• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2010

Interpostion arthroplasty with allograft has been known as a useful option for the shoulder arthropathy, but it has a limitation to immune response. We performed the pectoralis major muscle transfer for shoulder arthropathy. From January 2007 to December 2007, we performed the pectoralis major muscle transfer in 2 patients. They were 1 man and 1 woman, and the mean age of the patients was 70 years (range, 65 to 75). The average follow-up after surgery was 13 months (range, 12 to 14). We analyzed the clinical results by the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) Score, and evaluated the pain by Visual Analogue Scale. The level of pain reduced from a preoperative average of 10 to a postoperative average of 1. The ASES scores increased from a preoperative mean of 9 to a postoperative mean of 58. These results indicated that interposition arthroplasty with the pectoralis major muscle transfer is a reliable treatment method for the shoulder arthropathy improving shoulder pain, and patient satisfaction.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 2002

Purpose : We evaluated clinical result of arthroscopic and open Bankart repair in anterior shoulder instability to identify factors iuluencing operative result and prognosis. Materials & Methods . We reviewed 24 patients of anterior shoulder instability treated with arthroscopic Bankart repair in 16 cases and open Bankart repair in 8 cases. Average age was 26 years old and involved in dominant arm in 15 cases. Patients were suffered instability for 3.1 years before operation and mean follow-up was 2 year 9 months ( 1 you 9 months -4year 10 months). Results : Post operative pain was subsided in 2 weeks in arthroscopic surgery and 3 weeks in open surgery. The final range of motion after arthroscopic repair were flekion in 168" , external rotation in 54" , and internal rotation in 79, and after open repair 168" ,49" , and 78 respectively. In arthroscopic surgery,2 cases (13%) were redislocated, and 4 cases(25%) showed mild instability. In open case,1 case (11%) showed mild instability. According to function- al result by Rowe grading scale, satisfactory results were 12case (76%) in arthroscopic repair and 7 cases (88%) in open cases. Conclusions Both arthroscopic or open Bankart could get good results in the treatment of anterior instability of shoulder. In arthroscopic repair, perioperative morbidity was lower than open repair, but it needs careful rehabilitation program to prevent redislocation and to return to sports activity.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.144-151
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• 2015

Background: The consensus is that a bony Bankart lesion shorter than 25% of the length of glenoid does not affect the clinical result; hence, such lesions were often neglected. However, small bony Bankart lesions are associated with various types of capsulolabral lesions. Methods: A total of 82 patients who had undergone arthroscopic capsulolabral lesion repair surgery for anterior shoulder dislocation were reviewed. The prevalence rates of early and late type of capsulolabral lesions were compared between a group of patients with and a group without small bony Bankart lesions. In addition, the types of accompanying capsulolabral lesion were analyzed according to the type of bony Bankart lesion. Finally, the clinical outcomes were evaluated (active range of motion, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score and Rowe's score). Results: Among the 13 patients who had small bony Bankart lesions, the prevalence rate of early and late type of capsulolabral lesions was 38.5% and 61.5%, respectively. Among the 69 patients without bony Bankart lesion, the prevalence rates of early and late type of capsulolabral lesions were 74% and 26%, respectively. Significantly worse clinical outcome was observed for the group of patients with both small bony Bankart lesions and late type of capsulolabral lesion. Conclusions: More severe type of small bony Bankart lesion appears to be associated with late type of capsulolabral lesion. The significantly worse clinical outcome for patients with both small bony Bankart lesion and late type of capsulolabral lesion indicates that small bony Bankart lesions cannot always be neglected.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.181-185
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• 2001

Purpose: We reviewed the bilateral anterior shoulder instability to evaluate the final outcomes and influencing factors that had effect on the final outcomes. Materials and Methods: Sixteen patients of the bilateral shoulder instability underwent the operative treatment and 15 patients could be followed up average 29 months. There were Bankart lesions in 28 cases and 46% retracted markedly onto the medial side of the glenoid neck. Capsular redundancy could be seen in 50%, but the generalized ligamentous laxity in only two patients. We performed open Bankart repair in 21 cases and arthroscopic repair in 9 cases. Inferior capsular shift was performed in 12 cases of 15 cases in patients who was shown the capular redundancy. Results: The average increment of the forward flexion was 4° postoperatively but the average decrement of the external rotation was 6° postoperatively. After the inferior capsular shift surgery, there were significantly the decrement in external rotation by 13° even though the forward flexion was at the same level comparing with preoperative motion. There were 13 cases(43%) in excellent result, 14 cases(47%) in good and 3 case(l0%) in poor. Rowe score improved from 53 to 87.3 postoperatively. Conclusion : Re-establishing a proper capsular tensioning in a bilateral anterior shoulder instability is critical to ultimate success because there was a redundant laxity in a half and majority of them had marked retraction of an anteroinferior glenohumeral ligament complex. Especially, it should be considered that an unexpected limitation of external rotation could be occurred in the inferior capsular shift surgery.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.115-119
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• 1999

Purpose: We reviewed the SLAP lesions and associated injuries, also evaluated a hypothesis that the type II posterior SLAP lesion is related with posterior rotator cuff tear and gives rise to the postero-superior instability. Materials and Methods: The patient recording papers, MRI, video and operation sheets were reviewed with the 28 SLAP lesions confirmed by the arthroscopy among 242 cases. Among these SLAP lesions, type II was 22 cases and classified to the anterior, posterior(16 cases), combined subtype(6 cases) based on the main anatomic location. There were 14 cases of the type II accompanying rotator cuff tear. The average follow-up(13 months) results were evaluated with the ASES and Rowe rating score after repair or debridement of the SLAP lesions. Results: In the type II lesions accompanying the rotator cuff tears(14 cases), the posterior(l0 cases) and combined type(4 cases), cuff lesions were all existed posteriorly. Also We could confirm the drive-through sign in the eleven cases, though did not check the disappearance of this sign after repair because of retrospective study. We could followed up the 22 cases, 18 cases(77%) were excellent or good, fair 3 cases(14%) and poor 1 case(4%). Also, type II lesions with the rotator cuff tear(14 cases) were showed better results in the repair(8 cases) than the debridement(6 cases) of the unstable type II with the cuff repair. Conclusion: The type II lesions were frequently associated with the cuff tear in the specific location. We could presume the possibility of postero-superior instability in the SLAP lesion with the cuff injuries. Also, satisfactory results could be experienced when the unstable SLAP lesions with the cuff tear were repaired at the same time.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.78-83
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• 2016

Background: We investigated the risk factors for the recurrence of anterior shoulder instability after arthroscopic surgery with suture anchors and the clinical outcomes after reoperation. Methods: A total of 281 patients (February 2001 to December 2012) were enrolled into our study, and postoperative subluxation and dislocation were considered as recurrence of the condition. We analyzed radiologic results and functional outcome including the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Evaluation Form, the Korean Shoulder Society Score, and the Rowe scores. Results: Of the 281 patients, instability recurred in 51 patients (18.1%). Sixteen out of 51 patients (31.4%) received a reoperation. In terms of the functional outcome, we found that the intact group, comprising patients without recurrence, had a significantly better functional outcome than those in the recurrent group. The size of glenoid defect at the time of initial surgery significantly differed between intact and recurrent group (p<0.05). We found that the number of dislocations, the time from the initial presentation of symptoms to surgery, and the number of anchor points significantly differed between initial operation and revision group (p<0.05). The functional outcome after revision surgery was comparable to intact group after initial operation. Conclusions: Eighteen percent of recurrence occurred after arthroscopic instability surgery, and 5.6% received reoperation surgery. Risk factors for recurrence was the initial size of glenoid defect. In cases of revision surgery, good clinical outcomes could be achieved using additional suture anchor.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.29-37
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• 2010

This study aims at evaluating the engineering properties of very poor graded fine sands deposited on the sea. Using materials sampled at SAEMANKEUM area, a series of rowe cell consolidation tests and triaxial compression tests are conducted in order to evaluate the characteristics of deformation and shear strength by the relative density. Prior to those tests, a maximum and a minimum relative densities are obtained. As a result, it appears that the minimum void ratio is 0.88, and the maximum compactible relative density is about 71%. In addition, internal frictional angle appears to increase linearly with an increase of the relative density which is similar to that of the port KUNJANG.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.149-153
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• 2002

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of arthroscopic Bankart repair using suture anchors for treatment of traumatic anterior instability of shoulder joint .Materials and Methods: We performed arthroscopic Bankart repair using suture anchor in 54cases and evaluated the results with the functional grading system of Rowe and Zarins after patients were followed up for more than 12 months. Results: Combined pathologies identified under arthroscopy were Hill-Sachs lesion in 28 cases, SLAP lesion in 6 cases and chondromalacia of humeral head in 6 cases. The results were excellent or good in 50 cases(92.6$\%$), and redislocation was happened only two cases. Conclusion: We conclude that arthroscopic Bankart repair with suture anchors is one of the reliableand effective method for treatment of recurrent shoulder dislocation with Bankart lesion.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.29-34
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• 2008

A large diameter sampler was developed to take undisturbed samples from not only soft ground but also sandy and weathered ground. The large diameter sampler which was developed in Korea Institute of Construction Technology(KICT-type large diameter sampler) was manufactured based on the principle of triple core barrel sampling. A specially designed cutting device was used to cut and contain various kinds of samples in the sampler during a sampling and retrieval procedure. By adjusting the stiffness of the spring located at the top of the sampler, the distance between the cutting shoe and auger can be controlled in accordance with the ground condition. In order to investigate the applicability of the developed sampler and compare the quality of the samples taken by the sampler with that by the traditional thin-walled tube sampler, samples were taken at various sites according to the ground condition. And a series of laboratory tests such as the unconfined compress ion test, triaxial compression test, oedometer test, large diameter Rowe cell consolidation test (D: 150 mm) were performed. The test results showed that the samples by the KICT-type large diameter sampler show higher quality than the samples by the thin-walled tube sampler. And the validity and applicability of the developed KICT-type large diameter sampler was confirmed accordingly.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.29-40
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• 2015

This study is on historiography of Modern Architecture since its beginning to present. As a critical review of the history of the writing history of Modern Architecture, this study tends to be a meta-history and criticism of historical text. This study try to analyse historiographical project of Modern architecture at specific phase since the beginning of modern architecture. The historiography of Modern architecture shows that writing a history is making a discourse of Modern architecture as a imaginative representation to define and justify Modernism in architecture. The analysis of canonic text since early 20th century proves that the history of writing history of Modern architecture played a critical role not only to shape of our ideal but the practice of architecture with a ideology construction in retrospect. With a name of truth or morality they made myths about the modernity in architecture. So we can find deep 'Hagelean Unconscious' in writing history of Modern architecture not even the first generation of historians but the second generation who were influenced by earlier writer in spite of their intention of revision and overcoming, which is in itself the key concept of Hegel's philosophy of History. Under this kind of 'operative' discourse our view point of Modern architecture were confined and the historiography of Modern architecture itself was narrowly defined as a kind of melodrama that a few architect and work of art matters. The rise of critical history fundamentally has changed the way of seeing and writing the history of Modern architecture. but it has also a new kind of dilemma as regard to writing history and involving practice. This review of historiography traces the texts of historians as like Pevsner, Giedion, Banham, Rowe, Tafuri, Frampton, and Curtis relating to different discours making. When we consider Benjamin's famous concept of constellation, writing history necessarily is a kind of montage making in time and we always need to recognize the historicity of historiography.