• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-3
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• 2001

This study was conducted to increase the content of taurine in milk from the dairy cows fed the rumen protected DL-methionine matrix and methionie hydroxy analog matrix for 42days. Dairy cows fed rumen protected DL-methionine matrix showed 23% increased milk taurine concentration compared to the value of the control groups. Dairy cows fed rumen protected methionine hydroxy analog matrix showed 53% increased milk taurine concentration compared to the value for the control groups (p<0.01).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.1003-1010
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• 2003

The effects of different rumen protected forms, oleamide, Ca oleate, of dietary oleic acid on the carcass quality and fatty acid composition in intramuscular and subcutaneous fat tissues of Hanwoo steer were examined. Sixty, 25 month old Hanwoo steers divided into three groups were fed no supplement (Control), 2% of oleamide (Oleamide) or Ca-oleate (Ca-Oleate) in their diet for 45 or 90 days. Disappearance rates of oleic acid supplements in digestive tracts (Rumen bypass, abomasal and intestinal disappearance rate) were 48.5, 68.4 for oleamide and Ca oleate, respectively. Both oleic acid supplements affected feed intake, growth rate, cold carcass weight and carcass fatness. Live weight gain, carcass weight, backfat thickness and marbling score were higher in the oleic acid supplemented steers compared with those from the control. Oleic acid supplements increased marbling score and ether extract in Hanwoo steer m. logissi thoracicmus. Rumen protected oleic acid increased not only the level of oleic acid but also polyunsaturated fatty acids in intramuscular and subcutaneous fat tissue. Total saturated fatty acid contents in both fat tissues were decreased whereas total unsaturated fatty acid content was increased compared with those from control. Linoleic acid, linolenic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid contents were significantly higher in Ca oleate than any other steers. Lipid metabolites in blood were increased in rumen protected oleic acid treatments. HDL content in blood was increased in Ca-oleate supplemented steers whereas LDL was decreased compared with control. The changes of fatty acid compositions in the rumen protected oleic acid supplemented steers suggest that the oleic acid and unsaturated fatty acid were protected from rumen biohydrogenation and can be deposited in the fat tissues.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.247-248
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• 1989

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.255-264
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• 2008

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of rumen protected choline on in vitro ruminal fermentation and milk production and its composition in Holstein cows. Experiments were done with three treatment groups, basal diet without any supplement (T1), basal diet+23g/d of mixture of choline and wheat shorts (T2) and basal diet + 25.56 g/d of rumen protected choline (T3). The in vitro ruminal pH and ammonia concentrations were similar for three treatments during all incubation periods except for the in vitro ruminal pH on 3 hr incubation and ammonia concentrations on 9 hr incubation. No significant difference was found in the concentrations of acetate and total-VFA. The propionate and butyrate concentrations were not affected by the rumen protected choline except on 6 hr incubation on which the propionate and butyrate concentrations were intermediate (8.98 mg/dl) and least (3.22 mg/dl), respectively. Higher milk yield and milk fat and lactose were resulted in the rumen protected choline. However, the rumen protected choline did not affect the milk protein, solids not fat, total solids, MUN, somatic cell count. It is concluded that the rumen protected choline can be effective materials to improve the milk production, milk fat and lactose without little change on in vitro ruminal fermentation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.821-827
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of protected fat and heat-extruded soybean meal on the lactation performance of Holstein cows. Twenty-four cows, consisting of 20 lactating cows and 4 rumen-fistulated dry cows, were randomly allocated into four groups with 5 lactating cows and 1 fistulated cow in each group. A replicated 4${\times}$4 Latin square design with four 21 day periods, including 14 days of adaptation and 7 collection days within each period was employed. The experiment was a 2${\times}$2 arrangement, with or without heat-extruded soybean meal and protected fat inclusion. The dietary treatments consisted of supplements of (a) soybean meal (the control), (b) heat-extruded soybean meal, (c) protected fat, and (d) heat-extruded soybean meal and protected fat. The results showed that there were no significant differences in feed intake, milk yield, milk protein content, milk lactose content and body weight change between the dietary treatments. However, cows supplemented with protected fat showed a significantly increased (p<0.05) milk fat yield, 3.5% FCM and total solid yield. The increase in undegradable intake protein (UIP) via heat extruded soybean meal supplement significantly decreased the urea nitrogen concentration in the blood (p<0.05). Dietary fat inclusion significantly increased the blood cholesterol concentration (p<0.01) and decreased the ruminal pH value (p<0.01). Increased dietary UIP significantly decreased the ammonia nitrogen concentration in the rumen (p<0.01), but did not significantly influence the pH and VFA molar percentage in the rumen. It appears that dietary protected fat inclusion could improve milk fat and solid content. Increased dietary undegradable intake protein through heat extruded soybean meal did not improve milk yield. But it could alleviate the adverse effect of decreased milk protein due to dietary fat supplementation. Increased UIP could also decrease the ammonia nitrogen concentration in the rumen and plasma urea nitrogen concentration in the blood.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.544-545
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• 1989

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.669-679
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• 2021

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of rumen-protected amino acid (RPAA) prototypes, which were chemically synthesized, on in vitro rumen fermentation and protection rate outcomes. Several RPAA prototypes were incubated with timothy hay and concentrate. Treatments consisted of 1) control (CON; no RPAA prototype supplement), and prototypes of 2) 0.5% RP-methionine (RPMet), 3) 0.5% RP-tryptophan (RPTrp), 4) 0.5% RP-valine (RPVal), 5) 0.5% RP-phenylalanine (RPPhe), 6) 0.5% RP-leucine (RPLeu), 7) 0.5% RP-histidine (RPHis), 8) 20% RPMet, and 9) 20% RPTrp (w·w^-1 feed). The inoculum (50 mL) prepared with rumen fluid and McDougall's buffer (1 : 4) was dispensed in individual serum bottles and was anaerobically incubated for 0, 6, and 24 h at 39℃ in triplicate. The dry matter degradability did not differ among the groups, except for the 20% RPMet and the 20% RPTrp treatments at 6 and 24 h. The total volatile fatty acid concentration in the 20% RPMet was higher (p < 0.05) than the rest of the groups at 6 h, and 20% RPMet showed the highest molar proportion of acetate, whereas the lowest proportion of propionate was found at 6 h (p < 0.05). The protection rate of the RPAA prototypes ranged from 29.85 to 109.21%. at 24 h. In conclusion, the chemically synthesized RPAA prototypes studied here had no detrimental effects on rumen fermentation parameters. Further studies using animal models are needed for more accurate evaluations of the effectiveness of RPAA.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.11
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• pp.1685-1692
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• 2023

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of rumen-protected biotin (RPB) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen utilization and plasma biochemical parameters of Liaoning cashmere goats during the cashmere fiber growing period. Methods: Sixteen 6-month-old Liaoning cashmere twin-doelings (24.8±1.20 kg) were allocated to 2 diet groups that were individually ad libitum fed 30% concentrate and 70% forage diet (dry matter [DM]) by a paired experimental design. Goats of the control group were fed the basal diet, while goats belonging to the RPB group were fed the basal diet with 10 mg RPB/d per animal. The duration of the experiment was 16 weeks with two 8-week periods. Digestibility was determined at weeks 7 and 15, and other measures were taken every four weeks. Results: Compared with the control group, the average daily gain of the RPB group increased by 10.94% (p<0.05), and the intake of neutral detergent fiber was increased (p = 0.045). There were some increasing tendencies for the intake of DM, acid detergent fiber and ether extract (p = 0.070, 0.088, and 0.070, respectively). The intake and digestibility of N tended to increase (p = 0.062 and 0.093, respectively), while the N fecal excretion percentage of N intake was decreased (p = 0.093) in the RPB compared with the control group. N retention tended to increase (p = 0.084) with the addition of adding RPB to the diet. Plasma total protein was increased (p = 0.037), whereas the urea-N concentration was decreased (p = 0.049) in the RPB diet group compared with the control diet group. The levels of propionyl-CoA carboxylase (p<0.001) and methylmalonyl-CoA (p = 0.013) were increased in the RPB group. Conclusion: Supplementation of rumen-protected biotin in the diet of cashmere goats can enhance the utilization of N and improve daily weight gain during cashmere fiber growing period.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.279-288
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• 1994

Three experiments were conducted with female Japanese Saanen goats to investigate the effects of rumen protected methionine (RPMet) on N utilization and whole-body protein turnover. Whole-body leucine flux from which whole-body protein turnover rates were derived was measured by primed- continuous infusion of L-[$^{15}N$] leucine in combination with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Throughout the experiments RPMet was added to a diet to supply 1.5 g DL-methionine per goat per day. Irrespective of the major N sources (i.e., protein or urea) in the diet, both N deposition and whole-body protein synthesis were increased (p<0.05), and urinary N excretion was decreased (p<0.05) by supplementing with RPMet, but not by supplementing with methionine. It was concluded, therefore, that under the present experimental conditions, the RPMet supplement was efficiently bypassed to result in enhanced body protein synthesis of the goat.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.1271-1277
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• 2008

The effects of feeding soybean oil (SBO) or rumen protected conjugated linoleic acid (RP-CLA) on CLA accumulation in milk, and performance of lactating dairy cows were studied. Twenty four Holstein Friesian crossbred lactating dairy cows, averaging $126{\pm}45days$ in milk, $15.6{\pm}2.43kg$ of milk and $452{\pm}51kg$ body weight were stratified randomly and assigned in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) to three treatments of 8 cows each. The treatments were control, 150 g of SBO and 150 g of RP-CLA supplementation. Performance parameters showed that DM intake, NELP intake and body weight change were similar across treatments, while CP intake was decreased by SBO and RP-CLA supplementation. Milk yield and milk composition were not significantly different among treatments, except for milk fat percentage and fat yield which were significantly decreased by 27% (p<0.05) and by 28% (p<0.01), respectively, by RP-CLA supplements compared with control treatment. Feeding RP-CLA reduced 3.5% FCM compared with the other treatments (p<0.003). Both SBO and RP-CLA supplementation reduced ${\geq}C18:0$ and CLA concentration in milk fat.