• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.67-78
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• 2024

Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is a new emerging networking paradigm that has adopted a logically centralized architecture to increase overall network performance agility and programmability. Combining network virtualization with SDN will guarantees for combined advantages of improved flexibility and network performance. Combining SDN with hypervisors divides the network physical resources into several logical transparent and isolated virtual SDN network (vSDN), where each has its virtual controller. However, SDN hypervisors bring several advantages as well as several challenges to its network operators as for the virtual appliances, their efficient placement, assurance of network performance is mandatory, and their dynamic instantiation with their migration. In this article, we provide a brief and concise review of network virtualization along with its implementation in the SDN network. SDN hypervisors types are discussed, and taxonomy is provided to demonstrate the importance of hypervisors in SDN. A comparison of SDN hypervisors is performed to elaborate on the vital hypervisor software along with their features, and different challenges are discussed faced by the SDN network. A framework is proposed to add combined functionalities of hypervisors to create a more effective and efficient virtual system. The purpose of the framework is to increase network performance through proper configuration of resources, software, control plane isolation functions with defined rules and policies.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.767-776
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• 2006

Corresponding author:Deukhwan Lee, Department of Animal Life Resources, Hankyong National Univ. Seokjeong-dong Anseong-si Gyeonggi-do, Rep. of Korea 456-749Tel: 031-670-5091, Fax: 031-676-5091, E-mail : dhlee@hknu.ac.krGeneral performance with including environmental and management effects on linear type traits in Holstein cows were investigated. 115,646 valid records measured from cows over 1 yrs of age by Korean Animal Improvement Association from 2000 to 2004 were used for this study. Farm, appraisal year-month, appraisal person should affect linear type and scoring traits. Most of type traits and scoring traits would be significantly affected by parity and lactation stage after absorbing farm-appraisal year-month-person effects. Otherwise, some traits such as traits related to udder would be affected by registration criteria. However, interval of appraisal time and milking time would not affect these traits. The scores related to udder, teat placement and foot angle would be positively related to parity. Final score would be optimized at cows of 2nd and 3rd parities. Dairy form, front teat placement, rear udder height, rear udder width and final score would show similar to pattern of lactation curve at lactation stage. Dairy capacity composite index would also show similar to lactation curve. This result would be indicated that more concise standardizing system for linear type scoring rules would be needed. Furthermore, correcting system for parity and lactation stage would be needed because this factor should affect physiological status, specially, udder status.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.45
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• pp.187-219
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• 2009

Under the pressure of the selection of topics and the presentation rules of mass media, politics in media society increasingly resort to professionalized forms of theatrical staging as a means of self-portrayal. Although these staging methods are not contradictory to what is actually going on in politics, they strongly advantage the tendency to focus exclusively on the staging of an event. Through their competition for public attention, politicians have been developing sophistication regarding placement and staging of events as well as regarding factual information. In the process of this transformation, politics that are issue-related and based on binding decisions are being gradually transformed into symbolic politics. Moreover, through their appearance on TV, politicians first of all need to possess presentational skills which are not necessarily related to their political achievements. Still, presentational skills decide over the success in politics of those politicians. The reason is that a politician who possesses presentational skills is still being perceived as being successful even if his political achievements notedly lag behind. On the other hand, political achievements are being underrated if a politician lacks the talent to present himself in front of the media. “The staging of politics, “politainment”, on the stage of mass media is evolving into a key structure which is responsible for a new coinage of politics in all different kinds of dimensions: the selection of staff, the role of action programs and their impact for the legitimation of political acting, even in relation to therole of pivotal political institutions such as parties and parliaments in the political process. The TV debates during the Bundestag elections of the year 2002 and 2005 are being analyzed and judged as “staging of politics”(politainment). Self-dramatization in media society concerning media discourses about politics and political self-portrayal has become a basic principle of political communication. Self-dramatization is a vital challenge for adequate political communication and content-based orientation in our present media democracies.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 1998

To evaluate the effectiveness of central venous catheters(CVCs) in children, 320 CVCs placed in 255 neonate and children over a 10-year period were analyzed retrospectively. CVC was placed by one pediatric surgeon for a total of 6, 116 patients days. Catheters were placed preoperatively for TPN or chemo in 223 cases. CVC was solely for TPN in 57 cases and for chemotherapy in 40. Local anesthesia was utilized in 71 cases, and the general anesthesia was administered in the remainder of the patients. The subclavian vein was catheterized(SCV) in 202 cases(82 infants and neonates), tunneled external jugular venotomy(EJV) was utilized in 38, tunneled internal jugular venotomy(UV) in 2, the facial venotomy(FV) was used in 3, and the umbilical vein was catheterized UVC) with vein transposition in 74 infants. In neonates, 72 UVCs were placed during laparotomy. SCV was increased with ages, from 3 kg of minimal body weight. The average catheter-periods over-all were 19.1 days, SCV 17 days, EJV 40, IJV 60 and UVC 14. Technical complications were; arterial puncture(6), puncture failure(5) and abnormal location(12) in SCV; insertion failure(3) in EJV; abnormal location in the portal vein(4) and the liver parenchyma(2) cystic fluid accumulations in UVC. Twelve migrations(3.8 %) out of position occurred; SCV(2), EJV(1) and UVC(9). There were 4 cases(1.2 %) of catheter obstruction and 11(3.4 %) of catheter infection(3 SCV, 2 EJV and 6 UVC). Rescue procedures were utilized with some success. There was one mortality(0.3 %) due to deep sedation in a 1.06 kg baby during placement of an EJV. The surgeon's experience, proper catheter selection and following safety rules are the most important factors for successful CVCs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.152-160
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• 2024

We analyzed risk factors of coastal gillnet fishers during fishing process and considered work safety measures to reduce safety accidents during fishing using a UWB (ultra wideband) based positioning system. The static position accuracy of the UWB based positioning system was 45 cm. When entering a port, there is a risk of falling overboard. When casting a net, there was a risk of falling overboard due to being hit by fishing gear or guards, or getting caught in a buoy line or sinker line. When hauling a net, there is a risk of getting caught between fishing gear and net hauler, and the risk of musculoskeletal disorders due to repetitive work over a long period of time. Most safety accidents during work on fishing boats are blamed on human errors of the fisher and skipper, but safety accidents occur due to a mixture of mechanical and equipment factors, work and environmental factors, and management factors in addition to human errors. Therefore, the 4E were presented as countermeasures against the 4M, which are causes of safety accidents, and the proposed measures were used to identify risk factors for operation process, comply with work safety rules, and ensure the wearing of personal protective equipments. We need to reduce safety accidents during work by making it part of our daily routine. These research results can be used in the future for optimal placement of fishing gear and fishing nets in other coastal industries where safety accidents occur frequently.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2024.07a
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• pp.447-454
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• 2024

Construction site monitoring is pivotal for overseeing project progress to ensure that projects are completed as planned, within budget, and in compliance with applicable laws and safety standards. Additionally, it seeks to improve operational efficiency for better project execution. To achieve this, many researchers have utilized computer vision technologies to conduct automatic site monitoring and analyze the operational status of equipment. However, most existing studies estimate real-world 3D information (e.g., object tracking, work status analysis) based only on 2D pixel-based information of images. This approach presents a substantial challenge in the dynamic environments of construction sites, necessitating the manual recalibration of analytical rules and thresholds based on the specific placement and the field of view of cameras. To address these challenges, this study introduces a novel method for 3D visualization and status analysis of construction site objects using 3D reconstruction technology. This method enables the analysis of equipment's operational status by acquiring 3D spatial information of equipment from single-camera images, utilizing the Sam-Track model for object segmentation and the One-2-3-45 model for 3D reconstruction. The framework consists of three main processes: (i) single image-based 3D reconstruction, (ii) 3D visualization, and (iii) work status analysis. Experimental results from a construction site video demonstrated the method's feasibility and satisfactory performance, achieving high accuracy in status analysis for excavators (93.33%) and dump trucks (98.33%). This research provides a more consistent method for analyzing working status, making it suitable for practical field applications and offering new directions for research in vision-based 3D information analysis. Future studies will apply this method to longer videos and diverse construction sites, comparing its performance with existing 2D pixel-based methods.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.137-152
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• 2007

The purpose of this article is making investigation of the principal composition of the twin-pagodas in Buddhist temple through ornaments of a case preserving relics of Buddha in the east and west pagodas of Gameunsa temple. This research has an important meaning in clarifying that the concept of placement two Buddhas together with lotus sutra, which was only applied to Bulkuksa temple, has been extended to Gameunsa temple. And this observation gave us a clear explanation for the principal composition at the twin-pagodas in Buddhist temple plans. The author obtained the following conclusion from this article : The cases preserving relics of the Buddha for the west and east pagodas are globally in similar form as the type of a royal palace. But the different points between eastern and western can be seen on the existence of Buddhist statues on the base floor, set-up of the gate at railings, and 4 lion statues at a coner of the base floor. In the western pagoda, there are Buddha statues above the base-floor of the cases preserving relics. These Buddha statues are composed of a boy monks and angels with playing music for the praise of the Sakyamuni Buddha lecturing the Lotus sutra at YoungChui Mountain. On the other hand, in the eastern pagoda, Buddha statues on the cases preserving relics are composed of a the Four Devas and monks as a defending God of the nation of Buddha. In the eastern pagoda, one can see something that does not exist in the western pagoda, which is a gate located in railing of a case preserving the relics. This gate described the scene of the Sakyamuni Buddha entering into the pagoda of 7 treasures. In a corner of the case preserving relics in the eastern pagoda, there is another thing which does not exist in the western pagoda. This is a sculpture of a lion which symbols the seat of Lion supporting the Buddha in the Dabotap(the pagoda of 7 treasures). When we observe the form and structure, the descriptions at the railings, the gate, the shrine, the statue of a lion, and the accessories in jewelries, at the cases preserving the relics in the eastern pagoda, one can realize that they have the same combination structures between the ones at Dabotaps in Bulguksa temple and those in China as well as in Japan, all of which represent the Gyun-Bo-Tap-Pum of Lotus Sutra. Among the distribution rules in the twin-pagodas in Buddhist temple, the application of the ideal of lotus was known to be effected only to Bulguksa temple. But from the result of the present article, it is more clearly proved by applying the Gameunsa temple that the distribution theory in the twin-pagodas in Buddhist temple was in fact based on the ideal of lotus.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.37-58
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to find ways to improve the legal system for supporting libraries for the disabled. For the stdy, related precedent studies were historically analyzed, and the legal definition of libraries for the disabled and related laws were discussed. Through this, it was confirmed that the current 「Library Act」 does not have sub-regulations of the Enforcement Decree and Enforcement Rules supporting the regulations related to library support for the disabled, and the 「Welfare of Persons with Disabilities Act」 replaces them. In addition, through research on the current status of libraries for the disabled and interviews with field workers in libraries for the disabled, the need for improvement of the legal system related to libraries for the disabled was confirmed. In conclusion, three improvement plans for supporting libraries for the disabled were proposed as follows: First, the definition and duties of libraries for the disabled through the 「Library Act」; second, preparation of regulations on support for library services for the disabled and fulfillment of duties through the 「Enforcement Decree of the Library Act」; third, through the 「Library Act」 and 「Enforcement Decree of the Library Act」, standards for facilities, collections and manpower of libraries for the disabled are presented.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.214-224
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• 2024

Sonobuoys are disposable devices that utilize sound waves for information gathering, detecting engine noises, and capturing various acoustic characteristics. They play a crucial role in accurately detecting underwater targets, making them effective detection systems in anti-submarine warfare. Existing sonobuoy deployment methods in multistatic systems often rely on fixed patterns or heuristic-based rules, lacking efficiency in terms of the number of sonobuoys deployed and operational time due to the unpredictable mobility of the underwater targets. Thus, this paper proposes an optimal sonobuoy placement strategy for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to overcome the limitations of conventional sonobuoy deployment methods. The proposed approach utilizes reinforcement learning in a simulation-based experimental environment that considers the movements of the underwater targets. The Unity ML-Agents framework is employed, and the Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) algorithm is utilized for UAV learning in a virtual operational environment with real-time interactions. The reward function is designed to consider the number of sonobuoys deployed and the cost associated with sound sources and receivers, enabling effective learning. The proposed reinforcement learning-based deployment strategy compared to the conventional sonobuoy deployment methods in the same experimental environment demonstrates superior performance in terms of detection success rate, deployed sonobuoy count, and operational time.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.18
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• pp.119-141
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• 2009

Administrative execution by proxy is one of forced executions of administration and is also called as "enforced execution by proxy" in which administration institutions or the third party executes by proxy on behalf of parties who did not execute obligations under administration law and files claims to compensate expenses required in the proxy execution. Despite the actual site of administrative execution by law, social problems are generated because various violence and behaviors of infringement of human rights between executer and obligator are rampant and thus causing human damages since forced execution by physical force is carried out and cases of police indictments and petition to human rights committee are gradually increasing. Majority of people mobilized in this actual site of violence are supplied by private security companies which provide service contract and mobilization of people without qualification of guards or security service and irrational execution by proxy and violent actions by so-called service hooligans connected to violence organizations are now becoming social issues. In these actual sites of violence, structurally very complicated problems such as economic rights, right of residence, struggle for living, and intervention by outsiders are contained. This thesis has analyzed causes of outbreaks of violence and discussed about improvement countermeasure by paying attention to mobilization of people by private security companies. As the result, through revision and improvement of laws and systems, execution institution and policemen must be present at actual sites of execution by proxy to control physical execution of private security companies to be carried out legally and when violent collisions are occurring, it shall be stipulated that police should immediately intervene. Practices of execution by proxy of execution administration institutions shall be avoided and causes of occurrences of violence shall be eliminated by discrete decisions of execution by proxy, elimination of service contract conditions focused on accomplishments, and stipulation of responsibility of execution institutions when problems occur. Practices of solving petitions through collective actions of obligators shall be eliminated and strict enforcement of laws such as disturbance of official execution or compensation claims for expenses of execution by proxy must be carried out and intervention by the third parties must be intercepted. Mobilization of manpower by security companies shall be limited to people with prior registration who have acquired and finished qualification and education by security business law and before putting them on actual sites, it shall be obliged that execution plan with clear written records of working location, mission, and work rules must be submitted in advance to police station in charge and also they must be controlled to follow laws and statutes such as uniform and equipments. In addition, personal criminal responsibility for violent actions must be clearly stipulated and advanced securing soundness of security companies such as limits of service contracts with records of accidents is required. Order placement behaviors of special organizations under the pretext of rehabilitation business must be eradicated and companies with capability and strong intention of observation of laws must be able to receive orders by intercepting chains of contracts and sub-contracts. Issues of improvement countermeasure of social problem, living, and compensation including rights of residence and environment are excluded from the discussion.