design researchers, and most entrepreneurs have confronted diverse kinds of racking issues: how much do most export industries take advantage of the indus-trial design for the improvement of the quality of export goods\ulcorner, structural defects of most export industries, chronic and vicious cycle of overlooking the value of the industrial design in the process of manufacturing export goods and etc. In other words, the recent trend of slighting the industrial design is to speed up the sales of only unsophisticated goods on the international markets. Although Koreans have been plagued by scantiness of natural resources under these circumstances, most Korean people have showed off their strong will for today's growth. Furthermore, most exporters should do their best to sweep overseas markets by manufacturing sophisticated goods outranking those commodi-ties made by the United States, Japan, West Germany and the other developed countries. In this respect, we have to make our best efforts for the expensive application and practical use of the industrial design, one of the comprehensive sciences, in the face of the hard realities and conditions which we have confronted until now. For example, it can be attributed to the practical application of the industrial design that the neighboring Japan, West Germany, France, the United Kingdom in Europe, and the United States in North America have formulated a highly advan-ced cultural zone and braced up for their own trade protection-ism and tightened their embargoes on EEC goods. Unless any export goods take the best advantage of the industrial design, one of the behavioral sciences capable of satisfying the material mental needs of modern men and of promoting cultural growth, I am convinced that they will not infiltrate into any countries that have enjoyed their own highly cultural lives. It is absolutely important that most Korean universities, state-run, private corporations and research institutes should work out the improvement strategy for the development and practical use of the industrial design as will as the revision of the present curricula of the departments of design. However, most design researchers have come to grips with several difficult problems such as the correlation of export oriented industries and the industrial design and the development of the design of export goods. The improvement of the industrial design is our urgent assignment that we have to solve in the 1980s. Accordimgly, I cannot too much emphasize the value the recognition of the industrial design in our industrial communities because we have never witnessed the prosperity of those countries which have taken little notice of the importance of the industrial design. Hopefully, most entrepreneurs will take much consideration of the value of the industrial design and then can defeat their rival businessmen on the international markets by exporting goods of highly sophisticated design. In this respect, the main purpose of the research paper which this society presented is to underline the fact that the improvement and development of the industrial design is our common assignment to be studied from the viewpoints of national dimension as well as in conformity with our immediate goal for the export-oriented prosperity of state. In conclusion, I would like to highlight the fact that our export goods shall be continually developed in pace with the correlative improvement of the indudtrial design so as to pave the way for their bright prospect and to enhance their best impression of the first-class goods on the international markets.