• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1220-1226
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• 2008

A route control in railway is one of the very important system to operate a train. An efficient train route control assures to increase train operation performance with a same railway system. The erroneous route control can accompany serious accidents which occur train collision or derailment which provokes death. A Route control carries out exactly lest the accident should take place. An interlocking table is widely used for the exact route control. The table has the problem of its exactness proving because it has been established by experts. In this paper, We tried to formalize a route control using mathematical logic. A route consists of symbolized tracks, signals, switch and crossing. It represents as a set, respectively. We proposed route setting control logic, converted the elements to set logics and construct route logics with the set logics of the elements. Finally we proposed a model which presents a prototype routes and we proved the proposed logics using the proposed method.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.920-927
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• 1998

This paper presents a synthetic control algorithm that generates the rudder command angle to track the optimal route which is composed of straight-lines among way-points with keeping a required error limit. The control algorithm comprises three main lgorithms that is a course-keeping algorithm that eliminates the yaw angle difference between optimal route and current route a track-keeping algorithm that tracks the optimal route among way-points and a turning-control algorithm that includes the generation of optimal turning routes and control method. The effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm is assured through computer simulation.

• 한국항해학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.65-71
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• 1996

Recently, the Track Control System which was separated from the Course Control System so-called Auto-Pilot has been developed for track-keeping in coastal area. From this year, the NAV Sub-committee in IMO commenced to consider the Performance Standard for the Track Control System vigorously. This system will be integrated with ECDIS and IBS so that captain/officers should analysis ship's motion characteristics accurately in the route planning using the electronic nautical charts. In this paper, a new Route Analysis Algorithm using fuzzy reasoning in route planning was proposed for 2, 700 TEU container ship. In order to verify the track-keeping, the author established a ship mathematical model and executed the simulation of the Route Analysis Algorithm at on-line condition with Pentium PC. The results of ship trajectories of the Route Analysis Algorithm were found to be effective to get track control automatically.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.199-208
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• 2001

In this paper, an automatic route tracking algorithm using the position variables and the yaw angle of a ship is suggested, Since most autopilot systems paly only a role of course-keeping by integrating the gyrocompass output, they cannot cope with position errors between the desired route and real route of the ship resulted from a drifting and disturbances such as wave, wind and currents during navigation. In order for autopilot systems to track the desired route, a method which can reduce such position errors is required and some algorithms have been proposed[1,2]While such were turned out effective methods, they have a shortage that the rudder control actions for reducing the position errors are occurred very frequently. In order to improve this problem it is necessary to convert that error into the corresponding yaw angle and necessary to treat only yaw angle control problem. To do this a command generation algorithm which converts the rudder angle command reducing the current position error into they yaw angle command is suggested. To control the ship under disturbances and nonlinearities of the ship dynamics, the adaptive fuzzy controller is developed. Finally, through computer simulations for two ship models, the effectiveness of the suggested method and the possibility of the automatic route tracking are assured.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.75-84
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• 2023

Ships need to ensure safety during their navigation, which makes route determination highly important. It must be accompanied by a route following controller that can accurately follow the route. This study proposes a method for automatically generating the ship route based on deep reinforcement learning algorithm and following it using a route following controller. To generate a ship route, under keel clearance was applied to secure the ship's safety and navigation chart information was used to apply ship navigation related regulations. For the experiment, a target ship with a draft of 8.23 m was designated. The target route in this study was to depart from Busan port and arrive at the pilot boarding place of the Ulsan port. As a route following controller, a velocity type fuzzy P ID controller that could compensate for the limitation of a linear controller was applied. As a result of using the deep Q network, a route with a total distance of 62.22 km and 81 waypoints was generated. To simplify the route, the Douglas-Peucker algorithm was introduced to reduce the total distance to 55.67 m and the number of way points to 3. After that, an experiment was conducted to follow the path generated by the target ship. Experiment results revealed that the velocity type fuzzy P ID controller had less overshoot and fast settling time. In addition, it had the advantage of reducing the energy loss of the ship because the change in rudder angle was smooth. This study can be used as a basic study of route automatic generation. It suggests a method of combining ship route generation with the route following control.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.156-161
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• 1997

In this thesis, based on Genetic Algorithm, a new route search algorithm is presented to search an optimal route between the origin and the destination in intelligent route guidance systems in order to minimize the route traveling time. The proposed algorithm is effectively employed to complex road networks which have diverse turn constrains, time-delay constraints due to cross signals, and stochastic traffic volume. The algorithm is also shown to significantly promote search efficiency by changing the population size of path individuals that exist in each generation through the concept of age and lifetime to each path individual. A virtual road-traffic network with various turn constraints and traffic volume is simulated, where the suggested algorithm promptly produces not only an optimal route to minimize the route cost but also the estimated travel time for any pair of the origin and the destination, while effectively avoiding turn constraints and traffic jam.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.431-444
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• 2018

Numerical simulations have been conducted to study the unstart/restart characteristics of an over-under turbine-based combined-cycle propulsion system (TBCC) inlet during the inlet transition phase. A dual-solution area exists according to the Kantrowitz theory, in which the inlet states may be different even with the same input parameters. The entire transition process was divided into five stages and the unstart/restart hysteresis loop for each stage was also obtained. These loops construct a hysteresis surface which separates the operating space of the engine into three parts: in which a) inlet can maintain a started state; b) inlet keeps an unstarted state; c) inlet state depends on its initial state. During the transition, the operation of the engine follows a certain order with different backpressures and splitter angles, namely control route, which may result in disparate inlet states. Nine control routes with different backpressures and transition stages were designed to illuminate the route-dependent behavior of the inlet. The control routes operating towards the unstart boundary can make the inlet transit from a started state into an unstarted one. But operating backward the same route cannot make the inlet restart, additional effort should be made.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제29권11B
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• pp.900-910
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• 2004

Ad hoc망에서는 이동 호스트들의 움직임으로 인해 경로 단절이 발생한다. 전송 경로의 단절은 목적지까지의 패킷을 전송할 수 없는 상태이므로 패킷의 손실과 지연을 가져온다. 따라서 TCP와 같은 전송 프로토콜은 이를 망의 혼잡으로 간주하여 혼잡 제어 알고리즘을 구동한다. 혼잡 제어 알고리즘은 망의 혼잡을 피하기 위한 수단으로 사용되는데, 경로 단절 시 혼잡 제어 알고리즘이 동작하면 TCP 성능이 떨어진다. 이를 해결하기 위해 본 논문은 TCP-P (TCP Pre-freezing) 기법을 제안한다. TCP-P는 라우팅 프로토콜에서 경로 단절에 대한 정보를 얻지 않고, MAC 계층에서 직접 경로 단절을 감지한다. 그리고 경로 단절 정보를 소스에게 보내어 TCP를 Pre-Freezing 하고 혼잡 제어 알고리즘을 멈추게 한다. 따라서 경로 단절로 인한 패킷 손실을 막고, 경로 재설정 후에도 경로 단절 이전 상태로 전송을 재개할 수 있게 한다. 실험 결과 TCP-P는 ad hoc 망의 경로 단절 환경에서 Proactive하게 반응하며, 패킷 손실 측면에서 다른 TCP 향상 기법들보다 좋은 성능을 보였다.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.386-393
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• 2023

최근 자율 항해 기술의 수요가 높아져 관련 연구도 증가하는 추세이다. 자율운항선박들은 일반적으로 계획 항로를 추종하여 항해하는 도중 위험 상황에 따라 회피항로를 산출하고 산출된 항로를 추종한다. 항로 추종에는 일반적으로 자동조타장치가 활용되며, 자동조타장치의 운용 방식 중, 항로제어 모드를 자율운항선박에 적용하는 것이 현 시점에서 가장 적절한 방안이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 자동조타장치의 항해제어 모드를 활용해 회피 항로를 적용하기 위한 항로 추종 알고리즘을 개발한다. 알고리즘은 직선구간과 선회구간을 구분하여 개발하였으며, 이에 대한 성능을 검증하기 위해 국제 인증을 취득한 시뮬레이터 장비를 사용하여 관련 국제 표준인 IEC 62065에서 제시한 성능을 만족하기 위한 성능 시험을 진행하였다. 성능 검증 결과로 보았을 때, 선박이 항로를 추종함에 있어서 선박과 항로 사이의 직선거리를 나타내는 Cross Track Error가 IEC 62065에서 제시하는 성능 기준을 만족하는 것을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.362-375
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• 2004

An ad hoc network is a multi-hop wireless network. Its limited bandwidth and frequently changing topology require that its protocol should be robust, simple, and energy conserving. We have proposed PoolODMRP to reduce its control overhead greatly by its one-hop local route maintenance. However, PoolODMRP still has some shortcomings. In this paper, we propose PDAODMRP (passive data acknowledgement ODMRP) to extend PoolODMRP. Compared with PoolODMRP, PDAODMRP has the following contributions: (1) It knows the status of its downstream forwarding nodes by route information collected from data packets instead of BEACON signal of MAC layer; (2) it max simplifies the route information collected from data packets by pool nodes; (3) it adopts a dynamic local route maintenance to enforce its local route maintenance; (4) it adopts the route evaluation policy of NSMP (neighbor supporting multicast protocol). Compared with PoolODMRP, PDAODMRP has lower control overhead, lower data delivery delay, and lower data overhead.