• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.145-155
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• 2018

In a monsoonal climate, the soil seed bank can play an important role in plant regeneration after the severe annual floods that disturb above-ground vegetation within the riparian zone. To investigate the relationship between the soil seed bank and vegetation, we measured the species composition of the soil seed bank and the extant above-ground vegetation in six major plant communities (Artemisia selengensis, Miscanthus sacchariflorus, Persicaria nodosa, Phalaris arundinacea, Phragmites japonica, and Rorippa palustris) in the Cheongmicheon Stream, Korea. A total of 21 species germinated from the floodplain soil seed banks. The most diverse seed bank (21 species) was found in the A. selengensis community, wheres the lowest number of species was found in the R. palustris community (2 species). Most soil seed banks were composed of annuals (90%), exceptions being Rumex crispus and Artemisia princeps, which are perennial ruderals. The similarity of species composition between the soil seed bank and above-ground vegetation was low with Sorensen's similarity indices averaging 29% (range 12 - 42%). Crucially, existing dominant perennials of the extant vegetation including A. selengensis, M. sacchariflorus, P. japonica and P. arundinacea were absent from the soil seed bank. In conclusion, the soil seed banks of the floodplains of the Cheongmicheon Stream were mainly composed of viable seeds of ruderal plants, which could germinate rapidly after severe flood disturbance. The soil seed bank may, therefore, be useful for the restoration of the early succession stages of riparian vegetation after flood disturbances.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.221-230
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• 2004

Flora of the Dokdo Islet, where located south-east from Ulnung Island, off the east coast of the Korean peninsula, recorded as 59 taxa; 29 families, 50 genus, 48 species, 1 sub-species, 9 varieties and 1 form. Dong-do (East islet) of Dokdo Islet, naturalized plants such as Brassica campestris subsp. napus var. nipp-oleitera and Rumex crispus are widely ranged over the islet. The naturalizedplants affects the native species and their habitats of Artemisia japonica var. macrocephala, Echinochloa crus-galli, Sedum oryzifolium, Arabis stelleri var. japonica and Sedum kamtschaticum var takesimense in the islet. The trail in Seo-do (West islet) is heavily threatened by over-all weathering processes on the rock. The native woody species in the islet are Euonymous japonicus and Lonicera insularis, and the species such as Pinus thunbergii and Hibiscus syriacus are planted in the recent past under the IRP (Islet Restoration Program) by NGO. The Specific Plants, which is designated and categorized by the Ministry of Environment, Korea, such as Lilium lancifolium, Lysimachia mauritiana and Reynoutria sachalinensis are ranged. The ecosystem of Dokdo islet is seriously threatened by invadedplant species and building works for garrison and relevant facilities. The over-all long- and short-term strategies, based on interdisciplinary and integrated approaches for habitat restoration is needed.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.183-190
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• 2007

308 isolates of Ampelomyces quisqualis were isolated from powdery mildew fungi of 73 plant species in Korea from 1994 to 2004. Among them, the new mycohosts and new plant hosts of A. quisqualis were found in 13 species of powdery mildew fungi in 38 species of plant. The new hosts of A. quisqualis were Erysiphe heraclei on Heracleum moellenderfii; E. hommae on Elsholtzia splendins; E. glycines on Glycine max; E. lespedezae on Lespedeza biclor; E. pileae on Pilea mongolica; E. pisi on Phaseolus radiatus; E. polygoni on Rumex aquatica and Rumex crispus; Golovinomyce artemisiae on Artemisia princeps var. orientalis; G. cichoracearum on Rudbeckia laciniata var. hortensis; G. rubiae on Rubia akane; Oidium sp. on Valeriana fauriei, Lactuca indica var. laciniata, Carpesium triste var. manshuricum, Aster ageratoides var. turczaninow, Lufa cylindrica, Ixeris demtats Nakai, Phlox paniculata, Bidens bipinnata and Pathenocissus tricuspidata; Microsphaera alphitoides on Quercus aliema, M. pseudolonicerae on Cocculus trilobos; Podosphaera sp. on Ligustrum obtusifolium; Sphaerotheca aphanisi on Fragaria ananassa; S. balsaminae on Impatiens textori; S. fusca on Cucurbita pepo, Cucurbita maxima, Ligularia fischeri, Solanum melongena, Lagenaria leucantha, Cucumis melo var. makuwa, Acalypha australis, Cosmos bipinnatus and Aster scaber; Uncinuliella simulans on Rosa muliflora and Uncinula australiana on Lagerstroemia indica.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.61-70
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• 2008

The object of this experiment was to investigate the food habits of sika deer fed with various roughage sources. The feeding trials were conducted at Chungnam National University and Unbong Animal Genetic Resources Station in 2007. The experimental roughages sources were five including 25 species in all; grass sources; 5 species(Lolium perenne, Festuca arundinacea, Poa pratensis, Agrostis alba and mixed grass), legume sources; 5 species(Trifolium pratense, Medicago sativa, Trifolium repens, Melilotus officinalis and Vicia villosa), browse sources; 5 species(Quercus serrata Thunb., Prunus jamasakura Sieb., Quercus aliena Blume, Robinia pseudoaccacia and Pinus densiflora), weed sources; 5 species(Artemisia princeps Pampanini, Erigeron canadensis, Alopecurus aegualis Sobolewski, Echinochloa crusgalli var. frumentacea(Roxb.) Wight and Rumex crispus), and native grass sources; 5 species(Zoysia japonica Steudel, Agropyron tsukushiense var. transiens(Hack) Ohwi., Arundinella hirta(Thunb.) Tanaka, Miscanthus sinensis Anderss and Phragmites comunis Trin). Five sika deer were selected which had nearly the same body weight(average 92.5kg) as experimental animal. Experimental roughages were prepared by 0.5kg(DM basis) per 1 species fed to sika deer, and the experiment was carried out from 08:00 to the next day 06:00. The chemical composition and dry matter digestibility of each roughage source and species were significantly different at the sampling area, plant species, growth stages and cutting period. The sika deer ate more roughages which had low fibrous contents, but high dry matter digestibility. Among all the 25 species of roughages, the favorite intake species ranking by sika deer was observed like this: Quercus aliena Blume, Prunus jamasakura Sieb, Quercus serrata Thunb. and Trifolium pratense, respectively, and the lower intake species was Phragmites comunis Trin. On the other hand, compared to each roughage source, total intake amount by sika deer was showed as browse(36.5%), Legumes(34.2%), grasses(14.0%), native grasses(13.5%) and weeds(1.8%), respectively. Based on the result, the food habits of sika deer seems to be closer to typically browser type.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.68-75
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• 1991

A series of tests was carried out to determine the purity and germination of pasture plant and forage crop seeds imported in 1986 and 1987 at the grassland and forage laboratory, College of Agriculture, Seoul National University, Suweon. At the same time, the results obtained were compared with the National Livestook Cooperatives Federation(NLCF1's seed standards as a guide for determining seed quality. 1. The germination percentages of Potomac orchardgrass, Fawn tall fescue, Aquila Ky bluegrass and California ladino clover among grasses and legumes tested were lower than those of the N1,CF's standards, but the germination percentages of forage crops were higher than those of the NLCF's standards. 2. The purity of Potomac orchardgrass and Aquila Ky bluegrass were relatively lower than those of the NLCF's standards. 3. The percentages of other crop seeds in Potomac orchardgrass, Fawn tall fescue, Aquila Ky bluegrass and Cayuse oats were lower than those of the NLCF's standards. 4. Percentage of inert matter in the seeds was lower compared with the NLCF's standards except Akela ' forage rape. 5. The seeds of Potomac orchardgrass, NK 367 sorghum hybrid and sorghum x sudangrass hybrids such as NC+855, G83F and TE Haygrazer were contaminated with one or more weed seeds. Rumex spp. was by far the most common weed in the seeds imported. The other weeds occurred at a low level were Rumex acestosella, Senecio jacobaea, Cirsium arvense and Cuscicta spp. 6. There were many variations in 1,000 seed weight among different species. A thousand seed weight of Aquila Ky bluegrass was 0.263g, but that of Tetrone Italian ryegrass, Akela forage rape and Pioneer 3160 sorghum x sudangrass hybrid was 3.875, 3.476 and 242.4578, respectively. 7. According to the fluorescence test of ryegrass seed, Tetrone Italian ryegrass was known as a true annual type, but an unknown cultivar produced in Cheju was contaminated with 6% of perennial ryegrass seed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.31-54
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to present the basic data for establishing the management plan of forest ecosystem in Honam-Jeongmeak and Geumnamhonam-Jeongmaek by surveying and analysing the vascular plants distributed in Jangansan(A-site), Palgongsan(B-site), Mandeoksan(C-site), Chuwolsan (D-site), Cheonunsan(E-site) and Jeamsan(F-site). The numbers of flora were 813 taxa including 115 families, 406 genera, 700 species, 4 subspecies, 94 varieties and 15 forms. There were 500 taxa in A-site, 427 taxa in B-site, 402 taxa in C-site, 449 taxa in D-site, 345 taxa in E-site and 524 taxa in F-site. The rare plants were 12 taxa including Paeonia japonica, Iris minutoaurea, Chloranthus fortunei and so forth. In IUCN Red List categories, there were 1 taxon of EN, 2 taxa of VU, 8 taxa of LC and 1 taxon of DD. The Korean endemic plants were 20 taxa including Salix koriyanagi, Thalictrum actaefolium var. brevistylum, Saussurea pseudogracilis and so forth. The specific plants by floristic region were 108 taxa including 58 taxa of grade I, 30 taxa of grade II, 16 taxa of grade III, 2 taxa of grade IV and grade V, respectively. The plants adaptable to climate change were 18 taxa including 11 taxa of southern plant and 7 taxa of northern plants. The naturalized plants were 49 taxa including Rumex nipponicus, Brassica juncea, Trifolium repens and so forth. The invasive alien plants were 4 taxa including Rumex acetocella, Solanum carolinense, Ambrosia artemisiifolia and Aster pilosus.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.119-128
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• 2008

The object of this experiment was to investigate the food habits of Korean native goats fed with various roughage sources. The feeding trials were conducted at Chungnam National University and Unbong Animal Genetic Resources Station in 2007. The experimental roughages sources were five including 25 species in all; grass sources: 5 species (Lolium perenne, Festuca arundinacea, Poa pratensis, Agrostis alba and mixed grass, legume sources: 5 species (Trifolium pratense, Medicago sativa, Trifolium repens, Melilotus officinalis and Vicia villosa), browse sources: 5 species(Quercus serrata Thunb., Prunus jamasakura Sieb., Quercus aliena Blume, Robinia pseudoaccacia and Pinus densiflora), weed sources: 5 species(Artemisia princeps Pampanini, Erigeron canadensis, Alopecurus aegualis Sobolewski, Echinochloa crusgalli var. frumentacea (Roxb.) Wight and Rumex crispus), and native grass sources: 5 species(Zoysia japonica Steudel, Agropyron tsukushiense var. transiens(Hack) Ohwi., Arundinella hirta(Thunb.) Tanaka, Miscanthus sinensis Anderss and Phragmites comunis Trin). Ten Korean native goats were selected which had nearly the same body weight(average 30.6kg, 남) as experimental animals. Experimental roughages were prepared by 0.5kg per 1 species fed to Korean native goats, and the experiment was carried out from 08:00 to 20:00. The chemical composition and dry matter digestibility of each roughage source and species were significantly different at the sampling area, plant species, growth stages and cutting period (p<0.05). The Korean native goats ate more roughages which had low fibrous contents, but high dry matter digestibility. Among all the 25 species of roughages, the favorite intake species order by Korean native goats was observed like this: Quercus serrata Thunb., Quercus aliena Blume, Trifolium repens, and Pinus densiflora and Artemisia princeps Pampanini which was lower intake compared to other domestic herbivores. On the other hand, compared to each roughage source, total intake amount by Korean native goats was showed as browse(29.9%), legumes(23.0%), weeds(21.6%), grasses(21.5%) and native grasses(4.0%), respectively. Based on the result, the food habit of Korean native goats seems to be closer to browser type.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.24-41
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• 2010

Distributional characteristics of vascular plants and plants selection for revegetation in bare ground of lakeside was investigated in nine artificial lakes. The vascular plants were composed of 64 families, 194 genera, 268 species, 3 subspecies, 30 varieties, 3 forma, totaling 304 taxa. Dominant species of nine investigated areas were represented as Ambrosia trifida, Calystegia hederacea, Matricaria matricariodes, Xanthium italicum. Dominant species of three parts based on the location of artificial lakes were as follows:Ambrosia trifida, Bidens tripartita, Calystegia hederacea, Equisetum arvense, Setaria viridis, Spergula arvensis, Torilis japonica in northern part (Lake Paro and Soyang); Calystegia hederacea, Matricaria matricariodes, Rumex crispus, Xanthium italicum in middle part (Lake Chungju, Daecheong, Andong and Imha); and Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Bidens frondosa, Chenopodium glaucum, Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens, Persicaria pubescens, Setaria viridis in southern part(Lake Juam, Hapcheon and Jinyang). Among the 304 taxa, Korean endemic, endangered and rare plants were not investigated. The naturalized plants were 46 taxa, and life form was Th-$R_5-D_4$-e type. Above the results, Calystegia hederacea, Equisetum arvense, Xanthium italicum, Matricaria matricariodes, and Spergula arvensis were considered with proper species for revegetation in bare ground of lakeside in artificial lakes.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.31-45
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the vascular plants of the construct-reserved sites of ecological forests in Deokdong-ri, Baekwoon-myeon, Jecheon-si, and Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea and the period was from March to October, 2004. The results of surveying the vascular plants were recorded as 371 taxa; 83 families, 238 genera, 324 species, 44 varieties and 3 forma. There were 4 species of rare and endangered plants as designated by Korea Forest Service; Eranthis stellata, Paeonia japonica, Viola albida and Scopolia japonica. There were 9 species of Koreanendemic plants Pseudostellaria coreana, Melandryum seoulense, Clematis trichotoma, Deutzia coreana, Spiraea prunifolia for. simpliciflora, Ajuga spectabilis, Weigela subsessilis, Cirsium setidens and Saussurea nutans. Ten species of naturalized plants were observed Panicum dichotomiflorum, Rumex crispus, Amaranthus retroflexus, Lepidium apetalum, Trifolium repens, Oenothera Jamayckiana, Erigeron annuus, Erigeron canadensis, Bidens frondosa and Taraxacum officinale. In the results of analysis by floristic region, the specific plants were summarized as 52 taxa; 30 families, 47 genera, 49 species and 3 varieties.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.103-108
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• 2003

This study examined the coastal sand dune vegetation before and after the construction of an embankment on Anmado Island in order to compare vegetation in relation to the development of islands. A total of 24 species distributed on the sand dunes. 18 species were found to be in common before and after the construction of the embankment, which included Vitex rotundifolia, Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii, Zoysia sinica, etc. The species which were not found in this survey included Rumex japonicus, Setaria viridis, Portulaca oleracea, Artemisia japonica, Poiygonum aviculare, etc, and new species included Arena fatua, Carex boottiana, Lycium chinense, Leonurus sibiricus, Torilis japonica, Solanum carolinense, etc. The washing away of sand brought about the changes in habitat and the increase in naturalized plants, which included Oenothera odorata, Lepidium apetalum, Bidens bipinnata, Erigeron canadensis, Datura stramonium, Xanthium strumarium, Arena fatua, Solanum carolinense etc. In addition, the disturbance to this habitat led to the changes in vegetation. The main plant communities in the surveyed site were classified as Vitex rotundifolia-Imperata cylindrica var. koenigil community, Zoysia sinica-Calystegia soldanella community and Messerschmidia sibirica community. The sand dune vegetation on Anmado Island changed with regard to the community and the composition of species after the construction of the embankment, due to the sand being severely eroded. While Vitex rotundifolia community and Commelina communis community were found before the construction of the embankment, they were replaced by Vitex rotundifolia-Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii community, Zoysia sinica-Calystegia soldanella community and Messerschmidia sibirica community, after the construction of the embankment.